Bioactivity of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil and related monoterpenoids against sweet potato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci biotype B     

Baldin  Edson L. L.  Aguiar  Gabriela P.  Fanela  Thiago L. M.  Soares  Muriel C. E.  Groppo  Milton  Crotti  Antônio E. M. 《Journal of pest science》2015,88(1):191-199

Journal of Pest Science - The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), causes high economic losses in vegetables, beans, soybeans, peanuts, cotton, and...  相似文献   

Evaluation of tumescent local anesthesia in cats undergoing unilateral mastectomy     

Clarissa MR. Moreira  Renato LS. Oliveira  Gilberto A. Costa  Katia B. Corgozinho  Stelio PL. Luna  Heloisa JM. Souza 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):134-141

ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of tumescent local anesthesia (TLA) in cats undergoing unilateral mastectomy.Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsA total of 12 ovariohysterectomized female cats.MethodsAll animals were premedicated with pethidine (4 mg kg^–1) intramuscularly (IM), followed by induction of anesthesia with propofol (5 mg kg^–1) intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. A refrigerated TLA solution (15 mL kg^–1, 8 °C) was injected using a Klein cannula. The solution was composed of 0.5 mL of epinephrine (1 mg mL^–1) and 40 mL of 2% lidocaine added to 210 mL lactated Ringer’s solution (final lidocaine concentration 0.32%). Heart and respiratory rates, systolic arterial blood pressure, temperature and oxygen saturation were measured during anesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for measurement of plasma lidocaine concentration using high performance liquid chromatography. Postoperative pain scores were evaluated hourly for 6 hours. Analgesic rescue was performed with tramadol (2 mg kg^–1) IM and meloxicam (0.15 mg kg^–1) subcutaneously.ResultsPlasma lidocaine concentration peaked at 90 minutes after injection of TLA, but no concentration considered toxic for the species was measured. The median postoperative analgesia time was 6 hours after injection of TLA.ConclusionsThis study found that TLA prevented sympathetic response to noxious stimuli during anesthesia and provided satisfactory postoperative analgesia in cats submitted to total unilateral mastectomy, with no apparent signs of toxicity.Clinical relevanceTLA can prevent sympathetic stimulation resulting from noxious stimuli during anesthesia, promoting good intraoperative conditions, proving to be a viable addition to analgesia in cats submitted to a total unilateral mastectomy.  相似文献   

Health and production effects of killed vaccines against Mannheimia haemolytica,bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1, in locally backgrounded feedlot cattle     

PMV Cusack  EL Bergman  KE Hay  JM Morton 《Australian veterinary journal》2021,99(1-2):24-31

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The status of the world's land and marine mammals: diversity, threat, and knowledge     

Schipper J  Chanson JS  Chiozza F  Cox NA  Hoffmann M  Katariya V  Lamoreux J  Rodrigues AS  Stuart SN  Temple HJ  Baillie J  Boitani L  Lacher TE  Mittermeier RA  Smith AT  Absolon D  Aguiar JM  Amori G  Bakkour N  Baldi R  Berridge RJ  Bielby J  Black PA  Blanc JJ  Brooks TM  Burton JA  Butynski TM  Catullo G  Chapman R  Cokeliss Z  Collen B  Conroy J  Cooke JG  da Fonseca GA  Derocher AE  Dublin HT  Duckworth JW  Emmons L  Emslie RH  Festa-Bianchet M  Foster M  Foster S  Garshelis DL  Gates C  Gimenez-Dixon M  Gonzalez S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5899):225-230

Knowledge of mammalian diversity is still surprisingly disparate, both regionally and taxonomically. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the conservation status and distribution of the world's mammals. Data, compiled by 1700+ experts, cover all 5487 species, including marine mammals. Global macroecological patterns are very different for land and marine species but suggest common mechanisms driving diversity and endemism across systems. Compared with land species, threat levels are higher among marine mammals, driven by different processes (accidental mortality and pollution, rather than habitat loss), and are spatially distinct (peaking in northern oceans, rather than in Southeast Asia). Marine mammals are also disproportionately poorly known. These data are made freely available to support further scientific developments and conservation action.  相似文献   

Thermally Switchable Periodicities and Diffraction from Mesoscopically Ordered Materials     

JM Weissman  HB Sunkara  AS Tse  SA Asher 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5289):959-960

Two switchable, mesoscopically periodic materials were created by combining crystalline colloidal array (CCA) self-assembly with the temperature-induced volume phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Body-centered-cubic CCAs of hydrated, swollen PNIPAM particles Bragg-diffract infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light weakly, whereas arrays of compact shrunken particles diffract efficiently. A tunable diffracting array was also created by embedding a CCA of polystyrene spheres within a PNIPAM hydrogel that swells and contracts with temperature; thus the array lattice constant varies with temperature, and the diffracted wavelength was thermally tunable across the entire visible spectrum. These materials may find applications in many areas of optics and materials science.  相似文献   

Prospects for biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Forest: Lessons from aging human-modified landscapes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marcelo Tabarelli  Antonio Venceslau Aguiar  Jean Paul Metzger 《Biological conservation》2010,143(10):2328-2340

