Application of the vibration method with additional mass to timber guardrail beams     

Yoshitaka Kubojima  Satomi Sonoda  Hideo Kato 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(6):767-775

This study examined whether or not weight, density, and Young’s modulus can be accurately measured by vibration test without weighing beams for timber guardrails. Bending vibration tests with and without the concentrated mass were performed on small clear round bars without the pith of spruce and cedar and on actual size round bars with the pith of cedar for the timber guardrail. The following results were obtained. The vibration method with additional mass could be applied to the round bar as well as the rectangular bar. It is possible that resonance frequency was decreased by the sawn split in the horizontal tapping. It is believed that the free ends condition is easier to realize than the fixed ends condition for cross beams for timber guardrails. The weight of the cross beam for the timber guardrail could be accurately estimated by the vibration method with additional mass under several testing conditions.  相似文献   

The role of paddy rice in recharging urban groundwater in the Shira River Basin     

Kenji Tanaka  Yoshitaka Funakoshi  Takaomi Hokamura  Fumihiko Yamada 《Paddy and Water Environment》2010,8(3):217-226

Agricultural fields in the middle Shira River basin play an important role as a source of groundwater recharge; however, the water balance between the agricultural water and river water is unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the water balance in the fields by measuring the stream flow of agricultural water channels, which draw water from the Shira River. The flow rate of water channels was found to increase in the beginning of May, which corresponded to the cultivation of paddy rice fields. During summer, the total agricultural intake was comparable to the river flow observed in the middle Shira River Basin. Determination of the water budget for the targeted area revealed that most of the recharged water was dependent on agricultural irrigation from the river. The annual recharge of the overall target area was estimated to be as high as 15,300 mm. In addition, the infiltration rate was as high as 170 mm/day in the paddy fields during summer, and as high as 30 mm/day in the upland fields during winter. In order to recover the groundwater recharge in this region, it is necessary to extend the submerged period to include periods in which the stream water in the Shira River is not subject to heavy rainfall as well.  相似文献   

Improvement of seedling establishment under flood condition by seed coating with molybdenum compounds for wheat and barley     

Yoshitaka Hara 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(2):223-229

Wheat and barley are often cultivated also in paddy fields in winter in Japan. The drainage of paddy fields is often poor. The seedling establishment of wheat and barley is more prone to become poor if it rains heavily after sowing. The flooding damage on seedling establishment is thought to be caused by many factors. The generation of sulfide ions in flooded and reduced soil is thought to be one factor of the flooding damage. In this study, the effect of seed coating with molybdenum compounds, which suppress the generation of sulfide ions, on the flooding damage of wheat and barley seedling establishment. Two poorly soluble molybdenum compounds were coated on wheat or barley seeds at different amounts. Coated seeds were sown in soil and soon flooded for 2 d at 20 °C. When seeds were not coated with molybdenum compounds, rates of seedling establishment were no more than 32%. However, when any molybdenum compounds of .05–.5 mol-Mo kg^?1 were coated, seedling establishment was significantly improved and rates of seedling establishment were no less than 54%. However, when sown seed were not flooded, the establishment rates of the seeds, which were coated with a molybdenum compound of no less than .1 or .2 mol-Mo kg-1, were significantly decreased. Accordingly, coating of molybdenum compounds could improve the seedling establishment of coated seeds under flooded condition, but might impair the seedling establishment of coated seeds under unflooded condition.  相似文献   

Effects of aggregate size,soil compaction,and bovine urine on N2O emissions from a pasture soil     

Yoshitaka Uchida  Tim J. Clough  Francis M. Kelliher  Robert R. Sherlock 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(4):924-931

The dominant N₂O emission source in New Zealand, calculated using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodology, is agricultural soils. The largest source of N₂O emissions in New Zealand occurs as a result of excreta deposition onto pasture during grazing. There is a dearth of studies examining the effect of soil compaction and soil aggregate size on N₂O emissions from urine patches in grazed pastures. In this study, we repacked soil cores with four different soil aggregate sizes (<1.0–5.6 mm diameter), applied bovine urine, and then subjected the soil cores to four levels of soil compaction. Fluxes of N₂O were monitored for 37 days after which soil cores were allowed to dry out prior to a rewetting event. There was an interaction between aggregate size and soil compaction with the cumulative loss of N₂O over the first 37 days ranging from 0.3% to 9.6% of the urine-N applied. The highest N₂O emissions occurred from the smallest and most compacted aggregates. Even under the highest levels of compaction the N₂O loss from the large aggregates (4.0–5.6 mm diameter) was <1% of the urine-N applied. Reasons for the observed differences in the N₂O flux from the different-sized aggregates included varying gas diffusivities and higher rates of denitrification in the smallest aggregates, as evidenced by the disappearance of nitrate.  相似文献   

Transform high seas management to build climate resilience in marine seafood supply          下载免费PDF全文

William W L Cheung  Miranda C Jones  Vicky W Y Lam  Dana D Miller  Yoshitaka Ota  Louise Teh  Ussif R Sumaila 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(2):254-263

