A review of aquatic weed biology and management research conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service     

Anderson LW 《Pest management science》2003,59(6-7):801-813

Ever-increasing demand for water to irrigate crops, support aquaculture, provide domestic water needs and to protect natural aquatic and riparian habitats has necessitated research to reduce impacts from a parallel increase in invasive aquatic weeds. This paper reviews the past 4-5 years of research by USDA-ARS covering such areas as weed biology, ecology, physiology and management strategies, including herbicides, biological control and potential for use of natural products. Research approaches range from field-level studies to highly specific molecular and biochemical work, spanning several disciplines and encompassing the most problematic weeds in these systems. This research has led to new insights into plant competition, host-specificity, and the fate of aquatic herbicides, their modes of action and effects on the environment. Another hallmark of USDA-ARS research has been its many collaborations with other federal, state action and regulatory agencies and private industry to develop new solutions to aquatic weed problems that affect our public natural resources and commercial enterprises.  相似文献   

Circular external skeletal fixation stabilization of antebrachial and crural fractures in 25 dogs     

Anderson GM  Lewis DD  Radasch RM  Marcellin-Little DJ  Degna MT  Cross AR 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2003,39(5):479-498

Fracture stabilization using circular external skeletal fixation was evaluated in 14 dogs with antebrachial fractures and 11 dogs with crural fractures. Most dogs were consistently weight bearing on the stabilized limb by 3 days following surgery. Although all dogs developed minor wire/pin tract inflammation and eight dogs developed major wire/pin tract inflammation, postoperative lameness was not consistently associated with wire/pin tract complications. Fractures in 23 dogs achieved radiographic union (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 61 +/- 21 days; median, 57 days) without additional surgery; two dogs required restabilization of their fractures with linear fixators. Twenty of the 21 owners that could be contacted felt their dog had no (n=15) or only a mild (n=5) intermittent lameness at the time of final, long-term (mean +/- SD, 37 +/- 17 months; median, 42 months) assessment.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Multiple metallic objects, presumed to be BB pellets, in the soft tissues surrounding the pelvis and near the penile urethra     

Sundal JA  Anderson KL  Feeney DA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(9):1293-1294

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Trichostrongylid infections in sheep after rainfall during summer in southern Australia     

Niven P  Anderson N  Vizard AL 《Australian veterinary journal》2002,80(9):567-570

OBJECTIVE: To relate trichostrongylid infections acquired by sheep during summer to prevailing weather conditions. PROCEDURE: Groups of worm-free 'tracer' sheep were put onto pastures, previously contaminated with trichostrongylid eggs, for successive periods of 2 weeks from December to March. After grazing the sheep were housed for 6 weeks. Weekly worm egg counts and worm counts were used to estimate the numbers of worms acquired and related to weather conditions during the grazing period. RESULTS: No worm eggs were detected in the faeces of sheep that grazed at the end of January when only 7 mm of rainfall was recorded. At other times rainfall between 12 and 24 mm occurred and strongyle egg counts were generally either < 50 or > 150 eggs per g (epg). Mean counts of 1,100 Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus adults gave rise to mean counts of about 350 epg whereas about 6,000 Nematodirus spp were associated with mean egg counts of about 200 Nematodirus spp epg. CONCLUSIONS: Rainfall events during summer determine the numbers of trichostrongylid larvae acquired by sheep in summer but further studies are necessary before the implications for strategic control programs in southern Australia can be fully assessed.  相似文献   

Preliminary evaluation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG,a potential probiotic in dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Weese JS  Anderson ME 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(10):771-774

Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) has been studied extensively as a probiotic in humans. However, the ability of an organism to survive passage through the intestinal tract and exert beneficial effects cannot be directly extrapolated between species. This study evaluated the ability of LGG to survive gastrointestinal transit in dogs and assessed whether oral administration of LGG is safe, in order to determine whether studies evaluating the efficacy of LGG in the treatment of canine disease are indicated. Dogs were divided into 5 groups receiving doses of 0 (control group, n = 4), 1 x 10(9) (group 1, n = 8), 1 x 10(10) (group 2, n = 8), 5 x 10(10) (group 3, n = 8) and 5 x 10(11) (group 4, n = 4) colony forming units per day, orally, for 5 days. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was detected in the feces of 4/8 dogs in groups 1 and 2, 5/8 dogs in group 3, 4/4 dogs in group 4, and 0/4 dogs in the control group. Fecal colonization was significantly greater in group 4 than in any other group (P < 0.001). Differences between groups 1, 2, and 3 were not significant. No adverse effects were noted. Fecal colonization of LGG in dogs is somewhat variable; however, clinical studies are indicated to evaluate this organism in the treatment and prevention of canine disease.  相似文献   

