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31.
Denise T Fantoni Gabriela G Marchioni Keila K Ida Juliana NB Belo André LV Zoppa Luis CLC Silva Aline M Ambrósio 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(4):367-374
ObjectiveTo assess the cardiopulmonary effects of ephedrine and phenylephrine for management of isoflurane‐induced hypotension in horses.Study designProspective randomized clinical study.AnimalsFourteen isoflurane‐anesthetized horses undergoing digital palmar neurectomy.MethodsEphedrine (EPH group; 0.02 mg kg?1 minute?1; n = 7) or phenylephrine (PHE group; 0.002 mg kg?1 minute?1; n = 7) was administered to all horses when mean arterial pressure (MAP) was <60 mmHg. The infusions were ended when the target MAP was achieved, corresponding to a 50% increase over the pre‐infusion MAP (baseline). The horses were instrumented with an arterial catheter to measure blood pressure and allow the collection of blood for pH and blood‐gas analysis and a Swan‐Ganz catheter for measurement of cardiac output using thermodilution. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded at baseline and at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after achieving the target MAP.ResultsIn both groups, the MAP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) increased significantly at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes post infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The EPH group had a significant increase in cardiac index (CI) and systemic oxygen delivery index at 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes post infusion compared to baseline (p < 0.05) and compared to the PHE group (p < 0.05). The PHE group had significantly higher SVR and no decrease in oxygen extraction compared with the EPH group at 30, 60 and 90 minutes post infusion (p < 0.05). No significant differences in ventilatory parameters were observed between groups after the infusion.ConclusionsEphedrine increased the MAP by increasing CI and SVR. Phenylephrine increased MAP by increasing SVR but cardiac index decreased. Ephedrine resulted in better tissue oxygenation than phenylephrine.Clinical relevanceEphedrine would be preferable to phenylephrine to treat isoflurane‐induced hypotension in horses since it increases blood flow and pressure. 相似文献
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George Nyarko Peter G. Alderson Jim Craigon Erik Murchie Debbie L. Sparkes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):678-682
SummaryCell membrane thermostability (CMT) and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) were determined for ten lines of cabbage in order to select heat-tolerant varieties, to provide an improved method to screen for heat tolerance, and to determine whether there is a relationship between CMT and CF. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, especially variable fluorescence (Fv) and the ratio between Fv and maximum fluorescence (Fm), were found to be better than CMT for screening cabbage lines for heat tolerance. Fv values and the Fv/Fm ratio of stressed plants corresponded to high heat damage for the varieties ‘HRI 002605’, ‘HRI 003202’, and ‘HRI 007827’; and to low heat damage for the varieties ‘HRI 013011’, ‘HRI 005237’, and ‘HRI 006556’. The latter group may therefore be more tolerant of high temperature stress in the tropics. There were significant relationships (P < 0.05) between relative injury (RI), an index of CMT, and two of the CF parameters [miniumum florescence (Fo) and Fv/Fm] under stress conditions (35° – 40°C). This suggests that parameters measured under stress temperatures are more reliable than those measured under non-stressed conditions when determining heat tolerance. 相似文献
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AIM: To estimate the incidence of clinical mastitis and the frequency of isolation of mastitis-causing organisms from clinical cases in one lactation season (July 2005 to May 2006) on 14 dairy farms from the Northland region of New Zealand. METHODS: Cases of clinical mastitis were determined by trained farm personnel who recorded the identity of affected cows. Pooled milk samples from affected quarter(s) were aseptically collected by the farm personnel, for microbiology. Mean numbers of affected cows and quarters were compared at the population and farm level per 305 cow-days-at-risk (DAR). RESULTS: One or more cases of clinical mastitis occurred in 559/3,765 (14.8%) lactating cows. The average incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.19 cases per 305 DAR. The incidence in rear quarters (56.2%) was 1.3 times (p=0.027) that of front quarters (43.8%). The incidence of clinical mastitis and numbers of affected quarters were signifi cantly infl uenced by the stage of lactation (higher in early lactation), age (higher in older cows) and farm. At the cow level, the most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (23.7%) and Streptococcus uberis (23.3%). No causative organisms were identifi ed in 19.9% of the samples. Each cow had an average of 1.8 quarters affected during a case of clinical mastitis. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated a higher incidence of staphylococcal clinical mastitis on dairy farms from Northland than has been reported in other regions of New Zealand. 相似文献
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As part of an approach to select potential mycoinsecticides for aphid biocontrol, we investigated the effects of temperature on the growth, germination and pathogenicity of some hyphomycete fungi. Commercially available mycoinsecticides (based on Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmermann) Viegas) and other isolates of B bassiana, V lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith were evaluated. The rate of in vitro conidial germination of all isolates was slower at 10 and 15 degrees C than at 20 and 25 degrees C. Similarly, in vitro growth of most isolates was adversely affected at 10 and 15 degrees C. The greatest reduction at 10 degrees C in rates of conidial germination and colony growth, compared with other temperatures, was for M anisopliae isolates. Germination of V lecanii (isolate HRI 1.72) was fastest at 10 degrees C compared with the other fungi. It was also the most pathogenic of three isolates tested against Aphis fabae Scopoli and Myzus persicae Sulzer at 10, 18 and 23 degrees C. Generally, A fabae was more susceptible than M persicae to infection by the fungal isolates tested. A significant interaction between aphid species and temperature indicated that the pathogenic nature of an isolate was dependent not only on the target aphid species but also the temperature conditions of the bioassay. The series of studies, detailed above, allowed a temperature profile to be formed for the different isolates. Verticillium lecanii isolate HRI 1.72 (commercialised as Vertalec) was the most promising isolate selected from results of the series of experiments. Temperature profiles in conjunction with infectivity assays can be useful in selecting appropriate isolates for a particular thermal environment. 相似文献
