Development of an improved RT‐PCR for specific detection of spring viraemia of carp virus          下载免费PDF全文

Y Shimahara  J Kurita  T Nishioka  I Kiryu  K Yuasa  T Sakai  N Oseko  M Sano  P Dixon 《Journal of fish diseases》2016,39(3):269-275

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Factors maintaining species diversity in satoyama, a traditional agricultural landscape of Japan     

Kazuhiro Katoh  Sumire Sakai 《Biological conservation》2009,142(9):1930-26

Satoyama is a traditional agricultural landscape in Japan. It contains many kinds of organisms, including endangered species. Satoyama is composed of several habitat types, including paddy fields, secondary forests, secondary grasslands, ponds, and streams. High species richness has been sustained in most habitats by anthropogenic disturbances of intermediate impact, mainly activities related to agriculture. The variety of habitats and connectivity among them have contributed to the high species diversity within satoyama. These factors allow organisms to move among habitats and use different habitat types to obtain different resources. The connectivity among habitats is often more vulnerable than the specific habitats themselves under anthropogenic influences. In satoyama, species that require connectivity among habitats (e.g., grey-faced buzzard [Butastur indicus] and Genji firefly [Luciola cruciata]) have tended to decrease. The grey-faced buzzard is categorized as a “vulnerable” species in the Japanese Red List. It usually nests in forest trees and forages in habitats such as paddy fields, grasslands, and forests. Its foraging locations shift seasonally depending on food availability. It is thought that the degradation of either paddy fields or forests in a landscape may result in the disappearance of this species. The Genji firefly spends its larval period in stream water, pupates underground along streams, and flies near streams after emergence. This species requires not only the integrity of streams and nearby areas, but also connectivity between these areas. The ecology of these species suggests that the variety of habitats and connectivity among them are critical factors for their survival.  相似文献   

Immunostimulatory effects of natural human interferon-alpha (huIFN-α) on carps Cyprinus carpio L.     

Hironobu Watanuki  Gunimala Chakraborty  Hiroki Korenaga  Tomoya Kono  R.B. Shivappa  Masahiro Sakai   《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(3-4):273-277

Human interferon-α (huIFN-α) is an important immunomodulatory substance used in the treatment and prevention of numerous infectious and immune-related diseases in animals. However, the immunostimulatory effects of huIFN-α in fish remain to be investigated. In the current study, the immune responses of the carp species Cyprinus carpio L. to treatment with huIFN-α were analyzed via measurement of superoxide anion production, phagocytic activity and the expression of cytokine genes including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 10. Low doses of huIFN-α were administered orally once a day for 3 days, and sampling was carried out at 1, 3 and 5 days post-treatment. Our results indicate that a low dose of huIFN-α significantly increased phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production in the carp kidney. The huIFN-α-treated fish also displayed a significant upregulation in cytokine gene expression. The current study demonstrates the stimulatory effects of huIFN-α on the carp immune system and highlights the immunomodulatory role of huIFN-α in fish.  相似文献   

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and their receptors (flt-1, flk-1, and flg-1) in canine vascular tumors     

Yonemaru K  Sakai H  Murakami M  Yanai T  Masegi T 《Veterinary pathology》2006,43(6):971-980

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Fish cytokines: current research and applications     

Sakai  Masahiro  Hikima  Jun-ichi  Kono  Tomoya 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(1):1-9

Fisheries Science - Cytokines are low molecular weight glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune system, and more than 100 cytokines have hitherto been identified in humans. Cytokines...  相似文献   

Water adsorption process of bamboo heated at low temperature     

Yoshimi Ohmae  Yukie Saito  Masafumi Inoue  Takato Nakano 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(1):13-17

Water adsorption capacities were evaluated for moso bamboo samples that were heated at 200°C for various times and conditioned in a closed container at 97% relative humidity at 20°C. Logistic regression analysis was used for curve fitting to the adsorption data and its parameters were analyzed. These parameters were compared with those derived previously from the Dubinin and Radushkevich theory. The properties of the heat-treated samples changed after 5 h of heating. With less than 5 h of heating, hydroxyl groups provided the main adsorption sites but their numbers decreased on heating. After 5 h, gasifi cation of the bamboo increased and capillaries formed. Part of this article was presented at the 57th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Hiroshima, August 2007  相似文献   

Biological and phylogenetic characterization of Fusarium oxysporum complex, which causes yellows on Brassica spp., and proposal of F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae, a novel forma specialis pathogenic on B. rapa in Japan     

Enya J  Togawa M  Takeuchi T  Yoshida S  Tsushima S  Arie T  Sakai T 《Phytopathology》2008,98(4):475-483

Although the causal agent of yellows of Brassica rapa (turnip, pak choi, and narinosa) in Japan was reported in 1996 to be Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans, this classification has remained inconclusive because of a lack of detailed genetic and pathogenic studies. Therefore, we analyzed the taxonomic position of this organism using Japanese isolates of F. oxysporum complex obtained from diseased individuals of various B. rapa subspecies. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the rDNA intergenic spacer region and the mating-type gene (MAT1-1-1alpha-box) showed that B. rapa and cabbage isolates belong to different monophyletic clades that separated at early evolutionary stages. Additionally, correlations were observed between the molecular phylogeny and the vegetative compatibility groups. Isolates from turnip, komatsuna, and narinosa (B. rapa group) did not show pathogenicity against cabbage or broccoli (B. oleracea group), although they caused severe symptoms on their original host species. In contrast, cabbage isolates had significantly higher (P = 0.05) virulence on B. oleracea than on B. rapa crops. Our results indicate that F. oxysporum complex isolates from B. rapa and B. oleracea are not only phylogenetically distinct but also differ in host specificity. Therefore, we propose a novel forma specialis, F. oxysporum f. sp. rapae, which causes yellows on B. rapa, including turnip, komatsuna, pak choi, and narinosa.  相似文献   

