Russian science. Moscow plans tighter control of science academy's research money     

Allakhverdov A  Pokrovsky V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5767):1538

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Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in horses infected with equine infectious anaemia virus     

Bolfă PF  Leroux C  Pintea A  Andrei S  Cătoi C  Taulescu M  Tăbăran F  Spînu M 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,192(3):449-454

This study assesses the impact of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) infection on the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium of horses. Blood samples from 96 Romanian horses aged 1-25 years, were divided into different groups according to their EIAV-infection status, age, and time post-seroconversion. The effect of infection on oxidative stress was estimated by measuring enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and catalase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid and carotenoids), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]). Infection modified the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in the horses, influencing GPx and uric acid levels (P<0.05). Time post-seroconversion also contributed to oxidative stress imbalance, exhibiting a significant influence on both SOD and MDA concentrations in the blood (P<0.05). Animal age did not have a significant influence on oxidative stress. Recently infected horses (<1 year following seroconversion), and horses >5 years old, represented the most vulnerable category in terms of oxidative stress, followed by recently infected animals <5 years old. The results of this study are novel in implicating EIAV infection in the development of oxidative stress in horses.  相似文献   

Metapodials of ancient bison (Bison priscus) of northeast Russia: “stress markers,” sex and withers height     

Irina Vladimirovna KIRILLOVA  Fedor Kasperovich SHIDLOVSKIY  Andrei Valerievich ZINOVIEV 《Integrative zoology》2019,14(3):270-279

A total of 175 metapodials (MP) of Pleistocene and early Holocene bison (Bison priscus Boj.) from the vast area of northeast Russia were studied. MP were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically. Data on the withers height of bison from northeast Russia are provided. Stress markers were recorded, including so‐called “buttresses.” With rare exceptions, stress markers were not of a pathological nature. The origin and development of the buttresses are age‐related; their prevalence in bison females can be considered as the response to an increased load during pregnancy. Changes in the periosteum, found in males, are related to their greater activity. Buttresses are also well developed on metatarsals of the red deer and the elk; they are less developed in reindeer and not found in giant deer. A relationship among stress markers, locomotion and the environment is established. Possible peculiarities of the Rauchua River bison locomotion are discussed.  相似文献   

A Novel C1q Domain-Containing Protein Isolated from the Mollusk Modiolus kurilensis Recognizing Glycans Enriched with Acidic Galactans and Mannans     

Andrei V. Grinchenko  Alex von Kriegsheim  Nikita A. Shved  Anna E. Egorova  Diana V. Ilyaskina  Tatiana D. Karp  Nikolay V. Goncharov  Irina Y. Petrova  Vadim V. Kumeiko 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)

C1q domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a group of biopolymers involved in immune response as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in a lectin-like manner. A new protein MkC1qDC from the hemolymph plasma of Modiolus kurilensis bivalve mollusk widespread in the Northwest Pacific was purified. The isolation procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by affinity chromatography on pectin-Sepharose. The full-length MkC1qDC sequence was assembled using de novo mass-spectrometry peptide sequencing complemented with N-terminal Edman’s degradation, and included 176 amino acid residues with molecular mass of 19 kDa displaying high homology to bivalve C1qDC proteins. MkC1qDC demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains. MkC1qDC binds to a number of saccharides in Ca²⁺-dependent manner which characterized by structural meta-similarity in acidic group enrichment of galactose and mannose derivatives incorporated in diversified molecular species of glycans. Alginate, κ-carrageenan, fucoidan, and pectin were found to be highly effective inhibitors of MkC1qDC activity. Yeast mannan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN) and mucin showed an inhibitory effect at concentrations three orders of magnitude greater than for the most effective saccharides. MkC1qDC localized to the mussel hemal system and interstitial compartment. Intriguingly, MkC1qDC was found to suppress proliferation of human adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating to the biomedical potential of MkC1qDC protein.  相似文献   

Colorado Potato Beetle Response to Potato Plants Infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato Virus Y</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Potato Leafroll Virus</Emphasis>     

Everett Booth  Andrei Alyokhin 《American Journal of Potato Research》2016,93(3):213-223

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Rearrangement of bacterial community structure during peat diagenesis     

Andrei L. Barkovskii  Hirokazu Fukui  Johannes Leisen  Terence L. Marsh 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(1):135-143

The relationship between microbial diagenesis of Sphagnum peat (SP) and reed-sedge peat (RSP) and the spatial organization of peat bacterial communities was studied. Peats were aerobically incubated at 18-22 °C for 4 months. Changes in molecular composition of peat organic matter were monitored with solid-state ¹³C NMR, and the respective amount of functional groups was determined by integration of corresponding peaks. No abiotic peat transformation was detected. SP diagenesis caused about a 4% loss of parent materials with a similar yield of ketones, phenols, aromatic, and carbonyl compounds; whereas about 20% of RSP carbohydrates, along with ketones and methoxyl compounds were gradually transformed into carbonyl and aliphatic compounds. SP and RSP substantially varied in bacterial composition. To address spatial community structure, bacterial populations were dissected by a differential elution technique into three fractions based on the degree of their attachment to peat. Community composition was surveyed with T-RFLP (HhaI, MspI, and RsaI). The fragments were further attributed to freely-dispersed (FD), particle-associated (PA), or omnipresent (OMN) bacterial fractions. In both peats, bacterial communities have gradually shifted with the progress of diagenesis. In SP, numbers of exclusively FD or PA bacteria slightly decreased while in RSP their numbers more than doubled after 4-month incubation, and the number of OMN bacteria respectively decreased. The substantially greater changes in the spatial structure of RSP bacterial community compared to SP were consistent with the chemical transformations detected in these peats suggesting the diagenesis-driven divergence of RSP bacterial community into FD and PA sub-communities.  相似文献   

