STUDIES ON DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSE OF SPRING CANOLA CULTIVARS TO BORON TOXICITY     

Ö. Öztürk  S. Soylu  R. Ada  S. Gezgin  M. Babaoglu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1141-1154

Although many states recommend boron (B) fertilizer for many field crops, information about B toxicity of canola is lacking. This experiment was carried out at Central Anatolia, Turkey from 2002 to 2003, to determine genotypic range in B efficiency of eight spring canola cultivars, to identify the B-inefficient cultivars and to identify specific responses. The cultivars were grown under B moderate deficiency (extractable B 0.56 mg kg^?1) and toxic B applied (15 kg B ha^?1) conditions. According to the results, seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars and B application decreased the seed yield by 31% on average. Also, toxic B application reduced protein and oil contents similar to seed yield, and increased leaf B concentration in all varieties. This study has shown that leaf B concentration has increased considerably when B is applied to Pactol and Star cultivars, but seed yield of +B and ?B has not shown significantly a change. It is possible to say that Star and Pactol—which have not been affected by the toxic B application—are genotypes that are tolerant to B toxicity and may be cultivated at B toxic lands.  相似文献   

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SALAD ROCKET GROWN IN DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR     

Özlem Tuncay  Dursun Eşiyok  Bülent Yağmur  Bülent Okur 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(4):477-491

The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha^?1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha^?1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha^?1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg^?1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food.  相似文献   

Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in Turkey reveals expansion and spread of dominant clonal lineages and virulence     

Mehmet E. Göre  Nedim Altın  Kevin Myers  David E. L. Cooke  William E. Fry  Göksel Özer 《Plant pathology》2021,70(4):898-911

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is considered the most important and destructive disease of potato in Turkey. In this study, characterization of 367 isolates of P. infestans obtained from the potato-growing areas of the country was carried out to evaluate the pathogen population structure over the 2017–2019 production seasons. The isolates were characterized by numerous features including mating type, in vitro mefenoxam sensitivity, simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and virulence against a set of potato differential lines. Most isolates were A2 mating type (353 isolates). Also, 68% of isolates were resistant to mefenoxam; the remainder were intermediate in their sensitivity and there were no sensitive isolates. SSR-based genotypic analysis of P. infestans populations showed a low genetic diversity. The 13_A2 clonal lineage predominated with a frequency of 92.1%, followed by 34_A1 (3.3%) and 37_A2 (2.7%). Genotypes 34_A1 and 37_A2 were detected only in 2019. This is the first report of 34_A1 and 37_A2 clonal lineages causing late blight disease of potato in Turkey. The most abundant virulence type was one overcoming resistance genes R1, R2, R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, and R11. These results emphasized that the migration of individuals and the asexual generation of subclonal differences were the main factors driving the population structure of P. infestans in Turkey.  相似文献   

Genotype X environment interactions in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)     

Metin B. Yildirim  Celal F. ÇaliŞkan 《American Journal of Potato Research》1985,62(7):371-375

Genotype X environment interactions were estimated for several traits in potato from a combined analysis of 11 genotypes grown at 3 locations for 2 years. Genotype X location X year and Genotype X location interactions were significant for the majority of the traits studied. Yield, reducing sugar content, dry matter content, leaf area, plant height and starch content should be tested over multiple locations and years in order to separate the genotype × environment interaction components from the total genotypic variance.  相似文献   

Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Production in Adıyaman Province     

Gökdoğan  Osman  Baran  Mehmet Fırat  Eren  Ömer  Oğuz  Halil İbrahim 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):291-297

The purpose of this research is to perform the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of pistachio production. This research was performed for 2016 and 2017 production season in Ad?yaman province of Turkey in dry conditions in 2017. The data supplied from research were collected from 152 different farms by face to face surveys with simple random sampling method. The agricultural input energies and output energies used in pistachio production were computed to determine the energy use efficiency. According to the research findings, the energy inputs in pistachio production were computed respectively as 4561.11?MJ ha^?1 (35.50%) diesel fuel energy, 3206.24?MJ ha^?1 (24.96%) chemical fertilizers energy, 2420.93?MJ ha^?1 (18.84%) machinery energy, 1020.06?MJ ha^?1 (7.94%) human labour energy, 715.69?MJ ha^?1 (5.57%) animal labour energy, 656.95?MJ ha^?1 (5.11%) farmyard manure energy and 266.16?MJ ha^?1 (2.07%) chemicals energy. Total input energy was computed as 12,847.14?MJ ha^?1. Energy values of pistachio yield were computed as 15,008.65?MJ ha^?1. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy computations were computed respectively as 1.17, 22.32?MJ kg^?1, 0.04?kg MJ^?1 and 2161.51?MJ ha^?1. The consumed total energy input in pistachio production can be classified as 49.01% direct, 50.99% indirect, 18.62% renewable and 81.38% non-renewable. Total GHG emission was computed as 1123.72?kg CO_2?eqha^?1 for pistachio production with the greatest portions for human labour (32.42%). The human labour followed up chemical fertilizers usage (23.21%), diesel fuel consumption (19.89%), machinery usage (15.30%), farmyard manure usage (5.65%), chemicals usage (3.25%) and animal labour usage (0.27%), respectively. Additionally, GHG ratio value was computed as 1.95 kgCO_2?eqkg^?1 in pistachio production.