Climate change is projected to redistribute fisheries resources, resulting in tropical regions suffering decreases in seafood production. While sustainably managing marine ecosystems contributes to building climate resilience, these solutions require transformation of ocean governance. Recent studies and international initiatives suggest that conserving high seas biodiversity and fish stocks will have ecological and economic benefits; however, implications for seafood security under climate change have not been examined. Here, we apply global‐scale mechanistic species distribution models to 30 major straddling fish stocks to show that transforming high seas fisheries governance could increase resilience to climate change impacts. By closing the high seas to fishing or cooperatively managing its fisheries, we project that catches in exclusive economic zones (EEZs) would likely increase by around 10% by 2050 relative to 2000 under climate change (representative concentration pathway 4.5 and 8.5), compensating for the expected losses (around ?6%) from ‘business‐as‐usual’. Specifically, high seas closure increases the resilience of fish stocks, as indicated by a mean species abundance index, by 30% in EEZs. We suggest that improving high seas fisheries governance would increase the resilience of coastal countries to climate change.  相似文献   

Transcriptome analysis of tetrodotoxin sensing and tetrodotoxin action in the central nervous system of tiger puffer <Emphasis Type="Italic">Takifugu rubripes</Emphasis> juveniles     

Kogen Okita  Engkong Tan  Hina Satone  Shigeharu Kinoshita  Shuichi Asakawa  Daisuke Ojima  Hideki Yamazaki  Kazutaka Sakiyama  Tomohiro Takatani  Osamu Arakawa  Atsushi Hagiwara  Yoshitaka Sakakura 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(3):401-412

  相似文献   

稻鸭共生对鸭肉品质和屠宰性能的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卢跃红  戴志明  张曦  魏红江  万田正治  中西良孝  韩自鸿 《中国家禽》2009,31(5)

以云南麻鸭为试验材料,分别在稻鸭共生(稻鸭组)和常规网上平养(常规组)两种饲养模式下饲养至体重达1.8 kg,测定其常规肉品质和部分屠宰性能.结果表明:①两组间鸭肉失水率、嫩度、熟肉率、肉色亮度值和红度值无显著差异(P＞0.05);稻鸭组的pH值显著高于常规组(P＜0.05);肉色黄度值B极显著高于常规组(P＜0.01).②两组间屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肉率差异不显著(P＞0.05);稻鸭组的皮脂厚、腹脂率比常规组分别降低了18.52%、11.76%(P＜0.05);腿肉率提高了11.40%(P＜0.05).③稻鸭组的生长速度明显慢于常规组.  相似文献   

Long‐term selection using a single trait criterion,non‐destructive deformation,in White Leghorns: Effect over time on genetic parameters for traits related to egg production          下载免费PDF全文

Olivier Gervais  Keijiro Nirasawa  Christian E. Vincenot  Yoshitaka Nagamine  Kazuyuki Moriya 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):222-230

Although non‐destructive deformation is relevant for assessing eggshell strength, few long‐term selection experiments are documented which use non‐destructive deformation as a selection criterion. This study used restricted maximum likelihood‐based methods with a four‐trait animal model to analyze the effect of non‐destructive deformation on egg production, egg weight and sexual maturity in a two‐way selection experiment involving 17 generations of White Leghorns. In the strong shell line, corresponding to the line selected for low non‐destructive deformation values, the heritability estimates were 0.496 for non‐destructive deformation, 0.253 for egg production, 0.660 for egg weight and 0.446 for sexual maturity. In the weak shell line, corresponding to the line selected for high non‐destructive deformation values, the heritabilities were 0.372, 0.162, 0.703 and 0.404, respectively. An asymmetric response to selection was observed for non‐destructive deformation, egg production and sexual maturity, whereas egg weight decreased for both lines. Using non‐destructive deformation to select for stronger eggshell had a small negative effect on egg production and sexual maturity, suggesting the need for breeding programs to balance selection between eggshell traits and egg production traits. However, the analysis of the genetic correlation between non‐destructive deformation and egg weight revealed that large eggs are not associated with poor eggshell quality.  相似文献   

A case of gastrinoma in a Shih-Tzu dog     

Fukushima U  Sato M  Okano S  Aramaki Y  Ito H  Yoshioka K  Oyamada T  Uechi M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(3):311-313

A five-year-old male Shih-Tzu dog presented with severe vomiting and weight loss. The clinical signs were successfully improved by an eight-day treatment with an H(2)-receptor antagonist, gastrointestinal protectant and antibiotics. Ten days later, however, recurrence of vomiting was seen despite continuous medical treatment. Based on clinical signs and the results of various diagnostic tests including CBC, biochemical analysis, contrast radiography, and endoscopy, a duodenal or pancreatic neoplasm was suspected and exploratory laparotomy was conducted. Some swollen pancreatic regions were found, and biopsy of the pancreas indicated the diagnosis of a gastrin-secreting tumor. Consequently, based on a high serum gastrin level as well as clinical signs and immunohistological findings, we diagnosed the disease as canine gastrinoma, a rare tumor of the pancreas.  相似文献   

Detection of Lawsonia intracellularis using immunomagnetic beads and ATP bioluminescence     

Watarai M  Yamato Y  Murakata K  Kim S  Omata Y  Furuoka H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(4):449-451

Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes proliferative enteropathy in various animals. The detection of L. intracellularis in clinical and environmental samples is necessary for the diagnosis of infection and epidemiological investigations. For the detection of L. intracellularis in fecal samples, we have developed an immunological method using immunomagnetic separation and ATP bioluminescence. Magnetic beads were coated with an anti-Lawsonia surface antigen (LsaA) antibody in order to capture the L. intracellularis in fecal samples from infected rabbits and the bacteria captured by the immunomagnetic beads were assayed by means of ATP bioluminescence. Our results showed that L. intracelluraris was detected by immunomagnetic separation of bacteria-holding magnetic beads and ATP-based bioluminescence, suggesting that our methods could be useful for the diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy.  相似文献