Recent global assessments have shown the limited coverage of protected areas across tropical biotas, fuelling a growing interest in the potential conservation services provided by anthropogenic landscapes. Here we examine the geographic distribution of biological diversity in the Atlantic Forest of South America, synthesize the most conspicuous forest biodiversity responses to human disturbances, propose further conservation initiatives for this biota, and offer a range of general insights into the prospects of forest species persistence in human-modified tropical forest landscapes worldwide. At the biome scale, the most extensive pre-Columbian habitats across the Atlantic Forest ranged across elevations below 800 masl, which still concentrate most areas within the major centers of species endemism. Unfortunately, up to 88% of the original forest habitat has been lost, mainly across these low to intermediate elevations, whereas protected areas are clearly skewed towards high elevations above 1200 masl. At the landscape scale, most remaining Atlantic Forest cover is embedded within dynamic agro-mosaics including elements such as small forest fragments, early-to-late secondary forest patches and exotic tree monocultures. In this sort of aging or long-term modified landscapes, habitat fragmentation appears to effectively drive edge-dominated portions of forest fragments towards an early-successional system, greatly limiting the long-term persistence of forest-obligate and forest-dependent species. However, the extent to which forest habitats approach early-successional systems, thereby threatening the bulk of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity, depends on both past and present landscape configuration. Many elements of human-modified landscapes (e.g. patches of early-secondary forests and tree monocultures) may offer excellent conservation opportunities, but they cannot replace the conservation value of protected areas and hitherto unprotected large patches of old-growth forests. Finally, the biodiversity conservation services provided by anthropogenic landscapes across Atlantic Forest and other tropical forest regions can be significantly augmented by coupling biodiversity corridor initiatives with biota-scale attempts to plug existing gaps in the representativeness of protected areas.  相似文献   

Risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families: a case-control study     

Silveira D  Taddei JA  Escrivão MA  Oliveira FL  Ancona-Lopez F 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(4):421-428

OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for overweight among Brazilian adolescents of low-income families. DESIGN: Case-control study of obese and non-obese adolescents. SETTING: Anthropometric survey including 1420 students (aged 14-19 years) attending a public high school in S?o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Selection of 83 overweight (body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile) and 89 non-overweight (BMI >5th percentile and <85th percentile) subjects, frequency-matched by age, gender, pubertal development and socio-economic status. Among the nutritional, familial and behavioural data available, five covariates (parents' obesity, adolescents' past obesity, to have a best friend, dietary restriction and habit of napping) were included in the fitted hierarchical conditional logistic regression models. MEASUREMENTS: Parents or guardians and adolescents were weighed, measured and answered a pre-tested questionnaire applied by trained nutritionists and paediatricians. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 15.2%. As previous risks, obese parents and obesity during infancy presented odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.23 (1.15-4.35) and 3.60 (1.47-8.80), respectively. As concurrent factors, the habit of napping, to have a best friend and reported dietary restriction presented OR (95% CI) of 3.43 (1.32-8.92), 5.15 (1.76-15.07) and 7.26 (2.95-17.88), respectively. Dietary patterns, frequency of obesogenic foods and other physical activity indicators presented no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: In case-control studies, OR may overestimate the true risks. Parents' obesity and previous childhood obesity were identified as risk factors; therefore these factors should be the target for preventive programmes and policies in order to prevent the burden of obesity in the near future.  相似文献   

Single layer centrifugation of fresh dromedary camel semen improves sperm quality and in vitro fertilization capacity compared with simple sperm washing          下载免费PDF全文

C Malo  EG Crichton  JM Morrell  BS Pukazhenthi  JA Skidmore 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):1097-1103

Single layer centrifugation (SLC) through a colloid is a tool for selecting viable mammalian spermatozoa but has not been used previously for fresh dromedary camel sperm. Semen from six camels (2 ejaculates/male) was diluted 1:5 (v:v) or 1:10 (v:v) in a Tris–citrate–fructose buffer for mechanical liquefaction by gentle pipetting. Following liquefaction, semen was processed either by SLC or by centrifugation without a colloid (control). Total and progressive motilities, CASA kinematics, vitality and acrosome integrity (eosin–nigrosin) and plasma membrane integrity (Hypo‐osmotic swelling test; HOST), and fertilizing ability in a heterologous assay (zona‐free goat oocytes) were evaluated. Both total (p = .003) and progressive motilities (p = .003) were higher in SLC‐processed than in control semen samples, irrespective of dilution. Positive HOST values increased when using colloid in 1:5 (p = .001) and 1:10 dilution (p = .010). Colloid‐selected sperm had higher penetration rates than controls (p < .001 and p = .02 for 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions, respectively). However, only the SLC sperm at 1:5 dilution showed higher percentages of pronuclear formation (p = .02) than controls. Dilution effect was only significant for total motility before in vitro fertilization, with higher values for the 1:5 dilution (p = .033). The recovery rates of motile sperm between dilutions were similar (26.1% vs 35.4%; p = .226). In conclusion, SLC is a promising tool for selecting functional dromedary camel sperm and warrants more research.  相似文献