犊牛腹泻的综合防治方法浅谈     

吐尼牙孜?卡斯木 《吉林畜牧兽医》2021,42(7):76-77

犊牛腹泻是在犊牛身上极为常见的一种疾病,如果得不到及时医治,会让犊牛的死亡率增加.犊牛正处于哺乳期,免疫力比较低,对于一些细菌和病毒的入侵都没有什么抵抗力,而且犊牛的肠胃极其容易受到细菌和病毒的感染,所以牛初乳对于犊牛的饲养是非常重要的,为了提高犊牛的成活率,让犊牛健康成长,就需要寻找综合防治犊牛腹泻的方法,加强犊牛的饲养管理,从而让犊牛能够健康成长.  相似文献   

牟柿逡滴穹桨干杓粕蚱嫱本┯实绱笱С炭     

亟换患际跤胪ㄐ磐抑氐闶笛槭? 《新疆农业科学》2004,(Z1)

0070003000476-77卫星通信与“村村通”电话工程丛海嵩亚洲卫星有限公司0通讯世界Telecom World75TN927.2I136;9;II136_9;丛海嵩000700030010000478千兆以太网测试解决方案(下)美国胜利电讯公司0通讯世界Telecom  相似文献   

Growth and nutrient accumulation of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in agroforestry at different fertilizer levels     

G?tz Schroth  Maria do Socorro Souza da Mota  Maria Elizabeth de Assis Elias 《林业研究》2015,26(2):347-353

The Brazil nut tree(Bertholletia excelsa) is a frequent component of agroforestry systems in the Amazon because of its adaptation to nutrient-poor upland soils and multiple uses.We investigated the aboveground biomass production(kg dry weight),nutrient uptake and requirements(N,P,Ca,Mg,K) of Brazil nut trees of different sizes grown under agroforestry conditions and fertilized at different levels.Eight of 70 experimental trees with different size were harvested and stem,branches and leaves were separated.Nutrient contents were determined for three trees of varying size.Average tree growth was fast,but variability was high,suggesting considerable potential for the improvement of this economically important species.The trees responded to increased levels of fertilizer and lime with significantly increased foliar nutrient contents and growth,probably because of the improved availability of Mg and Ca for which the species seems to have a relatively high demand.In contrast to Brazil nut trees grown in forest or dense plantations,the agroforestry trees invested a substantial part of their biomass and nutrients in large branches and developed spreading crowns.To improve stem form,reduce competition with associated crops for light and recycle nutrients,regular pruning of lower branches or planting arrangements that favor self-pruning are recommended.These measures would also increase the recycling of Ca and Mg,large quantities of which are contained in the branches.  相似文献   

Why cuckoos should parasitize parrotbills by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the egg appearance of parrotbill hosts?     

Canchao Yang  Fugo Takasu  Wei Liang  Anders P M?ller 《中国鸟类》2015,(2):53-59

The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some puzzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos parasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matching the egg morphs of their hosts is one of the mysteries of the cuckoo problem. Scientists tend to believe that cuckoos lay eggs matching the appearance of host eggs due to selection caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs.In this paper, we first review previous empirical studies to test this mystery and found no studies have provided direct evidence of cuckoos choosing to parasitize host nests where egg color and pattern match. We then present examples of unmatched cuckoo eggs in host nests and key life history traits of cuckoos, e.g. secretive behavior and rapid egg-laying and link them to cuckoo egg laying behavior. Finally we develop a conceptual model to demonstrate the egg laying behaviour of cuckoos and propose an empirical test that can provide direct evidence of the egg-laying properties of female cuckoos. We speculate that the degree of egg matching between cuckoo eggs and those of the host as detected by humans is caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs, rather than the selection of matching host eggs by cuckoos. The case of Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) and their parrotbill hosts(Paradoxornis alphonsianus), where it has been shown that both have evolved polymorphic eggs(mainly blue and white), was used to develop a conceptual model to demonstrate why cuckoos should utilize parrotbill hosts by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the appearance of host eggs.In conclusion, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that cuckoos lay eggs based on own egg color matching that of the parrotbill-cuckoo system. We argue theoretically that laying eggs matching those of the hosts in this system violates a key trait of the life history of cuckoos and therefore should be maladaptive.  相似文献   

Changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis for primiparous Holstein dairy cows during early lactation     

Kasey M Moyes  Torben Larsen  Peter S?rensen  Klaus L Ingvartsen 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,(1):37-46

Background:The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk during IMI challenge with Escherichia coli(E.coli) for dairy cows during early lactation.Thirty,healthy primiparous Holstein cows were infused(h = 0) with-20-40 cfu of live ? coli into one front mammary quarter at ~4-6wk in lactation.Daily feed intake and milk yield were recorded.At-12,0,3,6,12,18,24,36,48,60,72,96,108,120,132,144,156,168,180 and 192 h relative to challenge rectal temperatures were recorded and quarter foremilk was collected for analysis of shedding of E.coli.Composite milk samples were collected at-180,-132,-84,-36,-12,12,24,36,48,60,72,84,96,132 and 180 h relative to challenge(h = 0) and analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),somatic cell count,fat,protein,lactose,citrate,beta-hydroxybutyrate(BHBA),free glucose(fglu),and glucose-6-phosphate(G6P).Blood was collected at-12,0,3,6,12,18,24,36,60,72,84,132 and 180 h relative to challenge and analyzed for plasma non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA),BHBA and glucose concentration.A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the effect of IMI challenge on metabolic responses of cows during early lactation.Results:By 12 h,E.coli was recovered from challenged quarters and shedding continued through 72 h.Rectal temperature peaked by 12 h post-challenge and returned to pre-challenge values by 36 h post-IMI challenge.Daily feed intake and milk yield decreased(P 0.05) by 1 and 2 d,respectively,after mastitis challenge.Plasma BHBA decreased(12 h;P 0.05) from 0.96 ± 1.1 at 0 h to 0.57 ±0.64 mmol/L by 18 h whereas concentration of plasma NEFA(18 h) and glucose(24 h) were significantly greater,11 and 27%,respectively,after challenge.In milk,fglu,lactose,citrate,fat and protein yield were lower whereas yield of BHBA and G6 P were higher after challenge when compared to pre-challenge values.Conclusions:Changes in metabolites in blood and milk were most likely associated with drops in feed intake and milk yield.However,the early rise in plasma NEFA may also signify enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis.Lower concentrations of plasma BHBA may be attributed to an increase transfer into milk after IMI.Decreases in both milk lactose yield and%after challenge may be partly attributed to reduced conversion of fglu to lactose.Rises in G6 P yield and concentration in milk after challenge(24 h) may signify increased conversion of fglu to G6 P.Results identify changes in various metabolic parameters in blood and milk after IMI challenge with E.coli in dairy cows that may partly explain the partitioning of nutrients and changes in milk components after IMI for cows during early lactation.  相似文献   

Compressive failure of spruce wood rings reinforced with glass epoxy composite     

Nurdan ?etin Yerlikaya  Alaattin Aktas 《林业研究》2015,26(2):517-522

We experimentally tested under radial compressive loads and statistically analyzed rings constructed from spruce wood and reinforced with glass fiber.We used the Weibull distribution in statistical analysis,and tested five types of rings including unreinforced and composite reinforced(CR) as wound around the ring,oriented as two layers at angles of 45°,60°,75° and 90° to the column axis.We calculated 95 % reliability of load carrying capacity of the rings by Weibull distribution.The highest load carrying capacity was obtained with CR rings at 60° to the axial axis of the ring.Load carrying capacities of rings at CR90,CR75,CR60 and CR45 were 137,192,215 and 126 %greater,respectively,than unreinforced rings.For unreinforced rings,failures resulted from catastrophic breaking of wood materials.None of the reinforced rings failed catastrophically because the outer surface of the rings was reinforced with glass–epoxy composite fiber.Cracks began at the core of the materials under the composite layer for all specimens and resulted in failure of the rings.  相似文献   

露地洋葱水肥一体化优质高产栽培技术     

丁磊  乔龙巴图?阿热勒莫尔根  邓群珍  丁逸  杨莉 《农村科技》2022,(1):54-56

近年来,人们对洋葱需求量逐年增加,而实现洋葱规模化种植是满足市场需求和提高品质的最好方法.本文通过生产实践调查,从地块选择、种子处理、播种技术、田间管理、适时收获等方面总结洋葱水肥一体化优质高产栽培管理技术,供种植户参考.  相似文献   