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Karalazos V Treasurer J Cutts CJ Alderson R Galloway TF Albrektsen S Arnason J MacDonald N Pike I Bell JG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5788-5795
Atlantic cod of initial mean weight approximately 220 g were fed a control diet and three diets in which fish meal (FM) was replaced with increasing levels of full-fat soybean meal (FFS) supplied at 12, 24, and 36% of dry diet, for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in final weights, but the specific growth rate (SGR) was significantly higher in fish fed the control (FFS0) diet compared to fish fed the FFS12 and FFS36 diets, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower in fish fed the FFS0 diet compared to the other three treatments. The fatty acid (FA) compositions of the cod muscle and liver were highly affected by dietary treatment, and linear relationships between dietary and tissue FA concentrations were shown for some of these. Moreover, selective utilization or accumulation in the tissues of specific FA was suggested by the results. 相似文献
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Tracheal rupture and stenosis are well-reported problems in human beings and cats following endotracheal intubation. However, this problem has been rarely reported in dogs. This case report describes a case of tracheal necrosis 5 days following endotracheal intubation in a dog associated with overinflation of the endotracheal tube cuff and multiple changes in position. 相似文献
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G. Kaparakis P. G. Alderson 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):186-190
SummarySomatic embryos of tomato, aubergine and pepper were initiated from intact seedlings when seeds were cultured on medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ). The percentage of explants producing somatic embryos was highest for aubergine on media containing low concentrations of BAP, i.e. 0–10 mg l–1, for tomato at 15–20 mg l–1 and for pepper at 40–80 mg l–1. Aubergine and tomato produced fewer somatic embryos per responsive seedling when cultured on medium containing TDZ, and pepper did not produce any somatic embryos on media containing 0–20 mg l–1 1 TDZ. Morphogenesis of the seedlings producing somatic embryos was similar for all the genotypes, i.e. the seedlings were dwarf, only the cotyledons expanded, development of the apical meristem and the root were suppressed and a ring-like crown of nodular tissue developed at the base of the hypocotyl from which somatic embryos were initiated. Co-cultivation of tomato and aubergine seeds with seeds of pepper in media containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg l–1 BAP inhibited somatic embryogenesis in tomato and aubergine instead of assisting somatic embryogenesis in pepper. This is discussed in relation to the recent findings for the induction of somatic embyrogenesis in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) and the role of BAP and TDZ. 相似文献
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S Notcovich G deNicolo NB Williamson A Grinberg N Lopez-Villalobos KR Petrovski 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(4):218-223
AIM: To compare the ability of four strains of Streptococcus uberis at two doses to induce clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows after intramammary inoculation in order to evaluate their usefulness for future experimental infection models.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four field strains of S. uberis (26LB, S418, and S523 and SR115) were obtained from cows with clinical mastitis in the Wairarapa and Waikato regions of New Zealand. Twenty-four crossbred lactating cows, with no history of mastitis and absence of major pathogens following culture of milk samples, were randomly allocated to four groups (one per strain) of six cows. Each cow was infused (Day 0) in one quarter with approximately 104 cfu and in the contralateral quarter with approximately 106 cfu of the same strain. The other two quarters remained unchallenged. All four quarters were then inspected for signs of clinical mastitis, by palpation and observation of the foremilk, twice daily from Days 0–9, and composite milk samples were collected from Days 0–8 for analysis of somatic cell counts (SCC). Quarters were treated with penicillin when clinical mastitis was observed. Duplicate milk samples were collected and cultured on presentation of each clinical case and on Day 4 from challenged quarters with no clinical signs.
RESULTS: Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 26/48 (54%) challenged quarters. Challenge with strain S418 resulted in more cases of mastitis (12/12 quarters) than strains SR115 (7/12), 26LB (6/12) or S523 (1/12), and the mean interval from challenge to first diagnosis of mastitis was shorter for S418 than the other strains (p<0.001). The proportion of quarters from which S. uberis could be isolated after challenge was less for strain 26LB (1/6) than SR115 (6/7) (p<0.05), and SCC following challenge was lower for strain S523 than the other strains (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences between the strains in the proportion of quarters developing clinical mastitis, the interval to mastitis onset, SCC following challenge and the proportion of clinical cases from which S. uberis could be isolated. These results illustrate the difference in the ability of S. uberis strains to cause mastitis and the severity of the infections caused.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Experimental challenge models can be used to compare infectivity and pathogenicity of different strains of mastitis-causing bacteria, the efficacy of pharmaceutical products and host-responses in a cost-effective manner. 相似文献