Volatile compounds in a spanish red wine aged in barrels made of Spanish, French, and American oak wood   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

De Simón BF  Cadahía E  Jalocha J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(26):7671-7678

A red Rioja wine was aged in barrels made of Spanish oak wood (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea,Quercus pyrenaica, and Quercus faginea) during 21 months. The concentrations of some volatile compounds [syringaldehyde, vanillin, eugenol, maltol, guaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, cis and trans isomers of beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone, 2-furfuraldehyde, 5-methyl-2-furfuraldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuraldehyde, and furfuryl alcohol] were studied in these wines and compared with those of the same wine aged in barrels made from French oak of Q. robur (Limousin, France) and Q. petraea (Allier, France) and American oak of Quercus alba (Missouri). Similar concentrations of these compounds were found in wines aged in Spanish and French oak wood barrels, and significantly different concentrations were found with respect to wines aged in barrels made of American oak wood, indicating a different behavior. Thus, wines with different characteristics were obtained, depending on the kind of wood. Also, the kind of wood had an important influence on sensory characteristics of wine during the aging process. Spanish oak wood from Q. robur, Q. petraea, and Q. pyrenaica can be considered to be suitable for barrel production for quality wines, because a wine aged in barrels made of these Spanish oak woods showed similar and intermediate characteristics to those of the same wine aged in French and American oak woods usually used in cooperage.  相似文献   

Enzyme-mediated solvent extraction of carotenoids from marigold flower (Tagetes erecta)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Barzana E  Rubio D  Santamaria RI  Garcia-Correa O  Garcia F  Ridaura Sanz VE  López-Munguía A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(16):4491-4496

Marigold flowers are the most important source of carotenoids for application in the food industry. However, the extraction gives almost 50% losses of the carotenoids depending on conditions for silaging, drying, and solvent extraction. In the past decades, macerating enzymes have been successfully applied to improve the extraction yield of valued compounds from natural products. In this work, an alternative extraction process for carotenoids is proposed, consisting of a simultaneous enzymatic treatment and solvent extraction. The proposed process employs milled fresh flowers directly as raw material, eliminating the inefficient silage and drying operations as well as the generation of hard to deal with aqueous effluents present in traditional processes. The process developed was tested at the 80 L scale, where under optimal conditions a carotenoid recovery yield of 97% was obtained.  相似文献   

PCR-SSCP: a simple method for the authentication of grouper (Epinephelus guaza), wreck fish (Polyprion americanus), and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fillets   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Asensio L  González I  Fernández A  Rodríguez MA  Hernández PE  García T  Martín R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(4):1720-1723

A method of DNA analysis has been developed to verify the authenticity of grouper (Epinephelus guaza), wreck fish (Polyprion americanus), and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fillets. A short fragment (208 bp) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism to get species-specific patterns of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). DNA strands were separated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver staining. Discrimination among the three fish species studied was possible, because each one expressed a specific ssDNA pattern.  相似文献   

Supercritical fluid extraction of all-trans-lycopene from tomato   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Gómez-Prieto MS  Caja MM  Herraiz M  Santa-María G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):3-7

A procedure is proposed for the supercritical fluid extraction of all-trans-lycopene from tomato using carbon dioxide at 40 degrees C without modifier. The present method minimizes the risk of degradation via isomerization and oxidation of health-promoting ingredients, such as lycopene. The effect of different experimental variables on the solvating power of the supercritical fluid was evaluated in terms of both the selectivity achievable in the process and the yield of the extraction of all-trans-lycopene. Satisfactory separations of the all-trans-lycopene isomers from the cis counterparts were achieved using a C(30) column. The obtained extract contained 88% all-trans-lycopene and 12% cis-lycopene.  相似文献   

1-甲基环丙烯延长菠菜采后保鲜期的研究     

Gustavo Gergoff Grozeff  María E.Micieli  Facundo Gómez  Laura Fernández  Juan J.Guiamet  Alicia R.Chavesb  Carlos G.Bartoli 《保鲜与加工》2011,(4):54

分别对经0.1、1.0μL.L-1浓度的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理和未经1-MCP处理的离体菠菜叶片的衰老特性进行研究。结果表明,与对照相比,经1-MCP处理的菠菜叶片在避光、23℃条件下贮藏6 d后,叶绿素含量和光系统Ⅱ最高光量子产量较高,溶质渗漏量较低,说明1-MCP处理可延缓菠菜叶片的衰老。贮藏3 d后,经1-MCP处理的菠菜叶片乙烯生成量增加,随后又下降至对照水平。经1-MCP处理的菠菜叶片中具有较高的抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽含量及对于这两种物质较低的氧化还原比率。1-MCP处理还可以减少菠菜叶片中的铵盐积累及蛋白质的降解。综合上述结果可以得出,通过1-MCP抑制菠菜叶片对乙烯作用的敏感性可有效延长菠菜的采后保鲜期。  相似文献   

