Comparison of diagnostics techniques in an outbreak of infectious laryngotracheitis from meat chickens     

Crespo R  Woolcock PR  Chin RP  Shivaprasad HL  García M 《Avian diseases》2007,51(4):858-862

Various diagnostics techniques were compared for their ability to detect infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) during an outbreak in chickens aged between 4 and 21 wk. Gross lesions ranged from excess mucus to accumulation of fibrinonecrotic exudate in the larynx and trachea. Syncytial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in sinus, conjunctiva, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac. Virus isolation in chicken embryos was attempted in every case. Negative-stain electron microscopy detected herpesvirus in only 6% of the cases. Yet, isolation of ILT virus in the chorioallantoic membrane was presumed by histology in >20% of the samples and confirmed by fluorescent antibody (FA) in 35% of the embryos inoculated with conjunctivas or tracheas from affected birds. Overall, results from histology and FA tests were highly correlated. FA test has the advantage over histology of being diagnostically specific for ILT virus. Polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive test and detected the viral DNA even in cases where histology and FA were negative. ILT virus DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Re-Ti ILTV). Histologic and FA results from larynx and trachea were negative if the concentration of the viral DNA was < or =4 of log10. A viral DNA concentration higher than log10 4, as determined by Re-Ti ILTV, was required for clinical ILT to be manifested.  相似文献   

Effect of type I interferons on the expression of feline leukaemia virus     

Collado VM  Gómez-Lucía E  Tejerizo G  Miró G  Escolar E  Martín S  Doménech A 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,123(1-3):180-186

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Evolution of wheat architecture,physiology, and metabolism during domestication and further cultivation: Lessons for crop improvement     

Arturs Katamadze  Omar Vergara-Díaz  Estefanía Uberegui  Ander Yoldi-Achalandabaso  José Luis Araus  Rubén Vicente 《作物学报(英文版)》2023,(4):1080-1096

In recent decades, genetic advances in yield improvement in the major cereal crops, including wheat, has stagnated or proceeded at a slower rate than is required to meet future global food demand, particularly in the face of climate change. To reverse this situation, and in view of the future climate scenario, there is a need to increase the genetic diversity of wheat to increase its productivity, quality, stability, and adaptation to local agro-environments. The abundant genetic resources and l...  相似文献   

Fluorescence, browning index, and color in infant formulas during storage     

Ferrer E  Alegría A  Farré R  Clemente G  Calvo C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4911-4917

Free and total fluorescent compounds, browning index, and color formation were measured in milk-based powdered infant formulas (IF) during 2 years of storage at 20 and 37 degrees C. The excitation spectra from 415 nm emission show three peaks (ex lambda1 = 270 nm, lambda2 = 325/315 nm, lambda3 = 350 nm) and from 347 nm excitation two emission peaks (415 and 520 nm), and no wavelength shifts were observed. Temperature and time of storage exert in general no significant effect on the development of fluorescence emission intensity and browning index. However, an important increase in pentodilysine was recorded-probably because of the iron and ascorbic acid contents of the samples-as well as in browning index in adapted IF. In both IF a color increase (deltaE) throughout storage was observed, this increase being greater in samples stored at 37 degrees C than in those stored at 20 degrees C. The increase in color with time fitted a linear regression model. Color appeared to be an indicator of sufficient sensitivity to measure the effect of temperature or storage time.  相似文献   

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map of Bread Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） Using an Intervarietal Cross and QTL Map for Spike Related Traits     

Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes.However  the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not be polymorphie among the varieties used in breeding.…… 《分子植物育种》2007,5(2):219-220

Most often a genetic linkage map is prepared using populations obtained from two highly diverse genotypes. However, the markers from such a map may not be useful in a breeding program as these markers may not be polymorphic among the varieties used in breeding. For the past nine years, intraspecific maps have been gaining importance and such maps based on Swiss （PaiUard et al., 2003）, Japanese （Suenaga et al., 2005）, Australian （Chaimcrs et al., 2001） wheat varieties arc available. A map based on Indian wheat varieties however has not been reported. We constructed a genetic linkage map based on a cross between two Indian bread wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） varieties, Sonalika and Kalyansona. One hundred and fifty F2 individuals were analyzed for arbitrarilyprimed polymerase Chain reaction （AP-PCR）, random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD）, inter simple sequence repeats （ISSR）, Sequence Tagged Microsatelhte Sites （STMS）, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism （AFLP） markers, seed storage proteins and known genes. A linkage map was constructed consisting of 236 markers and spanning a distance of 3 639 cM with 1 211.2 cM for A genome, 1 669.2 cM for B genome, 192.4 cM for D genome and 566.2 cM for unassigned groups,  相似文献   

Enzyme-mediated solvent extraction of carotenoids from marigold flower (Tagetes erecta)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barzana E  Rubio D  Santamaria RI  Garcia-Correa O  Garcia F  Ridaura Sanz VE  López-Munguía A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(16):4491-4496