Assessing the Potential of Rhizobacteria to Survive under Phenanthrene Pollution   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sergey N. Golubev  Andrei V. Schelud’ko  Anna Yu. Muratova  Oleg E. Makarov  Olga V. Turkovskaya 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,198(1-4):5-16

Rhizobacteria possess a wide variety of qualities governing their pollutant-catabolic and rhizospheric competences. We investigated how the abilities to degrade phenanthrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to synthesize surfactants and the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to be motile, and to perform chemotaxis toward phenanthrene and some potential root-exudate components were manifested in rhizobacteria isolated from oil-polluted sites. We observed that most of the examined rhizobacteria had the abilities under consideration and that in some strains, these were strongly affected by the bacterial environment. Only one strain—Sinorhizobium meliloti P221—exhibited increased PAH-degrading, surfactant-producing, and IAA-synthesizing activities, as well as distinct behavioral responses. We conclude that S. meliloti P221 can be used as a model to assess the contributions of all these activities to plant-inoculation-induced reduction in the soil PAH contents. This strain also may be useful for phytoremediation applications.  相似文献   

Experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus): Early detection and late stage distribution of protease-resistant prion protein     

Aru Balachandran  Noel P. Harrington  James Algire  Andrei Soutyrine  Terry R. Spraker  Martin Jeffrey  Lorenzo González  Katherine I. O’Rourke 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(2):169-178

Chronic wasting disease (CWD), an important emerging prion disease of cervids, is readily transmitted by intracerebral or oral inoculation from deer-to-deer and elk-to-elk, suggesting the latter is a natural route of exposure. Studies of host range susceptibility to oral infection, particularly of those species found in habitats where CWD currently exists are imperative. This report describes the experimental transmission of CWD to red deer following oral inoculation with infectious CWD material of elk origin. At 18 to 20 months post-inoculation, mild to moderate neurological signs and weight loss were observed and animals were euthanized and tested using 3 conventional immunological assays. The data indicate that red deer are susceptible to oral challenge and that tissues currently used for CWD diagnosis show strong abnormal prion (PrP^CWD) accumulation. Widespread peripheral PrP^CWD deposition involves lymphoreticular tissues, endocrine tissues, and cardiac muscle and suggests a potential source of prion infectivity, a means of horizontal transmission and carrier state.  相似文献   

Persistence and Profiles of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Swine Farms and Impact of Operational Practices on Their Occurrence in Farms’ Vicinities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrei L. Barkovskii  Candace Bridges 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(1):49-62

Animal farms are recognized as a major contributor to environmental pollution with antibiotic resistance genes, the persistence at the source and the discharge routes to the environment of which need better understanding. The presence of 16 tetracycline resistance genes (TRG) was assessed in feed, feces, manure lagoons, and the vicinities of three Georgia swine farms varied on antibiotic usage and other operational characteristics. In these farms, TRG profiles of feces and lagoons were composed of the same “persistent” and “transient” genes, with the former consistently observed in farms’ proximities and the latter quickly attenuated in the lagoons. Fourteen TRG incidents, 13 of which occurred in gullies, ponds, and creeks, were detected around farms. Their frequency correlated to the cumulative antibiotic usage (R ² = 0.99), number of lagoons (R ² = 0.73), and precipitation (R ² = 0.83), but not to the size of herd or the amount of manure used for fertilization. Gene-specific amplicons of TRG from the farms’ proximities were similar to those of “persistent” TRG from corresponding farms. Our data suggested the independency of TRG profiles of antibiotic usage, variability in TRG persistence in manure lagoons, correlations between operational practices and TRG incidence in farms’ vicinities, and spills and seepage from lagoons as TRG environmental routes.  相似文献   

Investigation of the effects of experimental autolysis on the detection of abnormal prion protein in lymphoid and central nervous system tissues from elk and sheep using the Western blotting method     

Huang H  Soutyrine A  Rendulich J  O'Rourke K  Balachandran A 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(1):69-72

Tissues unsuitable for standard immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations for chronic wasting disease (CWD) in cervids and for scrapie in sheep are frequently submitted for testing. This study investigated the effects of experimental autolysis on the detection of abnormal prion protein (PrPsc) in lymphoid and central nervous system (CNS) tissues from elk and sheep. The PrPsc was detected using a Western blotting (WB) test following PrPsc enrichment using sodium phosphotungstic acid (PTA) precipitation (PTA-WB). A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used as a reference test for quantitative measurement. This study showed that the amount of PrPsc in lymphoid and CNS tssues from elk and sheep decreased gradually as a result of autolysis, but PrPsc was still detectable after 5 and 15 d incubation at 37°C by PTA-WB for all lymphoid and CNS samples. The results of the ELISA supported those of PTA-WB, particularly for CNS tissues. In conclusion, autolysis at 37°C for 15 d would not significantly affect the detection of PrPsc in lymphoid and CNS tissues by WB and ELISA and, particularly, PTA-WB is a valuable and alternative confirmatory test to detect PrPsc in autolyzed lymphoid and CNS samples.  相似文献