The potential of the predatorOrius albidepennis onAgrotis ypsilon as affected byBacillus thuringiensis     

M. Hafez  R. Abol-Ela  Prof Dr. F. N. Zaki  H. S. Salama  M. Ragaei 《Journal of pest science》1997,70(7):127-130

The relation between the pathogenBacillus thuringiensis and the predatorOrius albidepennis (Hem.: Anthocoridae) associated with the greasy cutwormAgrotis ypsilon (Lep.) has been investigated. The biology of the predator showed to be affected in terms of nymphal duration, rate of food consumption and egg production when the predator larvae were fed on treated eggs or neonate larvae of the host (A. ypsilon). The effect of B-exotoxin (thuringiensin) on the predator has been also demonstrated.  相似文献   

Evaluation of four warming procedures to minimise heat loss induced by anaesthesia and surgery in dogs     

Tan C  Govendir M  Zaki S  Miyake Y  Packiarajah P  Malik R 《Australian veterinary journal》2004,82(1-2):65-68

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of four warming procedures, introduced after anaesthetic induction and continued during surgery, in minimising heat loss in anaesthetised dogs. DESIGN: Dogs were paired. One of each pair was a control; the other was subjected to one of four warming procedures. METHODS: Ninety-six dogs were involved in total. Pairs of dogs were matched for breed, hair length, and type of surgical procedure and placed adjacent to each other in a large temperature-controlled surgical theatre. One dog within each pair was assigned to one of four warming procedures that commenced immediately after anaesthetic induction. Group 1 (11 pairs) were placed on a purpose-designed prewarmed (41 degrees C) electrically heated pad. Group 2 (18 pairs) were placed on a prewarmed electric heat pad (41 degrees C), cocooned by four wrapped water bottles (initially 41 degrees C) and subjected to radiant heat (150 watt lamp placed 50 cm away from the head of the dog). Group 3 (11 pairs) were surrounded by a forced air warming mattress (set at 43 degrees C). Group 4 (8 pairs) were connected via the anaesthetic breathing circuit to a heater/humidifier (set at 41 degrees C). Rectal temperature measurements were recorded every 15 min for the first 3 h of anaesthesia. The fall in rectal temperature of the control dog was subtracted from the fall in temperature of the treatment dog and this measurement was used to assess the efficacy of the various warming procedures. RESULTS: The mean rectal temperature of unheated 'control' dogs decreased 1.9 +/- 0.6, 1.4 +/- 0.4 and 1.1 +/- 0.4 degrees C over the first, second and third hour respectively. After 3 h the temperature fall differential for all groups were 0.7 +/- 0.7 (Group 1), 3.1 +/- 1.1 (Group 2), 2.4 +/- 1.1 (Group 3) and 1.0 +/- 1.1 degrees C (Group 4). Thus the group 2 procedure was the most successful in preventing a drop of temperature followed by groups 3, 4 and 1. CONCLUSION: Large dogs undergo significant reduction in core body temperature especially during the first 2 h of anaesthesia and surgery. Supplementary warming substantially reduces this fall in body temperature, although certain warming procedures were found to be more effective than others.  相似文献   

Utilization ofBacillus thuringiensis to controlSpodoptera littoralis in Egyptian clover fields     

H. S. Salama  F. N. Zaki  S. A. Salem  M. S. Foda 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》1999,28(4):21-23

The efficacy of the commercial product Dipel 2X (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki), was assessed as a biological control means of the cotton leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis attacking clover cultivations (Trifolium alexandrinum) in Egypt. Field experiments using the biological agent were carried out in two localities as compared with the conventional chemical insecticide lannate. The percentage of reduction in the larval population increased at higher doses ofB. t. and the infestation levels reached very low levels, almost similar to those obtained after using lannate. The yield of the first cut of clover was estimated. The data obtained indicate that the yield significantly increased after treatment with eitherB. t. or lannate. In Menoufia, the yield was significantly higher after two successive spray applications withB. t. at 750 g/f compared to that obtained withB. t. when used at 500 g/f. In Giza Governorate, the yield was slightly higher after a single treatment withB. t. at 500 g/f as compared with lannate.  相似文献   

The use of sevoflurane in a 2:1 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen for rapid mask induction of anaesthesia in the cat.     

S Tzannes  M Govendir  S Zaki  Y Miyake  P Packiarajah  R Malik 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2000,2(2):83-90

An inhalational technique for rapid induction of anaesthesia in unsedated cats using sevoflurane and nitrous oxide is described. Using a pliable, tight-fitting, face mask, sevoflurane (7.5-8%) was delivered from an out-of-circuit precision vaporiser connected to a coaxial non-rebreathing system using a fresh gas flow of 1 l oxygen and 2 l nitrous oxide per min. Cats were restrained with gentle but firm pressure applied by scruffing the dorsal cervical skin until the righting reflex was lost and the patient could be positioned in lateral recumbency. Typically, cats could be positioned on their side in a light plane of anaesthesia within 1 min of applying the mask, at which time the sevoflurane concentration was reduced to 5% or less. A similar protocol, using a lower initial concentration of sevoflurane, is recommended for old or debilitated patients. Maintenance of light sevoflurane (2-4%) anaesthesia by mask permitted minor interventions to be performed readily, including blood collection, intravenous chemotherapy, abdominal palpation, radiography and ultrasonography. More painful procedures, such as bone marrow aspiration, required a deeper plane of anaesthesia. Cats were sufficiently deep to be intubated, if this was required, about 3 min after commencing the induction. Recovery from sevoflurane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia was smooth and rapid, with most cats being able to right within 5 min of discontinuing the agents. This protocol for rapid inhalational induction and recovery is particularly suited to feline practice, where rendering an uncooperative patient unconscious greatly facilitates the completion of many minor diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, especially when these must be performed on successive days or when peripheral vascular access is limited. For longer procedures, isoflurane may be substituted for sevoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia in order to minimise cost.  相似文献   

