Principles of veterinary bioethics     

Fox MW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(5):666-667

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More on dry diets and lower urinary tract disease     

Fox MW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,229(1):27; author reply 27

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Generation of leaf shape through early patterns of growth and tissue polarity     

Kuchen EE  Fox S  de Reuille PB  Kennaway R  Bensmihen S  Avondo J  Calder GM  Southam P  Robinson S  Bangham A  Coen E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6072):1092-1096

A major challenge in biology is to understand how buds comprising a few cells can give rise to complex plant and animal appendages like leaves or limbs. We address this problem through a combination of time-lapse imaging, clonal analysis, and computational modeling. We arrive at a model that shows how leaf shape can arise through feedback between early patterns of oriented growth and tissue deformation. Experimental tests through partial leaf ablation support this model and allow reevaluation of previous experimental studies. Our model allows a range of observed leaf shapes to be generated and predicts observed clone patterns in different species. Thus, our experimentally validated model may underlie the development and evolution of diverse organ shapes.  相似文献   

Associations between weather conditions during the first 45 days after feedlot arrival and daily respiratory disease risks in autumn-placed feeder cattle in the United States     

Cernicchiaro N  Renter DG  White BJ  Babcock AH  Fox JT 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(4):1328-1337

Data on associations between weather conditions and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity in autumn-placed feedlot cattle are sparse. The goal of our study was to quantify how different weather variables during corresponding lag periods (considering up to 7 d before the day of disease measure) were associated with daily BRD incidence during the first 45 d of the feeding period based on a post hoc analysis of existing feedlot operational data. Our study population included 1,904 cohorts of feeder cattle (representing 288,388 total cattle) that arrived to 9 US commercial feedlots during September to November in 2005 to 2007. There were 24,947 total cases of initial respiratory disease (animals diagnosed by the feedlots with BRD and subsequently treated with an antimicrobial). The mean number of BRD cases during the study period (the first 45 d after arrival) was 0.3 cases per day per cohort (range = 0 to 53.0), and cumulative BRD incidence risks ranged from 0 to 36% within cattle cohorts. Data were analyzed with a multivariable mixed-effects binomial regression model. Results indicate that several weather factors (maximum wind speed, mean wind chill temperature, and temperature change in different lag periods) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with increased daily BRD incidence, but their effects depended on several cattle demographic factors (month of arrival, BRD risk code, BW class, and cohort size). In addition, month and year of arrival, sex of the cohort, days on feed, mean BW of the cohort at entry, predicted BRD risk designation of the cohort (high or low risk), cohort size, and the interaction between BRD risk code and arrival year were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with daily BRD incidence. Our results demonstrate that weather conditions are significantly associated with BRD risk in populations of feedlot cattle. Defining these conditions for specific cattle populations may enable cattle health managers to predict and potentially manage these effects more effectively; further, estimates of effects may contribute to the development of quantitative predictive models for this important disease syndrome.  相似文献   

Survey of Aelurostrongylus in cats     

Brickman K  Lewis B  Guitian J  Fox M 《The Veterinary record》2012,170(18):472

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Surveillance of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Irish bovine dairy herds     

Lynch MJ  Fox EM  O'Connor L  Jordan K  Murphy M 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(4):264-271

Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are highly significant zoonotic threats to public health, and have been the causative agent implicated in numerous high-profile outbreaks affecting large numbers of people. Serovar O157 is most frequently linked with human illness; however, other serovars, such as O26, O103, O111 and O145, have also been implicated. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and virulence determinants of these five serovars in Irish dairy farm herds, and their milk. Using real-time PCR (RTi-PCR), bovine rectal faecal swabs and raw milk samples, along with milk filters, were screened for the presence of vt genes. Positive samples were then screened for the five serovars using sero-specific PCR. Serovar-positive samples were subjected to immunomagnetic separation, to isolate viable VTEC strains. These isolates were subsequently screened for four virulence factors: vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA. Three hundred and eighty six of the 600 rectal faecal swabs, 85 of the 117 milk-filters and 43 of the 120 bulk-tank milk samples, were positive for vt genes. From these 514 total vt-positive samples, 58 O26, 162 O103, 1 O111, 324 O145 and 26 O157 positives were detected by sero-specific RTi-PCR. Immunomagnetic separation yielded 12 O26, 26 O103, 0 O111, 19 O145 and 10 O157 isolates. Ten of these isolates contained at least one of the four virulence determinants screened for (i.e. vt1, vt2, eaeA and hlyA). Of these 10 isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that two of the O26 isolates from different farms were indistinguishable. Two O157 isolates were also indistinguishable. This study found serovars O103 and O145 to be the most prevalent in samples tested. Apart from the occurrence of VTEC in dairy herds, this study shows a high occurrence of vt genes in the environment, creating the possibility of horizontal gene transfer and emergence of new VTEC strains.  相似文献   

