Superficial keratectomy and cryosurgery as therapy for limbal neoplasms in 13 horses   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Bosch G  Klein WR 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(4):241-246

Objective To determine the usefulness and clinical outcome of a combined procedure of superficial keratectomy and cryosurgery as a treatment for limbal neoplasms in horses. Study design Retrospective study. Animals Thirteen horses with 14 limbal tumors. Methods Medical records of all patients with limbal tumors, referred to the Department of Equine Sciences of Utrecht University between 1995 and 2002, were retrieved. Patient data were analyzed with respect to signalment, tumor surface area and histologic diagnosis. Surgery, performed under general anesthesia, included surgical debulking of the tumor followed by cryosurgery. Long‐term follow‐up information was obtained by re‐evaluation in the clinic, by the referring veterinarian, and/or by telephone enquiry. Results Therapy was successful in 9 out of 14 eyes after the first attempt (64%); one eye needed retreatment (7%), and four eyes were eventually enucleated (29%). The mean follow‐up period was 4.8 years. The initial surface area of the tumor significantly influenced outcome (P < 0.01). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most predominant tumor type (79%). Haflinger horses accounted for 69% of the cases whereas their occurrence in the overall hospital population is approximately 5%. Conclusions and clinical relevance The described technique of superficial keratectomy and cryosurgery is a simple procedure for the treatment of limbal tumors in equine patients that does not require sophisticated equipment. Nor is it tampered by legal restriction, and appears to be effective in tumors with a small surface area (< 2 cm²). Haflinger horses seem to be predisposed for the development of ocular squamous cell carcinoma.  相似文献   

Influence of Fluid Therapy on Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics in Colic Horses     

van der Harst MR  Bull S  Laffont CM  Klein WR 《Veterinary research communications》2005,29(2):141-147

The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin is commonly used in equine medicine for the prevention and treatment of Gram-negative and staphylococcal bacteria in surgically treated colic patients. The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in these patients might be altered by the disease status, and/or under the influence of fluid therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous fluid treatment on gentamicin kinetics in colic patients. Colic patients subjected to laparotomy were given fluid infusions according to clinical status. Following gentamicin administration, blood samples were taken for gentamicin analysis at different time points, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters including Vc, Vss, t(1/2) and MRT were calculated. Horses undergoing fluid therapy showed a significantly different t(1/2), clearance and MRT as compared to non-infused patients. However, taking into account the clinical status of the patients receiving fluid support, the data suggest that endotoxaemia, rather than fluid therapy, influence gentamicin pharmacokinetics following laparotomy.  相似文献   

Diagnostic tests for small ruminant lentiviruses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

de Andrés D  Klein D  Watt NJ  Berriatua E  Torsteinsdottir S  Blacklaws BA  Harkiss GD 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,107(1-2):49-62

Maedi visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus are closely related retroviruses that cause chronic inflammatory disease in small ruminants. The infections are characterised by insidious onset and slow progression. Diagnosis of infection is usually by serological testing. A variety of assays are available for this purpose, though the relative sensitivity and specificity of these assays has not been compared systematically. Here we review recent developments in laboratory diagnostic methods and their use in field diagnosis. The results suggest that a combination of ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLV infection.  相似文献   

Consequences of nutritional and husbandry factors on the heat production of rats and broilers. 2. Effect of environmental temperature on the heat production of fully grown broilers and rats     

L Hoffmann  M Klein 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1987,37(5):387-405

In an experiment with broilers (origin Tetra B) and with rats (albino, Wistar line) with 2 animals each, heat production was ascertained by measuring CO2 production and O2 consumption over 20 minutes after their feeding 18 h and 1 h before the beginning of measuring at ambient temperatures of 30, 25, 20, 15 and 10 degrees C. Every variant was followed through over 6 h/d in 12 measuring sections. The feed amount/ánimal and day was adapted to energy maintenance requirement. At the beginning of the experiments the broilers and rats were 14 and 21 weeks old resp. and weighed 2.2 kg and 220 g resp. The variation of the ambient temperature did not influence the heat production of the broilers. In contrast to this, the time of feeding in relation to the beginning of measuring had a distinct effect on heat production. Whereas a heat production of 342 +/- 34 kJ/kg LW0.75.d was ascertained in the postabsorptive state 18 h after the last feed intake, it increased by 11% to 393 +/- 32 kJ/kg LW0.75.d when measuring began 1 h after feeding. The very act of feed intake increased heat production by 75%. Rats showed a distinct increase of heat production caused by a decreasing ambient temperature. In the temperature range of 30-25 degrees C the increase was shallower than in the range of 25-10 degrees C. Per 1 degrees C below 25 degrees C heat production increased by 30 kJ/kg LW0.75.d. The increase was independent of the metabolism level, which was influenced by the feeding variants. The results are discussed in connection with Rubner's theory of heat compensation.  相似文献   

Experimental transmission of a herpesvirus in Greek tortoises (Testudo graeca)     

Origgi FC  Romero CH  Bloom DC  Klein PA  Gaskin JM  Tucker SJ  Jacobson ER 《Veterinary pathology》2004,41(1):50-61