甲酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化率、肠组织形态和血浆代谢产物的影响     

Hernández F  García V  Madrid J  Orengo J  Catalá P  Megías M D 《饲料博览》2007,(11):65-65

研究饲粮甲酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、消化率、肠组织形态和血浆代谢产物的影响。120只罗斯雄性肉仔鸡,在实验室饲养,饲养期为1～42日龄。试验设4个处理:对照组(C);添加阿维霉素,水平为10 mg·kg~(-1)(AV);添加甲酸,水平为5g·kg~(-1)(FA5)和添加甲酸,水平为10 g·kg~(-1) (FA10)。各处理间,雄性肉仔鸡的增重、饲料采食量或饲料转化率没有显著差异。42日龄时,育成鸡饲粮中,各种添加物对雄性肉仔鸡回肠干物质消化率有一定影响;与其他处理相比,阿维霉素和添加水平为10 g·kg~(-1)的甲酸,轻度增加回肠干物质消化率。添加水平为5 g·kg~(-1)和10g·kg~(-1)的甲酸对空肠pH没有影响,试验结果不能清楚显示甲酸对肠组织形态的积极作用。各处理间,血液代谢产物没有不同,血浆钙、磷水平不受甲酸添加物影响。结论:卫生状况良好的肉仔鸡,饲粮甲酸对生产性能、肠组织形态或血浆代谢产物水平没有清楚的积极的影响;然而,对回肠营养物质消化率有轻度积极的影响。  相似文献   

The magnetic field of saturn: pioneer 11 observations     

Acuña MH  Ness NF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,207(4429):444-446

The intrinsic magnetic field of Saturn measured by the high-field fluxgate magnetometer is much weaker than expected. An analysis of preliminary data combined with the preliminary trajectory yield a model for the main planetary field which is a simple centered dipole of moment 0.20 +/- 0.01 gauss-Rs(3) = 4.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(28) gauss-cm(3) (1 Rs = 1 Saturn radius = 60,000 km). The polarity is opposite that of Earth, and, surprisingly, the tilt is small, within 2 degrees +/- 1 degrees of the rotation axis. The equatorial field intensity at the cloud tops is 0.2 gauss, and the polar intensity is 0.56 gauss. The unique moon Titan is expected to be located within the magnetosheath of Saturn or the interplanetary medium about 50 percent of the time because the average subsolar point distance to the magnetosphere is estimated to be 20 Rs, the orbital distance to Titan.  相似文献   

Magnetic fields at uranus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ness NF  Acuña MH  Behannon KW  Burlaga LF  Connerney JE  Lepping RP  Neubauer FM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,233(4759):85-89

The magnetic field experiment on the Voyager 2 spacecraft revealed a strong planetary magnetic field of Uranus and an associated magnetosphere and fully developed bipolar masnetic tail. The detached bow shock wave in the solar wind supersonic flow was observed upstream at 23.7 Uranus radii (1 R(U) = 25,600 km) and the magnetopause boundary at 18.0 R(U), near the planet-sun line. A miaximum magnetic field of 413 nanotesla was observed at 4.19 R(U ), just before closest approach. Initial analyses reveal that the planetary magnetic field is well represented by that of a dipole offset from the center of the planet by 0.3 R(U). The angle between Uranus' angular momentum vector and the dipole moment vector has the surprisingly large value of 60 degrees. Thus, in an astrophysical context, the field of Uranus may be described as that of an oblique rotator. The dipole moment of 0.23 gauss R(3)(U), combined with the large spatial offset, leads to minimum and maximum magnetic fields on the surface of the planet of approximately 0.1 and 1.1 gauss, respectively. The rotation period of the magnetic field and hence that of the interior of the planet is estimated to be 17.29+/- 0.10 hours; the magnetotail rotates about the planet-sun line with the same period. Thelarge offset and tilt lead to auroral zones far from the planetary rotation axis poles. The rings and the moons are embedded deep within the magnetosphere, and, because of the large dipole tilt, they will have a profound and diurnally varying influence as absorbers of the trapped radiation belt particles.  相似文献   

海峡西岸社会主义新农村建设中的几个主要矛盾     

The Group of Project ＂Study on Several Major Issues in Building a New Socialist Countryside on the West Side of the Straits＂ 《福建农业大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,9(6):1-6

海峡西岸社会主义新农村建设面临着一系列两难的问题，集中体现在农村经济发展与综合发展、政府主导与农民主体、资源存量不活与增量不足、公共品供给与需求、新农村建设与工业化和城镇化、统筹城乡发展与体制机制滞后这六大矛盾。要统筹兼顾，妥善处理，把握好矛盾各方面的平衡度，使这些矛盾内部之间以及矛盾之间围绕建设海峡西岸社会主义新农村的总体价值取向达到一种新的优化平衡，为新农村建设注入新的动力，拓展新的境界。  相似文献   

Molecular basis of carcinogenesis by human adenoviruses     

Green M  Piña M  Fujinaga K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(3800):528

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