Spineless cactus associated with Tifton hay or sugarcane bagasse may replace corn silage in sheep diets     

Julimar do Sacramento Ribeiro  Luana Lira Santos  Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior  Tobyas Maia de Albuquerque Mariz  Márcio Machado Ladeira  Paulo Sérgio de Azevedo  Carolyny Batista Lima  Maria Josilaine Matos dos Santos Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):995-1000

The effect of the replacement of corn silage with spineless cactus associated with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse was evaluated on the performance, body weight components and sheep meat quality. Twenty-one Santa Inês male sheep with initial body weight of 22.9 ± 2.9 kg were used. They were confined in individual stalls for 74 days receiving the following diets: corn silage + concentrate (CS); spineless cactus + Tifton 85 hay + concentrate (TH); spineless cactus + sugarcane bagasse + concentrate (SB). After the feedlot period, the animals were slaughtered and their body components were weighed and sampled. Data were submitted to Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The average daily gain (0.25 vs 0.14 kg), cold carcass weight (13.3 vs 13.7 kg), loin muscularity (0.6 vs 0.4 kg) and liver weight (0.7 vs. 0.5 kg) were higher (P < 0.05) for the TH diet when compared to that for the CS. The physical-chemical parameters of meat were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the treatments and presented about 20.1% of crude protein, 6.1% of crude fat and shear force of 2.0 kgf/cm². In complete diets for sheep, Tifton 85 hay associated with spineless cactus provides greater weight gain, cold carcass muscularity and organ weight when compared to those for animals fed with corn silage as exclusive roughage. Sugarcane bagasse associated with spineless cactus may replace corn silage in complete diets for sheep.  相似文献   

Electrochemical and Catalytic Studies of a Supported Photocatalyst Produced from Petrochemical Residue in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Dexamethasone and Guaifenesin Drugs     

William Leonardo da Silva  Marla Azário Lansarin  João Henrique Z. dos Santos  Zenis N. Da Rocha  Iuri Muniz Pepe 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(7):242

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Removal of Reactive Orange 107 Dye from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon from Pinus elliottii Sawdust: a Response Surface Methodology Study     

J. M. Dos Santos  M. L. Felsner  C. A. P. Almeida  K. C. Justi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(9):300

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Methods of adding micronutrients to a NPK formulation and maize development     

Gustavo Alves Santos  Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer  Hamilton Seron Pereira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(9):1266-1282

Micronutrients are essential for plant development; however, micronutrient content in soil often is not sufficient. This study compared availability of boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in the soil and their effect in developing maize plants, supplied from a physical mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) granules and micronutrients or from a granulated mixture of NPK coated with these micronutrients. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a Rhodic Acrustox soil and the formulation 4-30-10 [nitrogen-phosphorus pentoxide-potassium oxide (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)] with 0.1% B, 0.2% Cu, 0.2% Mn, and 0.3% Zn. A randomized block design with four replicates was used and the NPK formula doses used were 0, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 kg/ha. Coated NPK increased Zn levels in soil in 0.5 mg/dm³ in relation to its initial content, also causing an increase in plant dry matter. Compared with mixture, this increase was more than three times greater. Cu and Zn accumulation and Zn absorption were greater when their supply was made via coated granules. The larger dose of B via coated granules resulted in a greater B accumulation in comparison to the mixture. No differences were observed for the other variables when comparing both sources. Coating NPK granules with micronutrients was better than the mixture when comparing B, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the soil. Dry matter production of maize shoots and the accumulation of B, Mn, Cu, and Zn in it was greater when the fertilizer was coated with micronutrients.  相似文献   

Antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin on guinea pig ileum     

da Rocha MB  Souza FV  Estevam Cdos S  Pizza C  Sant'ana AE  Marçal RM 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(7):1286-1290

The antispasmodic effect of 4'-methylepigallocatechin (MEC), which was isolated from Maytenus rigida Mart (Celestraceae), was investigated in vitro in guinea pig intestinal segments. In the isolated ileum, MEC (1 nM-100μM) did not modify the ileal spontaneous tonus or the electrically elicited contractions. MEC (8μM) significantly (p<0.01) reduced the submaximal contractions induced by histamine (2μM), carbachol (100μM) and BaCl(2) (0.03M). An additive relaxing action (p<0.001) was observed by co-incubation of verapamil (10 nM) and MEC (8μM). Although MEC (1nM-100μM) did not modify the contractions elicited by 60mM KCl, it significantly reduced the CaCl(2) contractile response without changing the EC(50) (effective concentration of CaCl(2) causing 50% of maximum response). In brief, these results show that MEC has a potent ileal spasmolytic effect and blocks spasms induced by specific and nonspecific stimuli. Importantly, the spasmolytic effects were attained at low concentrations and might be related to the symptomatic relief of abdominal pain that is obtained from the use of the M. rigida stem bark.  相似文献   

Selection strategies for dairy buffaloes: economic and genetic consequences     

L.O. Seno  J. Fernández  V.L. Cardoso  L.A. García‐Cortes  M. Toro  D.O. Santos  L.G. Albuquerque  G.M.F. de Camargo  H. Tonhati 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(6):488-500