Recovery from rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block was longer in the larynx than in the pelvic limb of anesthetized dogs     

Daniel M. Sakai  Manuel Martin-Flores  Marta Romano  Chia T. Tseng  Luis Campoy  Robin D. Gleed  Jonathan Cheetham 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):246-253

Objective

To determine if neuromuscular monitoring at the pelvic limb accurately reflects neuromuscular function in the larynx after administration of rocuronium in anesthetized dogs.

Study design

Prospective experimental study.

Animals

Six healthy Beagle dogs.

Methods

Anesthesia was maintained in dogs with isoflurane and a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Rocuronium (0.6 mg kg^?1) was administered intravenously to induce neuromuscular block. Train-of-four (TOF) impulses were applied to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLn) and the peroneal nerve (Pn). The evoked TOF ratio (TOFR; T4:T1) was measured with electromyography (EMG) simultaneously at the larynx and at the pelvic limb. Spontaneous recoveries of T1 to 25% (T1_25%) and 75% (T1_75%) of twitch height, and to TOFR of 0.70 and 0.90 (TOFR_0.90) at each EMG site were compared.

Results

Data from five dogs were analyzed. Times to T1_25% were similar at the pelvic limb and larynx when measured by EMG; time to T1_75% was slower at the larynx by 6 ± 4 minutes (p = 0.012). The larynx had a slower recovery to TOFR_0.70 (41 ± 13 minutes) and TOFR_0.90 (45 ± 13 minutes) than did the pelvic limb [29 ± 8 minutes (p = 0.011) and 33 ± 9 minutes (p = 0.003), respectively]. When the pelvic limb EMG returned to TOFR_0.70 and TOFR_0.90, the larynx EMG TOFR_0.70 and TOFR_0.90 values were 0.32 ± 0.12 (p = 0.001) and 0.38 ± 0.13 (p = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

After administration of rocuronium, neuromuscular function assessed by EMG recovered approximately 36% slower at the larynx than at the pelvic limb. The results in these dogs suggest that quantitative neuromuscular monitoring instrumented at a pelvic limb may be unable to exclude residual block at the larynx in anesthetized dogs.  相似文献   

Studies on supplementary desalted mother liquor on digestibility of nutrients,ruminal fermentation,and energy and nitrogen balance in Thai native cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Takashi Sakai  Wanna Angthong  Motoharu Takeda  Kazato Oishi  Hiroyuki Hirooka  Hajime Kumagai 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(9):1337-1345

Four Thai native steers were used to determine the adequate levels of supplementary desalted mother liquor (DML) for energy and nitrogen balances and ruminal fermentation. The crude protein and sodium chloride contents of DML were 25.5% and 60.3% on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. A 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment was conducted by adding different amounts of DML to three experimental diets (T1: 1.1%, T2: 2.2%, T3: 3.4% sodium chloride concentration with supplementary DML on a DM basis) and comparing their effects with those of a control diet (C) containing 1.0% commercial salt on a DM basis. The animals were given the experimental diets and rice straw daily at 1.2% and 0.8% of body weight, respectively, on a DM basis. No significant differences in the apparent digestibility of nutrients were observed among treatments. T3 achieved the lowest nitrogen retention (P < 0.05), followed by C, T2 and T1. The ratios of energy retention to gross energy were higher in T1 and T3 than T2, and that in C was lowest (P < 0.05). Supplementary NaCl concentration at 1% and 2% can be replaced with DML without an adverse effect on the digestibility of nutrients or on the nitrogen and energy retention.  相似文献   

Serum hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts     

M. Seki  K. Asano  M. Sakai  N. Kanno  K. Teshima  K. Edamura  S. Tanaka 《The Journal of small animal practice》2010,51(5):260-263

Objectives : To compare the serum level of hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt with that in healthy dogs and to investigate the perioperative change in serum hyaluronic acid following shunt attenuation. Methods : Blood samples were obtained from 29 congenital portosystemic shunt dogs before the operation, and 2 and 4 weeks after the operation from 17 and 7 dogs, respectively. The serum hyaluronic acid level of these dogs was measured and compared with that of 10 healthy beagles. Results : The median preoperative hyaluronic acid level in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt was significantly elevated compared with that in healthy dogs. Furthermore, the median postoperative hyaluronic acid level significantly decreased compared with the median preoperative levels in congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. Clinical Significance : In the case of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt, the reduction of intrahepatic portal blood flow might lower the clearance rate of hyaluronic acid in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, so hyaluronic acid clearance could be improved by attenuation of a shunt vessel. Hence, serum hyaluronic acid levels might be useful to evaluate liver function and also have the potential to evaluate successful attenuation of a shunt vessel in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt. Further investigations are required to clarify whether serum hyaluronic acid offers significant benefits over existing markers such as serum bile acid or ammonia concentrations.  相似文献