Effect of NT-pro-BNP assay on accuracy and confidence of general practitioners in diagnosing heart failure or respiratory disease in cats with respiratory signs     

Singletary GE  Rush JE  Fox PR  Stepien RL  Oyama MA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(3):542-546

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一种新型丁醇产生菌的鉴定及发酵条件初探     

郑炬  曹广丽  杨谦 《安徽农业科学》2013,41(10):4259-4261,4279

[目的]对一株新型丁醇产生菌进行鉴定,并研究其发酵条件。[方法]通过富集培养、分离筛选纯化微生物菌株,利用气相色谱仪检测分离菌株的丁醇产量,并利用形态学观察、生理生化分析及16S rDNA分子鉴定确定分离菌株的种类。[结果]试验得到一株高产丁醇菌HIT1,其发酵时适宜的葡萄糖浓度为25 g/L,适宜的发酵初始pH为6.5,且与酵母粉相比,其能更好地利用蛋白胨作为氮源;试验确定HIT1为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。[结论]该研究在一定程度上拓宽了产丁醇菌种的资源库,为综合开发利用生物丁醇奠定了菌种多样性基础。  相似文献   

Public health nutrition practice in Canada: a situational assessment     

Fox A  Chenhall C  Traynor M  Scythes C  Bellman J 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(8):773-781

OBJECTIVE: Renewed focus on public health has brought about considerable interest in workforce development among public health nutrition professionals in Canada. The present article describes a situational assessment of public health nutrition practice in Canada that will be used to guide future workforce development efforts. METHODS: A situational assessment is a planning approach that considers strengths and opportunities as well as needs and challenges, and emphasizes stakeholder participation. This situational assessment consisted of four components: a systematic review of literature on public health nutrition workforce issues; key informant interviews; a PEEST (political, economic, environmental, social, technological) factor analysis; and a consensus meeting. FINDINGS:Information gathered from these sources identified key nutrition and health concerns of the population; the need to define public health nutrition practice, roles and functions; demand for increased training, education and leadership opportunities; inconsistent qualification requirements across the country; and the desire for a common vision among practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the situational assessment were used to create a three-year public health nutrition workforce development strategy. Specific objectives of the strategy are to define public health nutrition practice in Canada, develop competencies, collaborate with other disciplines, and begin to establish a new professional group or leadership structure to promote and enhance public health nutrition practice. The process of conducting the situational assessment not only provided valuable information for planning purposes, but also served as an effective mechanism for engaging stakeholders and building consensus.  相似文献   

Use of radiographic measures and three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging in surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog     

Dismukes DI  Fox DB  Tomlinson JL  Essman SC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(1):68-73

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 1-year-old 7.4-kg (16.3-lb) castrated male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of intermittent lameness and an antebrachial angular limb deformity. CLINICAL FINDINGS: The left forelimb had gross antebrachial external rotation (approx 90 degrees ) and marked procurvatum. Radiography revealed a severe partially compensated biapical antebrachial angular limb deformity. Measurements of medial proximal radial angle (MPRA) and lateral distal radial angle (LDRA) were obtained from orthogonal radiographs of the proximal and distal segments of the radius, respectively. Elbow joint-to-carpus translation was quantified. Deformities were localized and quantified by the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) method. Computed tomographic 3-dimensional image reconstructions of the antebrachium and carpus were completed to create 3 life-size stereolithographic models. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: 2 closing wedge radial osteotomies were performed at the level of the CORAs and stabilized with bone plates and screws. RESULTS: Frontal and sagittal plane alignments were corrected to 8 degrees and 15 degrees , respectively (reference limits, 0 degrees to 8 degrees and 8 degrees to 35 degrees , respectively). The MPRA was corrected from 55 degrees to 68 degrees , and LDRA was corrected from 32 degrees to 76 degrees (values considered normal are approx 85 degrees and 87 degrees , respectively). Elbow joint-to-carpus translation was improved by 42.5%. After 8 weeks, radiography revealed bone union. Owners considered the outcome acceptable, on the basis of limb appearance and lack of lameness at 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A segmental radiographic planning technique combined with the CORA method, computed tomography, and stereolithography may be useful in the characterization of and planning corrective surgery for forelimb deformities in dogs.  相似文献