IFA和ELISA检测J亚群禽白血病病毒的比较研究     

董宣  刘娟  李德庆  崔治中  赵鹏? 《中国家禽》2014,(2)

为比较3种禽白血病病毒(ALV)抗原检测ELISA试剂盒的特异性和灵敏度,将J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)传染性克隆rNX0101株以病毒原液(9×103TCID50)、10倍病毒稀释液(9×102TCID50)、100倍病毒稀释液(90 TCID50)接种培养于6孔板的DF1细胞,每孔均提前放入灭菌的细胞爬片,于接种后第1~6天每天取上清用3种ELISA试剂盒(A、B、C)检测ALV p27抗原,同时在接种后的第3天和第6天取出细胞爬片进行间接免疫荧光法(IFA)检测。结果表明,IFA方法对高、中、低剂量接种3 d后均可检出ALV-J的感染,而ELISA试剂盒中只有A试剂盒在高剂量接种时才能检出,试剂盒B和试剂盒C最早要在第4天才可检出;中、低剂量接种,3种试剂盒在第4~5天才能检出;第6天时,由于病毒的明显复制,无论IFA方法还是3种ELISA试剂盒都可检出ALV-J的感染。本研究结果为正确选择商品化禽白血病抗原检测试剂盒提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

还田时期对绿肥用油菜腐解与养分释放规律的影响          下载免费PDF全文

苏港  王怡针  吴锡冬  李子芳  臧凤艳  王金龙  葛均筑? 《中国土壤与肥料》2022,(12):192-199

探讨绿肥用油菜还田时期对干物质腐解与养分释放规律的影响,以期为华北地区油菜用作绿肥及后茬作物减氮增效提供理论依据。采用尼龙网袋埋田法研究了绿肥油菜初花期(G1)、盛花期(G2)和角果成熟期(G3)还田的干物质腐解与养分释放规律。结果表明,G1 处理油菜还田干物质量比G2 和G3 处理显著减少45.43% 和46.87%;G1 和G2 处理还田时碳含量低于G3 处理,G1 处理氮和磷含量最高,分别为28.17 和5.21 g/kg,钾含量表现为G1>G2>G3,G1 与G3 处理差异显著。绿肥油菜还田后分快速、中速和慢速腐解3 个阶段,持续期分别为还田后0 ～ 17、18 ～ 45 和46 ～ 123 d,阶段内累积腐解率分别达44.27% ～ 66.87%、12.56% ～ 29.18% 和4.49% ～ 13.81%,最终累积腐解率达60.53% ～ 91.87%;G1 和G2 处理间腐解率无显著差异,但显著高于G3 处理。绿肥油菜还田后碳、氮、磷和钾释放率与腐解率对应亦表现为前期快速释放、中期缓慢释放、后期趋于平稳的规律,且养分累积释放率均表现为钾> 碳> 氮> 磷。经腐解,G1 处理碳、氮、磷和钾累积释放率分别为94.70%、92.97%、88.76% 和93.26%,G2 处理分别为84.25%、86.32%、86.51% 和92.52%,G3 处理分别为72.52%、59.97%、68.54%和87.67%;G2 处理氮、磷和钾释放量最高,分别为125.15、22.88 和50.42 kg/hm²,且G2 处理氮、磷释放量显著高于G1 和G3 处理,G2 处理的钾释放量与G3 处理无明显差异。综上所述,华北地区绿肥油菜在盛花期还田干物质量大且氮、磷、钾释放量最高,是最适宜的还田时期,可为下茬作物减施化肥提供技术支撑与理论依据。  相似文献   

Virtual Studio System Technology     

QIAO Yu  HUANG Xi? yue  CHAI Yi 《保鲜与加工》2003,(1):38

Virtual studio system (VSS), a new technology based on virtual reality, develops fast in recent years. Virtual studio concept replaces real background sets with computer generated 3D synthetic and combines real foreground action, with computer generated backgrounds. As VSS need not construct real background sets and has little limitness of time and space, it is regarded as a revolution in TV programs. This paper mainly discusses about the background, technology feature, application and future.  相似文献