Quantification of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice germ and bran     

Yu S  Nehus ZT  Badger TM  Fang N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(18):7308-7313

Rice bran is a rich natural source of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol, which have been extensively studied and reported to possess important health-promoting properties. However, commercial rice bran is a mixture of rice bran and germ, and profiles of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in these two different materials are less well-studied. In the current study, vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice bran and germ were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The components were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with both positive- and negative-ion modes. Both deprotonated molecular ion [M - H](-) and protonated molecular ion [M + H](+) found as the base peaks in spectra of vitamin E components made ESI-MS a valuable analytic method in detecting vitamin E compounds, especially when they were at very low levels in samples. Ultraviolet absorption was used for quantification of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components. While the level of vitamin E in rice germ was 5 times greater than in rice bran, the level of gamma-oryzanol in rice germ was 5 times lower than in rice bran. Also, the major vitamin E component was alpha-tocopherol in rice germ and gamma-tocotrienol in rice bran. These data suggest that rice bran and germ have significantly different profiles of vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components. The method enables rapid and direct on-line identification and quantification of the vitamin E and gamma-oryzanol components in rice bran and germ.  相似文献   

The role of tissue culture in preserving threatened and endangered plant species     

Zachary S. Wochok 《Biological conservation》1981,20(2):83-89

The impact of human activities on natural ecosystems has become an issue of growing public concern. While not attenuated by the problems of habitat preservation, human activities in certain regions have caused a depletion of many plant species that might otherwise have remained secure in their respective habitats. Several options are available to address this problem. One which has received only minor attention but has great potential for germplasm preservation is tissue culture. Preliminary work with several species of Pediocactus shows great promise for the application of micropropagative technology.  相似文献   

Primary alcohols from terminal olefins: formal anti-Markovnikov hydration via triple relay catalysis     

Dong G  Teo P  Wickens ZK  Grubbs RH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6049):1609-1612

Alcohol synthesis is critical to the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The addition of water across olefins to form primary alcohols (anti-Markovnikov olefin hydration) would be a broadly useful reaction but has largely proven elusive; an indirect hydroboration/oxidation sequence requiring stoichiometric borane and oxidant is currently the most practical methodology. Here, we report a more direct approach with the use of a triple relay catalysis system that couples palladium-catalyzed oxidation, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, and ruthenium-catalyzed reduction cycles. Aryl-substituted terminal olefins are converted to primary alcohols by net reaction with water in good yield and excellent regioselectivity.  相似文献   

Pyogranulomatous panniculitis in a domestic cat associated with Pseudomonas luteola infection     

Sarai M. Milliron  Zachary G. Seyler  Alexandra N. Myers  Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann  Melanie Hnot  Dominique J. Wiener 《Veterinary dermatology》2021,32(1):83-e15

Pseudomonas luteola, a pathogen causing disease in humans, has in animals been reported only in rainbow trout and ferrets. This case report describes pyogranulomatous panniculitis in a cat associated with P. luteola infection. Organisms were seen histologically and identified with PCR and sequencing. Lesions resolved after treatment with marbofloxacin.  相似文献   

Identification of resistance to the Ga1-m gametophyte factor in maize     

Zachary G. Jones  Major M. Goodman  Matthew D. Krakowsky 《Euphytica》2015,206(3):785-791

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Morphological,Structural, and Thermal Properties of Starch Nanocrystals Affected by Different Botanic Origins     

Yixiang Xu  Edward N. Sismour  Cory Grizzard  Melissa Thomas  Dmitry Pestov  Zachary Huba  Tongwen Wang  Harbans L. Bhardwaj 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(4):383-388

Six types of starch nanocrystals were prepared from corn, barley, potato, tapioca, chickpea, and mungbean starches with an acid hydrolysis method. The yields and morphological, structural, and thermal properties of starch nanocrystals were characterized. Starch nanocrystals had yields ranging from 8.8 to 35.7%, depending on botanical origin. During acid hydrolysis, amylose was effectively degraded, and no amylose was detected in any starch nanocrystal. Shape and size of native starch granules varied between starches, whereas there was no obvious difference in shape among different types of starch nanocrystals. The average particle size of starch nanocrystals was mainly related to crystalline type of native starches. Compared with their native starch counterparts, changes in crystalline diffraction patterns of starch nanocrystals depended on the original botanical source and crystalline structure. Degree of crystallinity, melting temperature, and enthalpy of starch nanocrystals increased, whereas their thermal decomposition temperature decreased. Of six produced starch nanocrystals, potato starch nanocrystal had the lowest yield, degree of crystallinity, and onset and melting temperatures, the largest particle size, and obvious changes in crystalline diffraction pattern.  相似文献   