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Molecular Characterization of Some Apple Accessions Using DNA Markers Associated with Fruit Skin and Flesh Colour     

Aksu  Mehmet  Şahin-Çevik  Mehtap 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2022,64(2):191-200

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is one of the most widely grown and economically important fruit crops in the world. Skin colour is one of the most important criteria for marketing of apple fruits. Thus, improving fruit colouring is one of the main objectives of apple breeding programs. Even though environmental conditions may affect the colouring of apple, understanding the genetic basis of colouring is important to accelerate the breeding process. In recent years, molecular biology and genetic studies were conducted to explore the molecular basis of colouring in apple. Many genes responsible for the anthocyanin synthesis were identified and their associations with colouring of apple fruit flesh and/or skin were demonstrated. In addition, some DNA markers associated with fruit flesh and skin colour have been developed for screening apple cultivars and hybrids. In this study, 90 apple accessions of international, national, and local decents were selected from the genetic resources collection. Genomic DNA was isolated from leaf tissue of all acession and screened with four different DNA markers associated with fruit flesh and skin colour. Apple accessions in the collection were characterized and their genotypes and genetic potential for fruit colouration were determined by different DNA markers. Additionally, the use of these DNA markers in different apple accessions, well-characterized cultivars and uncharacterized local and national types were investigated.

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The Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum,the Causal Agent of Potato Rot     

Çakar  Gözdenur  Tozlu  Elif 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(2):305-315

This study was carried out in vivo and in vitro to search the biological control possibilities of soil borne dry rot causal agent Fusarium oxysporum causing yield losses in potato. In this study, 2 Pantoea agglomerans (BRTB and RK-92), 2 Bacillus pumilus (RK-103 and TV-67C), 7 Bacillus subtilis (BAB-140, TV-12H, TV-6F, EK?7, TV-17C, CP?1 and TV-125A), 3 Bacillus megaterium (TV-103B, TV-87A and TV-91C), 1 Ochrobactrum anthropi (A-16B), 1 Agrobacterium radiobacter (A-16) and 1 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (BAB-410) bacterial and 2 Trichoderma harzianum (ET 4 and ET 14) fungal isolates tested efficacy in previous studies were used. In pot trial, the experiment was established with the most effective five bacterial strains (BRTB 66.22%; RK-103, 50.90%; BAB-140 50.00%; TV-103B 49.10%; TV-12H 48.65% and TV-6F 48.20%) and two fungal isolates (ET 4; 69.44%, ET 14; 66.66%). BRTB, the most effective bacterial strain, prevented completely the development of the pathogen. Based on the application time of BRTB, infection was not observed on seedlings on growing from tubers inoculated with pathogen 4?h after dipping into the bacterial solution. In storage treatments, BRTB was the most efficacy isolate when compared with others. As a result, BRTB strain of Pantoea agglomerans can be candidate in the biological control of F. oxysporum.

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Assessment of compost and three biochars associated with Ailanthus altissima (Miller) Swingle for lead and arsenic stabilization in a post-mining Technosol     

Ibrahim ALIDOU-ARZIKA  Manhattan LEBRUN  Florie MIARD  Romain NANDILLON  Gülriz BAYÇU  Sylvain BOURGERIE  Domenico MORABITO 《土壤圈》2021,31(6):944-953

The elevated presence of metal(loid)s in the environment significantly impacts ecosystems and human health and is generally largely due to industrial and mining activities. Thus, in the current study, we investigated and proposed an environmentally friendly method (phytomanagement) aimed at reducing the negative impacts associated with metal(loid) pollution through the use of soil amendments (biochar and compost) to permit Ailanthus altissima growth on a highly contaminated mining Technosol, with arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) contents of 539.06 and 11 453 mg kg^-1, respectively. The objective was to examine the impacts of three biochars and compost on i) the physicochemical characteristics of soil, ii) metal(loid) immobilization in soil, and iii) A. altissima growth. We revealed that the application of biochar as a soil amendment improved soil conditions by increasing soil electrical conductivity, pH, and water-holding capacity. Moreover, concomitantly, we observed a large reduction (99%) in Pb mobility and availability following application of the hardwood biochar in combination with compost (HBCP). Thus, this combined soil amendment was most effective in promoting A. altissima growth. In addition, the HBCP treatment prevented As translocation in the upper parts of plants, although soil pore water As concentration was not diminished by amendment application.  相似文献   

Relationship between the shell membrane‐shell bond and shell deformation in hens’ eggs     

J. Örberg 《British poultry science》1990,31(2):249-254

1. The influence of the shell membranes on shell strength was studied in 21 Single Comb White Leghorn eggs.

2. Shell deformation and shell thickness were plotted for each egg and the regression line was calculated. The difference between the observed shell deformation and that predicted by the regression line was calculated for each egg and this distance, with changed sign, was called the shell deformation index.

3. The force needed to separate the shell membranes from a 10 mm wide strip of the shell was determined by a tensile testing machine and was termed attachment strength.

4. The correlation between shell deformation index and attachment strength was highly significant (r=0.88, P<0.0005). Thus the shell membranes contribute to shell strength, probably by serving as a reinforcement of the crystalline part of the shell.  相似文献   

Effects of vitamin and mineral premix withdrawal from diets on carcass and meat quality of feedlot steers     

Beyzi  Selma Büyükkılıç  Konca  Yusuf  Köknur  Özlem  Köknur  Sebahattin  Yalçın  Hasan  Uddin  Muhammad Jasim  Çınar  Mehmet Ulaş 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):1919-1925

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The primary objective of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin and mineral premix (VMP) withdrawal from the diets 30 and 60&nbsp;days...  相似文献