The extent to which lipopolysaccharide modulates oxidative stress response in Mugil cephalus juveniles     

Afaf D. Abdel‐Mageid  Abeer Gamal Zaki  Yakout A. El Senosi  Amel M. El Asely  Hanan A. Fahmy  Seham El‐Kassas  Haitham G. Abo‐Al‐Ela 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):426-431

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Effects of dietary marine microalgae,Tetraselmis suecica,on production,gene expression,protein markers and bacterial count of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei     

Zaki Zaki Sharawy  Mohamed Ashour  Eman Abbas  Ola Ashry  Mohamed Helal  Hany Nazmi  Mahmoud Kelany  Abdelwahab Kamel  Mohamed Hassaan  Waldemar Rossi  Ehab El‐Haroun  Ashraf Goda 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2216-2228

The marine flagellated Chlorophyta Tetraselmis suecica is among the most important live food species in marine aquaculture. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of dried marine microalgae, Tetraselmis suecica, on growth performance; feed utilization; chemical composition; gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF‐II) gene of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei; muscle protein polymorphism; and microbial count were assessed and evaluated. Three hundred and sixty L. vannamei (postlarvae) Pls (0.124 ± 0.002 g) were randomly stocked into 40‐L glass aquaria (30 shrimp/aquarium) and fed three times daily four tested diets: a basal diet (control), diet incorporated with 2.5 g kg^?1 dried T. suecica (T1), 5 g kg^?1 dried T. suecica (T2) and 7.5 g kg^?1 dried T. suecica (T3) in triplicates, for 90 days. At the end of the trial, the survival rate (SR) of L. vannamei fed diets supplemented with different levels of T. suecica was significantly (p < .05) higher than the control diet. The highest weight gain and specific growth rate and the best feed conversion ratio were recorded on L. vannamei fed a diet supplemented with a 7.5 g/kg dried T. suecica. The highest protein, lipid and ash contents were obtained in L. vannamei fed the diet containing 7.5 g/kg T. suecica, when compared with the remaining tested diets. The gene expression of antioxidant genes SOD and GPx was the lowest in the T3 group in comparison with the control group. Meanwhile, expression level of IGF‐II was higher in the T2 group. The total heterotrophic bacterial count was significantly (p < .05) increased with the cumulative T. suecica level, while no significant (p > .05) differences were found in the total Vibrio count among treatments. Overall, the present results have shown that the diet supplemented with the highest inclusion level of dried T. suecica resulted in improved growth and nutrient utilization.  相似文献   

Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus     

Afaf D. Abdel‐Mageid  Abeer Gamal Zaki  Yakout A. El Senosi  Hanan A. Fahmy  Amel M. El Asely  Haitham G. Abo‐Al‐Ela  Seham El‐Kassas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1643-1652

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Bioassay guided isolation of mosquito biting deterrent compounds from Strumpfia maritima     

Abbas Ali  Mohamed Ahmed Zaki  Abidah Parveen  Zulfiqar Ali  Ikhlas A Khan 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2342-2346

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Evolutionarily assembled cis-regulatory module at a human ciliopathy locus     

Lee JH  Silhavy JL  Lee JE  Al-Gazali L  Thomas S  Davis EE  Bielas SL  Hill KJ  Iannicelli M  Brancati F  Gabriel SB  Russ C  Logan CV  Sharif SM  Bennett CP  Abe M  Hildebrandt F  Diplas BH  Attié-Bitach T  Katsanis N  Rajab A  Koul R  Sztriha L  Waters ER  Ferro-Novick S  Woods CG  Johnson CA  Valente EM  Zaki MS  Gleeson JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6071):966-969

Neighboring genes are often coordinately expressed within cis-regulatory modules, but evidence that nonparalogous genes share functions in mammals is lacking. Here, we report that mutation of either TMEM138 or TMEM216 causes a phenotypically indistinguishable human ciliopathy, Joubert syndrome. Despite a lack of sequence homology, the genes are aligned in a head-to-tail configuration and joined by chromosomal rearrangement at the amphibian-to-reptile evolutionary transition. Expression of the two genes is mediated by a conserved regulatory element in the noncoding intergenic region. Coordinated expression is important for their interdependent cellular role in vesicular transport to primary cilia. Hence, during vertebrate evolution of genes involved in ciliogenesis, nonparalogous genes were arranged to a functional gene cluster with shared regulatory elements.  相似文献   

High Levels of Heterozygosity Found for 15 SSR Loci in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum chacoense</Emphasis>     

Kathleen G. Haynes  Haitham E. M. Zaki  Christian T. Christensen  Elizabeth Ogden  Lisa J. Rowland  Matthew Kramer  Lincoln Zotarelli 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(6):638-646

Wild species-related germplasm is widely used to introduce new alleles and/or increase heterozygosity in cultivated species. Twenty-four SSR markers, specifically designed for cultivated potatoes, were evaluated to determine the extent of genetic variation within and among ten accessions of Solanum chacoense (chc). Fifteen of these markers were informative: there was no polymorphism in one of the markers, four of the markers showed evidence that more than one locus was being amplified, and the other four markers failed to consistently amplify products. Heterozygosity in these 10 accessions ranged from 33% to 87%. Variation among accessions was the largest proportion of variance for three markers, variation among genotypes within accessions was the largest proportion for three markers, and for the other nine markers variation within genotypes (chromosome to chromosome) was the largest proportion. Genetic similarity averaged 29.5% across markers. Where accessions have already been screened and found to possess the trait of interest, multiple genotypes from those accessions should be evaluated to identify genotypes with the greatest expression of the trait.  相似文献