Marigold flowers are the most important source of carotenoids for application in the food industry. However, the extraction gives almost 50% losses of the carotenoids depending on conditions for silaging, drying, and solvent extraction. In the past decades, macerating enzymes have been successfully applied to improve the extraction yield of valued compounds from natural products. In this work, an alternative extraction process for carotenoids is proposed, consisting of a simultaneous enzymatic treatment and solvent extraction. The proposed process employs milled fresh flowers directly as raw material, eliminating the inefficient silage and drying operations as well as the generation of hard to deal with aqueous effluents present in traditional processes. The process developed was tested at the 80 L scale, where under optimal conditions a carotenoid recovery yield of 97% was obtained.  相似文献   

石灰对铅的迁移转化及生物有效性的影响     

苏天明  李杨瑞  江泽普  韦广泼  蒙炎成 《广西农业科学》2008,39(1):55-57

以菜心为研究对象,利用盆栽试验,在受重金属Pb(1000 mg/kg)污染的土壤中,探讨添加不同用量水平的石灰(0、345、690、1380、20703、450 mg/kg)对铅迁移转化及生物有效性的影响。结果表明:随着石灰施用量的增加,土壤pH值提高,土壤DTPA交换态的铅含量显著或极显著地减少;菜心根Pb含量和菜心对Pb的吸收总量显著或极显著地降低。  相似文献   

冬播麦区Glu-1和Glu-3位点变异及1B/1R易位与小麦加工品质性状的关系   总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22  

刘丽  阎俊  张艳  何中虎  Pea R.J.  张立平 《中国农业科学》2005,38(10):1944-1950

 贮藏蛋白组成是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。本文调查了我国冬播麦区251份主栽品种和高代品系的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）和1B/1R易位的分布状况，研究了它们与加工品质性状的关系。结果表明，品质较差的HMW-GS N、7+9、2+12和LMW-GS Glu-A3a与Glu-B3j（1B/1R易位）在冬播麦区分布较广，频率分别为39.4%、45.0%、59.8%、37.1%和44.6%。HMW-GS和LMW-GS等位变异对籽粒蛋白质含量影响较小，对SDS沉降值、和面时间与耐揉性的加性和互作效应达1%的显著水平。按位点对加工品质性状的贡献大小，Glu-D1>Glu-B3>Glu-B1>Glu-A3>Glu-A1；就单个亚基而言，Glu-A1位点，1>2*>N；Glu-B1位点，7+8>14+15>7+9；Glu-D1位点，5+10>4+12>2+12；Glu-A3位点，Glu-A3d>Glu-A3a>Glu-A3c>Glu-A3e，Glu-B3位点； Glu-B3d>Glu-B3b>Glu-B3f >Glu-B3j。1B/1R易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性等加工品质性状有显著负面效应。通过选择优质高低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基和淘汰1B/1R易位系，将有助于提高我国小麦的面筋质量。  相似文献   

木薯对氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼的吸收特性及施肥效应     

谭宏伟  周柳强a  谢如林a  黄美福a  谭庆军  阮康乐 《南方农业学报》2012,44(1):81-86

【目的】研究氮、磷、钾、镁、锌、硼肥对木薯养分吸收及生长的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,设最佳施肥处理OPT（N+P+K+Mg+Zn+B）、减氮施肥OPT-N、减磷施肥OPT-P、减钾施肥OPT-K、减镁施肥OPT-Mg、减锌施肥OPT-Zn、减硼施肥OPT-B处理和不施肥处理,测定各处理木薯产量以及块根、茎、叶养分吸收量和养分吸收强度。【结果】OPT处理木薯所吸收的N、P、K、Zn养分主要累积在茎部,Ca、Mg养分主要累积在叶片和茎部,B养分主要累积在叶片部位中。木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度呈抛物线状,在块根膨大期前呈逐渐提高,块根膨大后,木薯对N、P、K养分的吸收强度逐渐下降。增施N、P、K、Mg肥,木薯产量分别提高38.01%、13.09%、23.14%和8.99%;增施1 kg N、P2O5、K2O、MgO木薯产量分别增加101、54、22和49 kg;OPT处理产值最高（13217元/ha）。【结论】施肥均可提高木薯的养分吸收量,但K、Za、B肥会抑制Mg的吸收。不同施肥条件对木薯产量有显著的影响。  相似文献   

引进国际水稻所籼稻品系主成分及聚类分析     

刘百龙a  石瑜敏a  王威豪a  韦善富b  冯  锐a  宋智萍a  毛昌祥a 《南方农业学报》2012,42(12):1449-1453

【目的】综合比较、评价从国际水稻研究所引进的籼稻资源,旨在更有效利用外引稻种资源。【方法】采用DPS软件对来自国际水稻研究所的118个籼稻资源的主要农艺性状进行主成分分析及聚类分析。【结果】粒型、株高、粒重、粒长、结实和熟期这6个主要因子对变异的累积贡献率达85.1873%。依据主成分向量将118份引进材料聚为3大类型：第1大类群为矮秆、多穗、长粒类型,共34份材料;第2大类群为高秆、迟熟、少蘖、长穗型,共49份材料;第3大类群为半矮秆、早熟、高实、小穗类型,共35份材料。【结论】在利用外引资源时,要利用主成分等信息,抓住主要因子进行聚类,这样能更有效地利用外引资源。  相似文献