Buffaloes are generally raised in Brazil without milk‐recording programs, and thus without genetic evaluations of any of their traits. This study evaluated the economic impacts of three different selection strategies on buffalo populations and the evolution of genetic trends, genetic variances and inbreeding coefficients resulting from each of them. The selection strategies used were as follows: (i) random selection; (ii) phenotypic selection; and (iii) progeny testing (PT). As the numbers of herds enrolled in milk‐recording programs increased, phenotypic selection and PT strategies increased both monetary benefits and genetic trends. The extra costs of implementing milk recording (MR) and PT procedures were exceeded by the income resulting from better buffalo performance. Progeny testing is known to result in beneficial genetic trends and the use of artificial insemination promoted better distributions of genetic material into herds that were not enrolled in milk‐recording programs. Phenotypic selection and PT increased mean milk production ‐ a key factor in profitability. Inbreeding levels remained stable with phenotypic selection, even as the numbers of MR herds increased. Increases in the numbers of sires that were evaluated reduced the mean inbreeding coefficient in PT. Increasing the number of herds enrolled in milk‐recording programs resulted in increased numbers of sires needed for PT, but this did not increase the inbreeding coefficient. In summary, phenotypic selection and PT strategies appear to be economically viable for buffalo husbandry in south‐eastern Brazil under current (2007–2008) economic conditions and should be encouraged.  相似文献   

Electrocardiographic changes in normal and abnormal canine pregnancy     

Blanco PG  Batista PR  Re NE  Mattioli GA  Arias DO  Gobello C 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):252-256

The aim of this study was to describe the canine electrocardiographic changes in the course of normal and abnormal pregnancy. Twenty-three Brucellosis-negative pregnant bitches were retrospectively classified as normal (n = 12) or abnormal (n = 11). A control group of non-pregnant dioestrous bitches (n = 10) was also included. Normal pregnant females delivered healthy puppies at term while abnormal animals interrupted their pregnancy between days 52-60 (from estimated luteinizing hormone peak) or presented perinatal litter death higher than 60%. All the bitches were electrocardiographically evaluated every 10 days from day 0 to day 65 of the oestrous cycle, to parturition or abortion. Percentage heart rate change increased 31.3% from day 40 to 60 in normal gestation while it decreased -1.8% in dioestrous bitches, although it did not change in the abnormal group (p < 0.01). In the abnormal pregnant group but not in the others, percentage QRSa change fell to -34% on day 60 (p < 0.01). At the same time point, percentage QRSd change was 6.2% vs -4.9% in normal gestations and dioestrous animals, respectively (p < 0.05). Corrected QT interval augmented from day 40 onwards up to 9.9% and 4.3% in the normal pregnant and dioestrous groups, respectively, while it remained unchanged in abnormal gestations (p < 0.05). It is concluded that during normal canine pregnancy, some electrocardiographic parameters begin changing from day 40 onwards, and that pathological gestations differ from normality from day 30. The use of electrocardiography in canine obstetrics might contribute to identify abnormal outcomes before they become clinically evident.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial activity of marine sponges against coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis     

Laport MS  Marinho PR  Santos OC  de Almeida P  Romanos MT  Muricy G  Brito MA  Giambiagi-deMarval M 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,155(2-4):362-368

Bovine mastitis remains worldwide a major challenge for the dairy industry despite the widespread implementation of control strategies. The increasing number of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) causing mastitis and of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics has become a serious problem in recent years. Marine sponges are a rich source of bioactive compounds, and many species can be useful for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. In the present study, 49 CNS strains were isolated from bovine mastitis cases from 21 different dairy herds kept at farms in Southeast Brazil. Strains were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and mecA gene detection. Fifty-nine percent of the CNS strains were resistant to at least one of the drugs tested and 12.2% were classified as multiresistant. Three strains carried the mecA gene, confering resistance to the beta-lactamic antibiotics. In addition, the CNS strains were submitted to in vitro screening for antimicrobial activities of extracts from marine sponges. Extracts from the sponge species Cinachyrella sp., Haliclona sp. and Petromica citrina showed antibacterial activity against 61% of the CNS strains, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. Extracts from P. citrina showed the largest spectrum of inhibitory activity. The aqueous extract inhibited 51% of the CNS strains and presented a bactericidal effect over susceptible and multiresistant-bacteria at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 1.024μg/ml. This study shows the potential of marine sponges as new sources of antibiotics and disinfectants for the control of CNS involved in bovine mastitis.  相似文献   

Preliminary studies on dynamics of the ovarian surface epithelium on the ovulation fossa in mares during the estrous cycle     

Henrique Boll de Araujo Bastos  Gabriel de Oliveira Santos  Murilo Farias Rodrigues  Angélica Pires Neves  Luis Augusto Cruz  Sandra Fiala Rechsteiner  Mara Iolanda Batistella Rubin  Rodrigo Costa Mattos  Adriana Pires Neves 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Influence on pulping yield and pulp properties of wood density of Acacia melanoxylon     

António Santos  Ofélia Anjos  Maria Emília Amaral  Nuno Gil  Helena Pereira  Rogério Sim?es 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(6):479-486

Wood density and pulp yield are key parameters in the evaluation of tree productivity and quality for pulping and their relationships are of high practical importance. The influence of wood density on pulp yield and other pulp quality parameters was investigated using Acacia melanoxylon and its natural variability as a case study. Twenty trees were harvested (five trees in each of four sites in Portugal), and wood discs taken at different height levels, from the base to the top of the tree, providing 100 wood samples, covering the natural variability of wood density ranging from 449?kg?m^?3 to 649?kg?m^?3. Under the same experimental conditions of kraft pulping, screened pulp yield ranged 47.0?C58.2?%, Kappa number 10.9?C18.4, ISO brightness 14.9?C45.6, fibre length 0.660?C0.940?mm and fibre width 16.2?C22.9???m. The pulp yield and Kappa number were not correlated with wood density. Higher pulp yields were associated with lower Kappa numbers and alkali consumption, suggesting the important role of chemical composition of wood on kraft cooking. The results confirm the high pulping potential of Acacia melanoxylon trees grown in Portugal and suggest the possibility of tree selection using both wood density and pulp yield.  相似文献