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有机废水产酸发酵的生理生态学分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过对产酸发酵细菌细胞内生物物理化学及发酵途径分析表明,控制生物产酸发酵类型的主要因素有NADH/NAD+平衡和发酵产物酸性末端数量。根据微生物的生理生态学原理及试验结果分析,证实所发现的乙醇型发酵优于丁酸型发酵和丙酸型发酵。此外,还对氢分压与丙酸积累的相关性提出新的见解。 相似文献
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A model for optimal operation of water supply/irrigation systems of various water quality sources, with treatment plants, multiple water quality conservative factors, and dilution junctions is presented. The objective function includes water cost at the sources, water conveyance costs which account for the hydraulics of the network indirectly, water treatment cost, and yield reduction costs of irrigated crops due to irrigation with poor quality water. The model can be used for systems with supply by canals as well as pipes, which serve both drinking water demands of urban/rural consumers and field irrigation requirements. The general nonlinear optimization problem has been simplified by decomposing it to a problem with linear constraints and nonlinear objective function. This problem is solved using the projected gradient method. The method is demonstrated for a regional water supply system in southern Israel that contains 39 pipes, 37 nodes, 11 sources, 10 agricultural consumers, and 4 domestic consumers. The optimal operation solution is described by discharge and salinity values for all pipes of the network. Sensitivity of the optimal solution to changes in the parameters is examined. The solution was found to be sensitive to the upper limit on drinking water quality, with total cost being reduced by 5% as the upper limit increases from 260 to 600 mg Cl l–1. The effect of income from unit crop yield is more pronounced. An increase of income by a factor of 20 results in an increase of the total cost by a factor of 3, thus encouraging more use of fresh water as long as the marginal cost of water supply is smaller than the marginal decrease in yield loss. The effect of conveyance cost becomes more pronounced as its cost increases. An increase by a factor of 100 results in an increase of the total cost by about 14%. The network studied has a long pipe that connects two distinct parts of the network and permits the supply of fresh water from one part to the other. Increasing the maximum permitted discharge in this pipe from 0 to 200 m3 h–1 reduces the total cost by 11%. Increasing the maximum discharge at one of the sources from 90 to 300 m3 h–1 reduces the total cost by about 8%. 相似文献
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A modern computer-based simulation tool (WaterMan) in the form of a game for on-farm water management was developed for application in training events for farmers, students, and irrigators. The WaterMan game utilizes an interactive framework, thereby allowing the user to develop scenarios and test alternatives in a convenient, risk-free environment. It includes a comprehensive soil water and salt balance calculation algorithm. It also employs heuristic capabilities for modeling all of the important aspects of on-farm water management, and to provide quantitative performance evaluations and practical water management advice to the trainees. Random events (both favorable and unfavorable) and different strategic decisions are included in the game for more realism and to provide an appropriate level of challenge according to player performance. Thus, the ability to anticipate the player skill level, and to reply with random events appropriate to the anticipated level, is provided by the heuristic capabilities used in the software. These heuristic features were developed based on a combination of two artificial intelligence approaches: (1) a pattern recognition approach and (2) reinforcement learning based on a Markov decision processes approach, specifically the Q-learning method. These two approaches were combined in a new way to account for the difference in the effect of actions taken by the player and action taken by the system in the game world. The reward function for the Q-learning method was modified to reflect the suggested classification of the WaterMan game as what is referred to as a partially competitive and partially cooperative game. 相似文献
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微量元素对大豆异黄酮含量和产量构成性状的影响及其相关分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对3个品种施用微量元素,测定其对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量及对产量构成性状的影响,分析了对产量构成性状与异黄酮含量的相关性.结果表明,不同品种间异黄酮含量差异显著,同一品种不同处理间差异不显著.微量元素的配合使用效果在3个品种上均比对照好;在产量构成性状方面,绥农10、绥农14的株高普遍降低,而施用B、Zn、Mo及配施使合丰43增高大于5%;单株结荚数:绥农10和绥农14增加较明显;百粒重:绥农10增加较明显;单株重:三个品种均有不同程度的增加,但绥农14经方差分析差异达到5%显著.相关性分析表明三个品种,不同产量性状均与异黄酮含量无显著的正相关,且多数呈现负相关. 相似文献
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果蝇是为害杨梅果实的主要害虫,目前主要依靠乙基多杀菌素防控,成本较高,急需研究替代药剂,短稳杆菌(Empedobacter brevi)是一种新型细菌杀虫剂,为了明确短稳杆菌的防控效果和对果实品质的影响,本试验在杨梅转色成熟期喷雾,设5个处理,1.00×107、1.25×107和1.67×107短稳杆菌以及30和40 mg/L乙基多杀菌素,清水喷雾做对照。结果表明,与对照相比,5个处理药后7 d的果蝇防效为91.92%-96.76%,各处理间虫果率差异不显著,用药后13 d防效在82.76%-88.27%之间,1.67×107短稳杆菌处理虫果率最低;5个处理的果实可溶性固形物含量提高5.41%-7.21%,其中1.67×107短稳杆菌处理的提高幅度最大,果实硬度显著提高33.21%-46.42%,落果率显著下降37.57%-42.86%,硬度和落果率各处理间差异不显著。综合果蝇防控效果和果实品质等因素,短稳杆菌是防治杨梅果蝇乙基多杀菌素的理想替代药剂,值得在产业上大力推广。 相似文献