The sensory field and repeatability of the cutaneous trunci muscle reflex of the dog     

Muguet-Chanoit AC  Olby NJ  Babb KM  Lim JH  Gallagher R  Niman Z  Dillard S  Campbell J 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2011,40(7):781-785

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Two cases of paraprostatic cysts in castrated male dogs     

Goodrich ZJ  Wilke VL  Root Kustritz MV 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(6):e195-e198

Two castrated male dogs presented for evaluation of tenesmus. Presurgical evaluations included complete physical examinations, serum biochemistry, abdominal ultrasonography, and MRI (case 2 only). Paraprostatic cysts were diagnosed in both cases based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography, MRI, and histopathology of tissue samples obtained during exploratory laparotomy. To the authors' knowledge, the two cases presented herein are the first documented cases of paraprostatic cysts that developed after castration in male dogs. Paraprostatic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnoses for castrated male dogs with prostatic disease.  相似文献   

Neuropathologic findings of bromethalin toxicosis in the cat.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D C Dorman  J F Zachary  W B Buck 《Veterinary pathology》1992,29(2):139-144

Ten random source male domestic shorthair cats, 2 to 6 years old and 3.0-4.4 kg body weight, were each given a single oral dose (1.5 mg/kg) of bromethalin (cat Nos. 1-5) or bait vehicle carrier (cat Nos. 6-10). Bromethalin-dosed cats developed a toxic syndrome characterized by ataxia, focal motor seizures, vocalization, decerebrate posture, decreased conscious proprioception, recumbency, depression, and semicoma. Bromethalin-dosed cats were euthanatized if seizure activity or hindlimb paralysis developed. Survival times were 48 hours (cat No. 1), 89 hours (cat No. 2), 90 hours (cat No. 3), and 97 hours (cat No. 4). Control cats (cat Nos. 6-10) and one bromethalin-dosed cat (cat No. 5) were euthanatized on day 20 after dosing. Spongy change (edema--characterized by the formation of vacuoles in extracellular spaces and myelin lamellae), hypertrophied fibrous astrocytes, and hypertrophied oligodendrocytes were observed in the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, and optic nerve of all bromethalin-dosed cats. Spongy change occasionally extended into contiguous cerebellar Purkinje cell layer and cerebral cortical gray matter. The severity of lesions varied among cats but was most pronounced in cat No. 5 (480 hours after dosing). A leukocytic inflammatory response, gitter cell (macrophage) response, or axonal degeneration was not observed in the vacuolated areas. Ultrastructural findings included separation of myelin lamellae at the interperiod lines with the formation of intramyelinic vacuoles (intramyelinic edema), rupture and coalescence of intramyelinic vacuoles into larger extracellular spaces (spongy change), and pronounced cytosolic edema of astrocytes and oligodendroglial cells.  相似文献   

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides stimulate canine and feline immune cell proliferation.   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Catherine M Wernette  Bruce F Smith  Zachary L Barksdale  Rolf Hecker  Henry J Baker 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,84(3-4):223-236

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs may be useful as non-specific immune system stimulants and adjuvants for protein or nucleic acid vaccines in humans and other primates. They may also be useful in cancer immunotherapy and in the modulation of allergic responses or mucosal immunity. To begin to determine the potential utility of CpG ODN technology in small animal veterinary medicine, we developed procedures to analyze the effects of CpG ODN on canine and feline blood, spleen and lymph node (LN) cells. We find that certain CpG ODN cause good lymphocyte proliferation (as monitored by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation) in both canine and feline spleen and LN cells, but not in blood. This overall stimulatory effect of CpG ODN on spleen and LN cells is CpG dependent. The reverse sequences, GpC ODNs, do not cause significant lymphocyte proliferation in the cat; however, dogs are more sensitive to stimulation by the non-specific immune effects of the phosphorothioate backbone. We conclude that unmethylated CpG ODNs may also have potential uses as immune stimulants for vaccines and other antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine for companion animals.  相似文献