大气CO₂浓度缓增对稻田土壤甲烷氧化过程的影响     

刘心  沈李东  田茂辉  杨王挺  金靖昊  王昊宇  胡正华 《土壤学报》2022,59(2):568-579

微生物介导的甲烷好氧氧化,对控制稻田甲烷排放起着重要作用。本文从基因、群落、活性等多个层次上解析CO₂浓度缓增对稻田土壤甲烷好氧氧化过程的影响及其作用机理。依托于田间CO₂浓度自动调控平台,在背景CO₂浓度(AC)基础上,设置了CO₂浓度缓增处理(每年增加40μL·L^-1,持续4年)(EC)。采用室内泥浆培养以及高通量测序和定量PCR技术,对不同CO₂处理下水稻关键生育期(分蘖期、拔节期、扬花期和乳熟期)土壤中的甲烷氧化潜势及其功能微生物的丰度和群落结构进行了系统研究。结果表明：大气CO₂浓度升高促进了稻田甲烷氧化潜势和甲烷氧化菌丰度的增加;CO₂浓度升高还使得土壤中甲烷氧化菌的群落结构发生了显著变化,其优势菌从Ⅱ型菌转变为Ⅰ型菌。CO₂浓度升高所致的土壤中甲烷、氧气浓度以及氮素水平等的改变很可能对稻田甲烷氧化过程产生了重要影响。综合本研究发现,稻田甲烷氧化过程对大气CO₂  相似文献   

压缩天然气加气站的安全设计     

黄郑华  李建华  张良 《油气储运》2005,24(6):46-49

介绍了压缩天然气加气站类型及其工作原理,分析了压缩天然气加气站天然气易燃易爆、易泄漏、高压运行、质量差和站内多种引火源的火灾危险性,并从站的总体布局、天然气储存和质量、站内安全保护装置、设备材质、房间通风、可燃气体检测报警和预防电火花、静电、雷击等方面指出了压缩天然气加气站在消防安全设计中应注意的事项.  相似文献   

黄河中上游流域水沙变异关系模型研究     

落全富  包为民  陈文波  汪勤海  孙青雪  金樊  王正华 《水土保持通报》2021,41(2):156-161

[目的] 开展黄河流域水沙变异关系模型研究,为流域水沙变化研究提供理论支持。[方法] 从黄河中上游流域水沙变异影响因素分析入手,推导出以微分为基础的水沙变异关系模型。[结果] 模型通过黄土高原和黄河中上游流域7个测站控制流域输沙率和流量变异变量的模拟检验,获得了7个流域输沙率和水流变异模拟平均有效性系数为0.860和0.887,平均相对误差分别为14.8%和6.7%。[结论] 从水流变异、泥沙变异模拟精度和各因素变异贡献比例3个层面检验了模型,初步证明了模型结构的合理性和模拟实际泥沙变异具有的高有效性。  相似文献   

Changes in profile distribution and chemical properties of natural nanoparticles in paddy soils as affected by long-term rice cultivation     

Dan HUANG  Xinyu ZHU  Baile XU  Yan HE  Mingkui ZHANG  Fei LIU  Zhenghua LIAN  Randy A. DAHLGREN  Philip C. BROOKES  Jianming XU 《土壤圈》2021,31(5):659-669

Systematic studies on the genesis, properties, and distribution of natural nanoparticles(NNPs) in soil remain scarce. This study examined a soil chronosequence of continuous paddy field land use for periods ranging from 0 to 1 000 years to determine how NNPs in soil changed at the early stages of soil genesis in eastern China. Soil samples were collected from coastal reclaimed paddy fields that were cultivated for 0, 50, 100, 300, 700, and 1 000 years.Natural nanoparticles were isolated and characterized along with bulk soil samples( 2-mm fraction) for selected physical and chemical properties. The NNP content increased with increasing soil cultivation age at 60 g m-2 year-1, which was related to decreasing soil electrical conductivity(172–1 297 μS cm-1) and NNP zeta potentials(from-22 to-36 m V) with increasing soil cultivation age. Changes in several NNP properties, such as pedogenic iron oxide and total organic carbon contents, were consistent with those of the bulk soils across the soil chronosequence. Notably, changes in NNP iron oxide content were obvious and illustrated active chemical weathering, pedogenesis, and potential impacts on the microbial community. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the soil cultivation age was the most important factor affecting NNP properties, contributing 60.7% of the total variation. Cluster and principal component analysis(PCA) revealed splitting of NNP samples into age groups of 50–300 and 700–1 000 years, indicating rapid evolution of NNP properties, after an initial period of desalinization(approximately 50 years). Overall, this study provides new insights into NNP evolution in soil during pedogenesis and predicting their influences on agriculture and ecological risks over millennial-scale rice cultivation.  相似文献   

