Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the horse     

Guo X  Sugita S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(11):1145-1150

Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the horse (Thoroughbred) was analyzed in the wholemount retina stained with cresyl violet, and a total number of ganglion cells were estimated. Sizes of ganglion cells were also measured and size spectra were analysed. The main results showed that: (1) a common point in 4 wholemount retinae, based on cell densities and retinal locations, was that a retina could be divided into 5 regions, namely visual streak, nasal, temporal, dorsal and ventral region to the visual streak. A maximum cell density of 4,000 cells/mm2 was found in the visual streak. And a total number of ganglion cells was estimated in a range of 398 x 10(3) - 469 x 10(3), with a mean of 441 x 10(3) +/- 31 x 10(3) (n=4). (2) cell sizes were measured as the mean lengths of the major and minor axes of the somas, and were in a range of 5-53.8 microm. The lowest mean diameter was 14.0 microm (+/- 3.7) in the visual streak and the highest was 25.9 microm (+/- 7.6) in the ventral region. Cell size spectra were unimodal and positively skewed. It is expected that these analyses will provide an anatomical and physiological background for further study of the visual system in the horse.  相似文献   

Molecular characteristics of cutaneous papillomavirus from the canine pigmented epidermal nevus     

Tanabe C  Kano R  Nagata M  Nakamura Y  Watanabe S  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(11):1189-1192

To investigate the relation between the canine pigmented epidermal nevus (PEN) and cutaneous papillomavirus, we cloned and sequenced the L1 gene of papillomavirus from the canine pigmented epidermal nevus (PEN). Amplification of DNA sample with the L1 consensus primers yielded an expected fragment of approximately 450-bp. The nucleotide sequences of the fragment showed about 64% of sequence similarity to the L1 region of human papillomavirus isolate CP6108 and less than 57% sequence similarity to those of canine oral papillomavirus (COPV). In situ hybridization determined the presence of papillomavirus DNA mainly in the upper stratum granulosum of skin in this case. The results indicated that the canine cutaneous papillomavirus from the PEN lesion was genetically close to human papillomavirus rather than COPV.  相似文献   

In vitro detection of equine arteritis virus from seminal plasma for identification of carrier stallions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fukunaga Y  Wada R  Sugita S  Fujita Y  Nambo Y  Imagawa H  Kanemaru T  Kamada M  Komatsu N  Akashi H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(6):643-646

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) was readily isolated in RK-13 cell monolayers by plaque assay from seminal plasma of experimental carrier stallions when they contained high titers of virus regardless of the presence of non-viral cytotoxicity in the seminal plasma. The cytotoxicity interfered with virus isolation from seminal plasma which contained virus at titers less than 10 PFU/ml. However, it was possible to detect the virus in seminal plasma pretreated with PEG (#6000). EAV was consistently identified by RT-PCR from crude seminal plasma which contained virus at titers of more than 10(2.7) PFU/ml. In vitro detection of EAV by virus isolation supplemented with RT-PCR using seminal plasma was proved to be an effective alternative to the standard test mating as a diagnostic method for carrier stallions.  相似文献   

Relationship between the responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of bovine oocytes collected by transvaginal follicle aspiration     

Hashimoto S  Takakura R  Yoshinari M  Minam N  Yamada M  Imai H  Kashim N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(6):647-650

To characterize factors affecting the number of bovine oocytes recovered transvaginally, a regression analysis was performed between the responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of oocytes recovered transvaginally. The number of embryos recovered following multiple-ovulation treatment and the number of oocytes recovered transvaginally increased when the number of follicles to be aspirated transvaginally increased (P<0.05. P<0.01). The number of cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered transvaginally also increased when the number of oocytes to be aspirated transvaginally increased (P<0.001). However, the number of viable embryos that recovered following multiple-ovulation treatment had no relation to the number of cumulus-oocyte complexes recovered transvaginally. These results suggested that more oocytes can be recovered from donors that have a high responsiveness to multiple-ovulation treatment.  相似文献   

Effect of liquid paraffin on antibody responses and local adverse reactions of bivalent oil adjuvanted vaccines containing newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus     

Fukanoki S  Matsumoto K  Mori H  Takeda R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2000,62(12):1317-1319

Effects of liquid paraffin on antibody responses and local adverse reactions after intramuscular injection of oil adjuvanted vaccines containing Newcastle disease (ND) and infectious bronchitis (IB) virus were investigated in chickens. Each vaccine was prepared with a liquid paraffin such as Carnation, Crystol 52 and Lytol. These vaccines induced sustained antibody responses against ND and IB. Among local adverse reactions, Lytol induced granulomatous reactions and abscesses, but Carnation and Crystol 52 did not. The residual weight of liquid paraffin at the injection site decreased in the order Carnation, Crystol 52, Lytol. Crystol 52 was composed of relatively few short-chain hydrocarbons (i.e., n-C20H42). The vaccine with liquid paraffin mainly composed of n-C16H34-n-C20H42 was suggested to induce fewer adverse reactions.  相似文献   

Use of whole blood for spectrophotometric determination of cholinesterase activity in dogs     

Tecles F  Martínez Subiela S  Bernal LJ  Cerón JJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2000,160(3):242-249

Whole blood has been compared with erythrocytes and plasma for spectrophotometric cholinesterase determination in the dog. Cholinesterase activity was characterized using two substrates: acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine. Acetylcholinesterase was the only form of cholinesterase present on erythrocytes and hydrolysed only acetylthiocholine. Butyrylcholinesterase (pseudocholinesterase) was predominant in plasma, hydrolysing mainly butyrylthiocholine. Based on these results, a method based on the use of two substrates (acetylthiocholine for monitoring acetylcholinesterase and butyrylthiocholine for determining butyrylcholinesterase) in the same whole blood sample is recommended for canine cholinesterase analysis. This way of monitoring both enzymes can be easily automated, yielding good within (CVs < 5%) and between-run (CVs < 7%) precision.  相似文献   

