Response of Chickens to Infection with Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from a Guinea Fowl     

Mishra S  Kataria JM  Verma KC  Sah RL 《Tropical animal health and production》2000,32(5):277-284

An isolate of Newcastle disease virus obtained from a guinea fowl was characterized as a viscerotropic velogenic strain based upon pathogenicity index studies. Following inoculation of the viral isolate oronasally into 3-week-old chickens, clinical signs appeared after an incubation period of 4–5 days and included dullness, depression, dyspnoea, diarrhoea and leg paralysis. The virus caused a mortality of 56% with haemorrhages at the tip of the glands of the proventriculus and caecal tonsil. Histopathological changes were prominent in the lymphoid organs, being characterized by depletion, degeneration and necrosis of the lymphoid tissues. The brain was the first organ affected, with changes being noticed 3 days after infection. Isolation of virus from various organs was more frequent from 5 to 10 days after infection, but the virus persisted in some of the organs until 21 days after infection. In spite of the high mortality, a good immune response was elicited by the isolate, as was evident from the antibody titre.  相似文献   

Preliminary observations of genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) to chronic wasting disease by experimental oral inoculation.     

Amir N Hamir  Thomas Gidlewski  Terry R Spraker  Janice M Miller  Lynn Creekmore  Michelle Crocheck  Thomas Cline  Katherine I O'Rourke 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(1):110-114

To compare the genetic susceptibility of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) with various alleles of the PRNP gene, which encodes the normal cellular prion protein, to chronic wasting disease (CWD), eight 8-month-old elk calves of 3 genotypes (2 132MM, 2 132LM, and 4 132LL) were orally dosed with CWD-infected brain material from elk. During postinoculation (PI) month 23, both 132MM elk had lost appetite, developed clinical signs of weight loss and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and were euthanized. Two other elk (both 132LM) developed similar clinical signs of disease and were euthanized during PI month 40. All 4 affected elk had microscopic lesions of spongiform encephalopathy (SE), and PrPres, the disease-associated form of the prion protein, was detected in their CNS and lymphoid tissues by use of immunohistochemical (IHC) and Western blot (WB) techniques. These findings indicate that elk with MM and LM at codon 132 are susceptible to orally inoculated CWD. All 4 LL elk are alive at PI year 4 and are clinically normal, which suggests that 132LL elk may have reduced susceptibility to oral infection with CWD-infected material or may have prolonged incubation time.  相似文献   

非合格种蛋孵化的商品肉鸡生产性能     

Gary D Butcher  Amir H Nilipour  耿慧娟 《中国家禽》2006,28(18):35-36

集约化商品肉鸡生产企业的目标是每只入舍母鸡能够生产出最大数量的可孵化种蛋和最多的高质量雏鸡。在适当的饲养管理条件下,一只母鸡产蛋可超过180个,鸡肉产量达到270kg。这些生产数据在鸡只之间存在着非常大的差距,其原因可追溯至种蛋的收集标准、储存条件和孵化条件。在坚持种蛋选择与分级的基础上进行常规性的饲养管理,生产企业获得最大收益的目标不难实现。  相似文献   

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based co-agglutination test to detect enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic neonatal calves     

Brajesh C. Varshney  N.M. Ponnanna  Pranati A. Sarkar  Pragna Rehman  Jigar H. Shah 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(1):57-64

Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were collected from young diarrheic calves in farms and field. Strains that expressed the K99 (F5) antigen were identified by agglutination tests using reference antibodies to K99 antigen and electron microscopy. The K99 antigen from a selected field strain (SAR-14) was heat-extracted and fractionated on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Further purification was carried out by sodium deoxycholate treatment and/or ion-exchange chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies to purified K99 antigen were produced by the hybridoma technique, and a specific clone, NEK99-5.6.12, was selected for propagation in tissue culture. The antibodies, thus obtained, were affinity-purified, characterized and coated onto Giemsa-stained Cowan-I strain of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibody-coated S. aureus were used in a co-agglutination test to detect K99+ E. coli isolated from feces of diarrheic calves. The specificity of the test was validated against reference monoclonal antibodies used in co-agglutination tests, as well as in ELISA. Specificity of the monoclonal antibodies was also tested against various Gram negative bacteria. The developed antibodies specifically detected purified K99 antigen in immunoblots, as well as K99+ E. coli in ELISA and co-agglutination tests. The co-agglutination test was specific and convenient for large-scale screening of K99+ E. coli isolates.  相似文献   

Guided bone regeneration with beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone membrane in partial defects of canine humerus     

Taehoon Oh  Md. Mizanur Rahman  Ji-Hey Lim  Mi-Sun Park  Dae-Yong Kim  Jung-hee Yoon  Wan Hee Kim  Masanori Kikuchi  Junzo Tanaka  Yoshihisa Koyama  Oh-Kyeong Kweon 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2006,7(1):73-77