燃气压送设备的火灾危险性分析与预防     

黄郑华  李建华 《油气储运》2005,24(10):58-60

介绍了燃气压送设备及其特点,分析了燃气压送设备火灾危险性,并针对气体压缩输送设备的火灾爆炸事故的原因和机理提出了相应的防止爆炸性气体混合物形成和"液击"现象,保证设备润滑良好、降低气缸内温度、严格执行操作规程、配置安全设施及维护检查设备等防火防爆技术措施.  相似文献   

九连山保护区米槠群落主要种群空间分布格局研究     

徐国良  汤正华  廖娟 《湖南林业科技》2013,(2):15-19,43

采用方差／均值的t检验法以及负二项式分布指数K、聚块性指数,IP、丛生指标IMorisitar指数对九连山保护区米槠群落的主要乔木种群的分布格局进行了研究。结果表明：该群落重要值排在前17位的种群中,8种为聚集分布,9种为随机分布;该群落中,竞争力较强的种群主要表现为聚集分布,竞争力较弱的种群主要表现为随机分布;种群的不同径级分布格局是,随着径级的增加,先表现为聚集程度的增加,当种群的径级增长到一定程度时又表现为聚集程度的减小;优势灌木的分布格局是,除狗骨柴与山血丹外,树参、草珊瑚、黄楠、鼠刺等4种优势灌木均表现为聚集分布;各优势种群的格局规模都表现为多种格局规模分布。  相似文献   

现场海域人工鱼礁分布状态聚类分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

沈天跃  章守宇  沈蔚  汪振华 《水产学报》2015,39(9):1350-1358

人工鱼礁的流场营造、鱼类诱集等建设目标,一般是通过单位鱼礁、鱼礁群等不同规模的形式实现的;实际投放的成千上百个人工鱼礁处于何种分布状态、它们是否满足单位鱼礁等规模要求,是非常值得关注的课题。本文利用空间聚类分析,借助基于划分的算法、基于层次的算法和基于约束的算法对投放后的鱼礁进行划分、归类或剔除,并选择单位鱼礁的重心、影响面积、鱼礁单体数量以及礁体间距4个指标进行比较分析,探讨人工鱼礁实际的组合聚类模式。结果显示3种空间聚类算法误差的排列顺序为：约束算法<划分算法<层次算法。通过对比分析,在基于约束的聚类算法下,最能反映人工鱼礁的实际集聚情况。  相似文献   

脱叶剂对棉花叶片叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

高丽丽  李淦  康正华  李健伟  王蜜蜂  马云珍  张巨松 《棉花学报》2016,28(4):345-352

利用叶绿素荧光动力学测定技术,对脱叶剂的不同喷施时间条件下棉花叶片光能吸收、传递、转换特性及棉花产量进行了研究。结果表明喷施脱叶剂降低了棉花叶片的光合功能,降低了最大光化学效率(Maximum photochemical efficiency,Fv/Fm)及PSⅡ反应中心开放部分的比例,使初始荧光(Minimal fluorescence,Fo)上升、光合电子传递速率(Electron transport rate,ETR)和PSⅡ总的光化学量子产量(Photosynthetic quantum yield,Yield)降低,提高了非光化学猝灭系数(Non-radiant energy,NPQ),说明脱叶剂胁迫下棉花叶片发生了光抑制,PSⅡ复合体受到损伤伴随着光合电子传递受阻。吐絮率10%时喷施脱叶剂使棉花铃重、衣分、皮棉产量显著低于对照。吐絮率50%时喷施脱吐隆300 g·hm~(-2)+40%乙烯利1200 m L·hm~(-2),第25天棉花脱叶率为90.1%,吐絮率为99.87%,对棉花铃重、衣分及皮棉产量影响最小且更有利于促进叶片脱落和棉铃成熟。  相似文献   

植物多酚的提取与检测研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨正华  马力  陈永忠 《湖南林业科技》2012,39(4):63-65

植物多酚是一类广泛存在于植物体内的多酚类物质,具有独特的活性功能。本文综述了植物多酚的提取和检测方法,并对未来植物多酚的研究方向进行展望。  相似文献   

Experimental Warming Effects on Soil Respiration,Nitrification, and Denitrification in a Winter Wheat-Soybean Rotation Cropland     

Shutao Chen  Yan Liu  Xiaoyan Zhai  Zhenghua Hu 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(2):148-161

A field experiment was conducted to examine responses of soil respiration, nitrification, and denitrification to warming in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) rotation cropland. The results showed that seasonal variations in soil respiration were positively related to seasonal fluctuations in soil temperature. Seasonal mean soil respiration rates for the experimental warming (EW) and control (CK) plots were 3.98 ± 0.43 and 2.54 ± 0.45 μmol m^?2 s^?1, respectively, in the winter wheat growing season, and they were 4.59 ± 0.16 and 4.36 ± 0.08 μmol m^?2 s^?1, respectively, in the soybean growing season. There was a marginally significant level (p = 0.097) for mean nitrification rates between EW and CK plots. Soil temperature and moisture accounted for 58.2% and 58.1% of the seasonal variations observed in the winter wheat and soybean plots, respectively.  相似文献