Nematicidal activity of essential oils and their components against the root-knot nematode     

Oka Y  Nacar S  Putievsky E  Ravid U  Yaniv Z  Spiegel Y 《Phytopathology》2000,90(7):710-715

ABSTRACT Nematicidal activity of essential oils extracted from 27 spices and aromatic plants were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. Twelve of the twenty-seven essential oils immobilized more than 80% of juveniles of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica at a concentration of 1,000 mul/liter. At this concentration, most of these oils also inhibited nematode hatching. Essential oils of Carum carvi, Foeniculum vulgare, Mentha rotundifolia, and Mentha spicata showed the highest nematicidal activity among the in vitro tested oils. These oils and those from Origanum vulgare, O. syriacum, and Coridothymus capitatus mixed in sandy soil at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the root galling of cucumber seedlings in pot experiments. The main components of these essential oils were tested for their nematicidal activity. Carvacrol, t-anethole, thymol, and (+)-carvone immobilized the juveniles and inhibited hatching at >125 mul/liter in vitro. Most of these components mixed in sandy soil at concentrations of 75 and 150 mg/kg reduced root galling of cucumber seedlings. In 3-liter pot experiments, nematicidal activity of the essential oils and their components was confirmed at 200 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The results suggest that the essential oils and their main components may serve as nematicides.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Infection Processes and Resulting Disease Caused by Dendryphion penicillatum and Pleospora papaveracea on Papaver somniferum     

Bailey BA  Apel-Birkhold PC  O'Neill NR  Plaskowitz J  Alavi S  Jennings JC  Anderson JD 《Phytopathology》2000,90(7):699-709

ABSTRACT Two pathogenic fungi of opium poppy, Pleospora papaveracea and Dendryphion penicillatum, were isolated from field material in Beltsville, MD. The processes of infection by these two fungi were studied to determine the optimal environmental conditions for infection. Both fungi formed appressoria capable of penetrating directly through the plant epidermal layer. Of the two fungi, P. papaveracea was more aggressive, causing more rapid necrosis. Appressorial formation by P. papaveracea occurred as early as 4 h after application of a conidial suspension to poppy leaves. P. papaveracea formed more appressoria than did D. penicillatum, especially at cool temperatures (7 to 13 degrees C). In greenhouse studies, P. papaveracea caused more damage to opium poppy than did D. penicillatum when applied in 10% unrefined corn oil. In the field, P. papaveracea was more consistent in its effects on opium poppy from a local seed source designated Indian Grocery. P. papaveracea caused higher disease ratings, more stem lesions, and equal or greater yield losses than did D. penicillatum on Indian Grocery. The late-maturing opium poppy variety White Cloud was severely damaged by disease, regardless of formulation or fungal treatment. P. papaveracea was the predominant fungus isolated from poppy seed capsules and the only fungus reisolated from the field the following year. These studies provide a better understanding of the infection process and the differences between these two pathogenic fungi and will be beneficial for the development of the fungi as biological control agents.  相似文献   

Measuring the Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis Within Different Fields in Colombia     

Restrepo S  Vélez CM  Verdier V 《Phytopathology》2000,90(7):683-690

ABSTRACT Cassava bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, is a widespread disease that affects cassava (Manihot esculenta). We collected 238 X. axonopodis pv. manihotis strains by intensively sampling single fields in four edaphoclimatic zones (ECZs) in Colombia. DNA polymorphism of different X. axonopodis pv. manihotis populations was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses, repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assays. Genetic diversity, phenetic relationships among strains, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation were determined. All strains were tested for aggressiveness on the susceptible cassava cv. MCOL 1522. Strains were also tested for virulence on cassava differentials adapted to the strains' respective ECZs. Our study showed that the Colombian X. axonopodis pv. manihotis population has a high degree of genetic diversity. The hierarchical analysis of diversity showed genotypic differentiation at all levels, among ECZs, among fields within ECZs, and among strains within fields planted to several cassava genotypes. New RFLP haplotypes were detected, leading to the characterization of a new pathotype. Dendrograms from AFLP were more robust than those from RFLP data. A close association between the strains' geographical origin and DNA polymorphism was obtained using RFLP and AFLP data. We suggest that the host played a role in causing pathogen differentiation.  相似文献   

Biological, serological, and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape     

Hauser S  Stevens M  Mougel C  Smith HG  Fritsch C  Herrbach E  Lemaire O 《Phytopathology》2000,90(5):460-466

Yellowing diseases of sugar beet can be caused by a range of strains classified as Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) or Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), both belonging to the genus Polerovirus of the family Luteoviridae. Host range, genomic, and serological studies have shown that isolates of these viruses can be grouped into three distinct species. Within these species, the coat protein amino acid sequences are highly conserved (more than 90% homology), whereas the P0 sequences (open reading frame, ORF 0) are variable (about 30% homology). Based on these results, we propose a new classification of BMYV and BWYV into three distinct species. Two of these species are presented for the first time and are not yet recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The first species, BMYV, infects sugar beet and Capsella bursa-pastoris. The second species, Brassica yellowing virus, does not infect beet, but infects a large number of plants belonging to the genus Brassica within the family Brassicaceae. The third species, Beet chlorosis virus, infects beet and Chenopodium capitatum, but not Capsella bursa-pastoris.  相似文献