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of beta-tricalcium phosphate and poly L-lactide-co-glycolide-co-epsilon-caprolactone (TCP/PLGC) membrane in the repair of partial bone defects in canine proximal humerus. Three adult mixed-breed dogs were used during the experimental period. The length of the defect was quarter of the full length of humerus, and width of the defect was quarter of middle diameter of the lateral aspect of humerus. The humeri of each dog were divided into treatment (TCP/PLGC) and control groups. The defect was covered with TCP/PLGC membrane in treatment group. To evaluate regeneration of the bone, computerized tomography (CT) and histopathologic examination were performed. The radiopaque lines were appeared at the original defect sites in TCP/PLGC group but below the original site in control at 4th week. Radiopacity and thickness of the defect sites, and radiopaque lines were more increased at 8th week than those of 4th week. Histopathologic findings revealed fibrous connective tissue migration into the defect and the migration inhibited the structure of new cortex to be placed in the original level in control whereas new cortex growth was found in the level of original line in TCP/PLGC group. However, the new cortical bone in the TCP/PLGC group was thinner and less organized than the adjacent intact cortex, and the amount of new cancellous bones were also scanty. The result suggested that TCP/PLGC membrane is a good guided bone regeneration material to restore the original morphology of humerus in partial defect.  相似文献   

Modelling of soil nutrient budgets: an assessment of agricultural sustainability in Nepal     

S. Brown  H. Schreier  P.B. Shah  L.M. Lavkulich 《Soil Use and Management》1999,15(2):101-108

Abstract. Sustaining soil fertility under agricultural intensification and expansion onto marginal lands is a significant challenge in the Nepalese Middle Mountains. In a detailed watershed study it was shown that the overall soil fertility is poor, forest soils display the poorest conditions as a result of biomass removal, and sustaining agriculture is questionable due to the transformation from traditional to multiple cropping systems. Parent material is a significant factor influencing low phosphorus status while insufficient inputs create deficiencies in total carbon, nitrogen and bases. A nutrient budget model was developed to assess inputs, redistribution and losses relative to soil fertility. Yield, input and management data obtained from farm interviews, and soil analysis data were used in the calculation of nutrient budgets. Results from modelling indicate declining soil fertility under rainfed agriculture, forest and rangelands, and marginal conditions under irrigated agriculture subject to intensive cultivation. Nutrient deficits were relatively low for irrigated rice-wheat systems, which benefit from nutrient inputs via sediments and irrigation waters, but the introduction of triple cropping showed greater deficits. Nutrient balances were most critical under rainfed maize production where 94% of the farms were in deficit. Current shortages of organic matter make elimination of nutrient deficits problematic but improvement of composting, biological N-fixation and fertilizer efficiency and reducing erosion were found to be potential options.  相似文献   

Salinity control in multi-quality irrigation networks — Kibbutz Hamadia feasibility study     

Meelit Shah  Gideon Sinai 《Agricultural Water Management》1985,10(3):235-252

A farm-scale water supply system of Kibbutz Hamadia in Israel has been analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility of controlling water quality by using a multi-quality network so as to meet the various water quality requirements at the consumer outlets. The irrigation network has been analyzed in steady-state and transient conditions. The results show the importance of the setting of the degree of opening of the control valves to prevent a shift in the dilution point. The quality of water supplied to the consumers was found to change significantly during the transition period and the consequences of this lag time have been shown.This method offers an alternative to a dual or even multiple water distribution system.  相似文献   

The incidence of canine haematozoa in peninsular Malaysia     

C. Rajamanickam  E. Wiesenhutter  F.Md. Zin  J. Hamid 《Veterinary parasitology》1985,17(2):151-157

In 3 urban areas in Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia between 1973 and 1981, blood from 4080 dogs was examined for haematozoa. The following frequencies were found: Babesia gibsoni 17.7%; microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis 9.6%; Hepatozoon canis 1.2%; B. canis 1.1%; Ehrlichia canis 0.2%; Trypanosoma evansi 0.1%. A detailed examination of B. gibsoni infections and microfilariasis due to D. immitis with regards to monthly distribution, breed frequency, sex and age, revealed that pedigree and non-pedigree dogs were equally susceptible to Babesia and microfilariae infections.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial activity of Securinega leucopyrus     

L. Md. Bakshu  A. Jeevan Ram  R. R. Venkata Raju   《Fitoterapia》2001,72(8)

Extracts of the leaves of Securinega leucopyrus exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity.  相似文献   

孟加拉涝原地区村林居住的宗教社团偏爱的乔木和灌木树种及使用的造林材料研究     

Md.DaneshMiah MohammadMoshiurRahman 《林业研究》2004,15(1):55-60

2002年1月至6月对孟加拉涝原地区两个不同的宗教部落(印度教和穆斯林教)的传统家园森林进行了探索性研究，包括印度教和穆斯林教社团对树种(乔木和灌木)的偏爱度、类似性、造林材料及来源、植树地点和间距。研究发现Mangifera indica作为乔木树种，Ocimum sanctum作为灌木树种为印度教社团最喜爱的树种；Artocarpus heterophyllus和Lawsonia inermis分别为穆斯林社团最喜爱乔木树种和灌木树种。两中不同宗教社团选择乔木数种的相同性为86．57％，灌木树种为78．48％。两个宗教部落使用种子和苗木作为造林材料最多。乔木树种的造林材料主要来自家园(39％)灌木树种主要来自自然界(40％)。表3参27。  相似文献