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Dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate and dialkyl 2,2'-thiodiacetate antioxidants by lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification     

Weber N  Klein E  Vosmann K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(8):2957-2963

Medium- and long-chain dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate antioxidants such as dioctyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, didodecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, dihexadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, and di-(cis-9-octadecenyl) 3,3'-thiodipropionate were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid and its dimethyl ester, respectively, with the corresponding medium- or long-chain 1-alkanols, i.e., 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-hexadecanol, and cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, in vacuo (80 kPa) at moderate temperatures (60-80 degrees C) without solvents. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was the most active biocatalyst for the preparation of medium- and long-chain dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionates showing enzyme activities up to 1489 units/g, whereas the immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) were by far less active ( approximately 10 enzyme units/g). Maximum conversions to dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionates were as high as 92-98% after 4 h of reaction time. Similarly, dihexadecyl 2,2'-thiodiacetate was prepared in high yield using 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid or diethyl 2,2'-thiodiacetate and 1-hexadecanol as the starting materials and Novozym 435 as the biocatalyst.  相似文献   

Global control of dimorphism and virulence in fungi     

Nemecek JC  Wüthrich M  Klein BS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5773):583-588

Microbial pathogens that normally inhabit our environment can adapt to thrive inside mammalian hosts. There are six dimorphic fungi that cause disease worldwide, which switch from nonpathogenic molds in soil to pathogenic yeast after spores are inhaled and exposed to elevated temperature. Mechanisms that regulate this switch remain obscure. We show that a hybrid histidine kinase senses host signals and triggers the transition from mold to yeast. The kinase also regulates cell-wall integrity, sporulation, and expression of virulence genes in vivo. This global regulator shapes how dimorphic fungal pathogens adapt to the mammalian host, which has broad implications for treating and preventing systemic fungal disease.  相似文献   

Residual feed intake of purebred Angus steers: effects on meat quality and palatability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Baker SD  Szasz JI  Klein TA  Kuber PS  Hunt CW  Glaze JB  Falk D  Richard R  Miller JC  Battaglia RA  Hill RA 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(4):938-945

Relationships between residual feed intake (RFI) and other performance variables were determined using 54 purebred Angus steers. Individual feed intake and BW gain were recorded during a 70-d post-weaning period to calculate RFI. After the 70-d post-weaning test, steers were fed a finishing ration to a similar fat thickness (FT), transported to a commercial facility, and slaughtered. A subsample of carcasses (n = 32) was selected to examine the relationships among RFI, meat quality, and palatability. Steers were categorized into high (> 0.5 SD above the mean; n = 16), medium (mid; +/- 0.5 SD from the mean; n = 21), and low (< 0.5 SD below the mean; n = 17) RFI groups. No differences were detected in ADG, initial BW, and d 71 BW among the high, mid, and low RFI steers. Steers from the high RFI group had a greater DMI (P = 0.004) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; DMI:ADG; P = 0.002) compared with the low RFI steers. Residual feed intake was positively correlated with DMI (r = 0.54; P = 0.003) and FCR (r = 0.42; P = 0.002), but not with initial BW, d 71 BW, d 71 ultrasound FT, initial ultrasound LM area, d 71 ultrasound LM area, or ADG. The FCR was positively correlated with initial BW (r = 0.46; P = 0.0005), d 71 BW (r = 0.34; P = 0.01), and DMI (r = 0.40; P = 0.003) and was negatively correlated with ADG (r = -0.65; P = 0.001). There were no differences among RFI groups for HCW, LM area, FT, KPH, USDA yield grade, marbling score, or quality grade. Reflectance color b* scores of steaks from high RFI steers were greater (P = 0.02) than those from low RFI steers. There was no difference between high and low RFI groups for LM calpastatin activity. Warner-Bratzler shear force and sensory panel tenderness and flavor scores of steaks were similar across RFI groups. Steaks from high RFI steers had lower (P = 0.04) off-flavor scores than those from low RFI steers. Cook loss percentages were greater (P = 0.005) for steaks from low RFI steers than for those from mid RFI steers. These data support current views that RFI is independent of ADG, but is correlated with DMI and FCR. Importantly, the data also support the hypothesis that there is no relationship between RFI and beef quality in purebred Angus steers.  相似文献   

Organization of risk analysis in the EU and the new EU food regulation     

Pina MC  Ferrer C  Rodrigo M  Klein G  Martínez A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,113(11):407-412

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Second-harmonic generation from magnetic metamaterials     

Klein MW  Enkrich C  Wegener M  Linden S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5786):502-504

We observe second-harmonic generation from metamaterials composed of split-ring resonators excited at 1.5-micrometer wavelength. Much larger signals are detected when magnetic-dipole resonances are excited, as compared with purely electric-dipole resonances. The experiments are consistent with calculations based on the magnetic component of the Lorentz force exerted on metal electrons-an intrinsic second-harmonic generation mechanism that plays no role in natural materials. This unusual mechanism becomes relevant in our work as a result of the enhancement and the orientation of the local magnetic fields associated with the magnetic-dipole resonances of the split-ring resonators.  相似文献