Epidemiological investigations into the sources of Salmonella contamination of pork     

Swanenburg M  Berends BR  Urlings HA  Snijders JM  van Knapen F 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(9-10):356-359

This study was conducted to elucidate which phases of the pork production chain contribute to the Salmonella contamination on pork after slaughter. During 7 sampling days, samples were collected of randomly selected slaughter pigs and of pigs from selected Salmonella-infected and Salmonella-free herds, trucks, lairages, and slaughterlines, in two slaughterhouses. Salmonella genotypes, present on pork after slaughter, were compared with Salmonella types, present on the farm, in the truck, in the lairage, on slaughter equipment, and in pigs from other herds. Results showed that the slaughterline was the most important source of Salmonella contamination of carcasses. The farm was the most important source of contamination of livers, tongues, rectal samples and mesenterial lymphnodes, for pigs originating from sero-positive herds. The lairage was the most important contamination source for pigs originating from sero-negative herds, for all samples, except carcasses. It is recommended to avoid each direct or indirect contact between different herds along the whole pork production chain, especially between Salmonella-infected and Salmonella-free herds.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of cerebellar cortical degeneration in a Scottish terrier using magnetic resonance imaging     

van der Merwe LL  Lane E 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(8):409-412

Primary cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD), also termed abiotrophy, is the spontaneous premature degeneration of fully differentiated neurological tissue. Cerebellar hypoplasia shares many morphological features with primary CCD, both conditions being characterised by decreased cerebellar size, with reduced numbers of Purkinje and granular cells. CCD has been identified in many canine breeds. This is the first report of the syndrome in a Scottish terrier. The patient presented with mild, gradually progressive ataxia. Survey radiographs of the cervical spine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were normal. CSF distemper and Toxoplasma titres were negative. A diagnosis of cerebellar atrophy was made based on magnetic resonance imaging. The progressive clinical signs suggested cerebellar degeneration rather than hypoplasia. On necropsy, the cerebellum showed macroscopic and microscopic changes consistent with primary CCD.  相似文献   

Is the carrying out of educational fetotomy in the living animal by a student ethical?     

van der Weijden GC 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(5):139-140

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Artificial insemination     

van Lieshout JA 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(2):51-54

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Interview with Dr. Ingrid van der Gaag. 'Fortunately, I don't need much sleep.' (Interview by Sophie Deleu)     

van der Gaag I 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(22):728-729

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Cooperative veterinarian in search and rescue cases must be well considered     

van Wessum R 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(14-15):491

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Morbillivirus in common seals stranded on the coasts of Belgium and northern France during summer 1998     

Jauniaux T  Boseret G  Desmecht M  Haelters J  Manteca C  Tavernier J  van Gompel J  Coignoul F 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(19):587-591

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The sharpening and polishing of dental instruments     

Nijhuis J  van Foreest AW 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(9):317-323

This article describes the maintenance of dental instruments in a companion animal practice, in particular the correct sharpening techniques for tartar scrapers, curettes, excavators, and elevators. Sharp instruments are essential for the quality and speed of dental care.  相似文献   

Canine von Willebrand's disease type 2 in German wirehair pointers in the Netherlands     

van Dongen AM  van Leeuwen M  Slappendel RJ 《The Veterinary record》2001,148(3):80-82

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Human health hazards associated with the administration of antimicrobials to slaughter animals. Part II. An assessment of the risks of resistant bacteria in pigs and pork     

Berends BR  van den Bogaard AE  Van Knapen F  Snijders JM 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(1):10-21

Risks for the consumer regarding the acquisition of resistant bacteria and/or resistance genes via the consumption of pork are discussed. In general, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli that originate from animals do not easily transfer their resistance genes to the resident intestinal flora of humans. The prevalence of resistant E. coli in humans seems more associated with being a vegetarian (odds ratio (OR) 1.89) than with the consumption of meat and meat products. Other risk factors are treatment with antimicrobials (OR 2-5), becoming hospitalized (OR 5.93), or working in a health setting (OR 4.38). In the Netherlands, annually an estimated 45,000 people (0-150,000) become a carrier of resistant E. coli and/or resistance genes that ori ginate from pigs, while an estimated 345,000 persons (175,000-600,000) become a carrier of resistant E. coli and/or resistance genes that originate from hospitals, e.g. other patients. Any problems with resistant Salmonella spp. that stem from pigs are, in fact, an integral part of the total problem of food-borne salmonellosis. Sometimes there are outbreaks of a specific multi-resistant clone of S. typhimurium that causes problems in both farm animals and humans. The probability that in the next 30 years there is no or maximally one outbreak of a specific clone that originates from pig herds is estimated at about 75%. Antimicrobials used as a growth promoter can have a measurable influence on the prevalence of resistant bacteria. The likely chain of events regarding avoparcin and the selection and dissemination of resistance against vancomycin in the enterococci gives the impression that the impact of the use of antimicrobials in animals on the prevalence of resistance in humans is largely determined by whether resistance genes are, or become, located on a self-transferable transposon. Furthermore, consumer health risks of antimicrobials used in slaughter pigs are mainly determined by the selection and dissemination of bacterial resistance and much less by the toxicological properties of any residues in pork. It is also concluded that most of the problems with resistant bacteria in humans are associated with the medical use of antimicrobials, and that the impact of particularly the veterinary use of antimicrobials is limited. However, the impact of antimicrobials used as a feed additive appears to be much greater than that of antimicrobials used for strictly veterinary purposes. The use of antimicrobials as a feed additive should therefore be seriously reconsidered.  相似文献