The Control of Rinderpest in Tanzania between 1997 and 1998     

Taylor WP  Roeder PL  Rweyemamu MM  Melewas JN  Majuva P  Kimaro RT  Mollel JN  Mtei BJ  Wambura P  Anderson J  Rossiter PB  Kock R  Melengeya T  Van den Ende R 《Tropical animal health and production》2002,34(6):471-487

In January 1997, Tanzania requested international assistance against rinderpest on the grounds that the virus had probably entered the country from southern Kenya. Over the next few months, a variety of attempts were made to determine the extent of the incursion by searching for serological and clinical evidence of the whereabouts of the virus. At the clinical level, these attempts were hampered by the low virulence of the strain, and at the serological level by the lack of a baseline against which contemporary interpretations could be made. Once it became apparent that neither surveillance tool was likely to produce a rapid result, an infected area was declared on common-sense grounds and emergency vaccination was initiated. The vaccination programme had two objectives, firstly to prevent any further entry across the international border, and secondly to contain and if possible eliminate rinderpest from those districts into which it had already entered. On the few occasions that clinical rinderpest was subsequently found, it was always within this provisional infected area. Emergency vaccination campaigns within the infected area ran from January to the end of March 1997 but were halted by the onset of the long rains. At this time, seromonitoring in two districts showed that viral persistence was still theoretically possible and therefore a second round of emergency vaccination was immediately organized. Further seromonitoring then indicated a large number of villages with population antibody prevalences of over 85%. These populations were considered to have been `immunosterilized'. Although no clinical disease had been observed in them, it was decided to undertake additional vaccination in a group of districts to the south of the infected area. Serosurveillance indicated that rinderpest could have been present in a number of these districts prior to vaccination. Serosurveillance in 1998 suggested that numerous vaccinated animals had probably moved into districts outside the infected and additional vaccination areas, but did not rule out the continued presence of field infection.  相似文献   

Effects of human recombinant interleukin-1beta on canine articular chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cook JL  Anderson CC  Kreeger JM  Tomlinson JL 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(7):766-770

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of interleukin (IL)-1beta on matrix synthesis and degradation by chondrocytes cultured in a 3-dimensional (3-D) gel medium. SAMPLE POPULATION: Chondrocytes from 7 dogs. PROCEDURE: Articular chondrocytes were harvested and cultured in 3-D gel medium alone or with 10 or 20 ng IL-1beta/ml that was added beginning on day 0, 3, 6, or 9. On days 3, 6, 12, and 20 of 3-D culture, samples of the liquid medium were evaluated for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3 content. The 3-D plug in each well was evaluated for histologic characteristics of viability, cell morphology, and proteoglycan staining, immunohistochemically stained for collagen type II, and spectrophotometrically analyzed for GAG content. RESULTS: Significant differences for all variables were detected between controls and each IL-1beta group, among groups with different IL-1beta concentrations, and among groups with IL-1beta added at various time points. Chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta had loss of GAG, increased PGE2 and MMP-3 concentrations, and lack of collagen type-II synthesis. These IL-1beta effects appeared to be time and concentration dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of IL-1beta to chondrocytes in 3-D gel medium results in time- and concentration-dependent effects on matrix synthesis and degradation and provides an appropriate in vitro model for many of the pathophysiologic events associated with osteoarthritis.  相似文献   

Management of inflammatory polyps in 37 cats     

Anderson DM  Robinson RK  White RA 《The Veterinary record》2000,147(24):684-687

The case records of 37 cats treated for nasopharyngeal or aural inflammatory polyps were reviewed. Thirty of them were managed conservatively with the polyp being removed by traction alone. Long-term follow-up information was available for 22 cats, of which 13 (59 per cent) had no recurrence of clinical signs. The remaining nine cats required recurrent polyps to be removed surgically. Cats with only nasopharyngeal polyps were nearly four times more likely to be cured by traction alone than cats with aural polyps, and none of the cats that was treated with prednisolone after traction suffered a recurrence. Cats with more severe aural signs were more likely to require surgery.  相似文献   

Synovial fluid analysis in cattle: a review of 130 cases     

Rohde C  Anderson DE  Desrochers A  St-Jean G  Hull BL  Rings DM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2000,29(4):341-346

OBJECTIVE: To compare synovial fluid characteristics of cattle with infectious and noninfectious arthritis. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. ANIMAL OR SAMPLE POPULATION: 130 cattle. METHODS: Synovial fluid was analyzed for total nucleated cell count (NCC), absolute number and percentages of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear cells, total protein (TP) concentration, and specific gravity. Cattle were categorized as having infectious or noninfectious arthritis based on physical and lameness examinations, joint radiographs, and microbial culture results. Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare synovial fluid analysis data from different categories. Selection of cut-off values for the calculation of likelihood ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was based on examination of the distribution of the data using histograms. RESULTS: Cattle with infectious arthritis had significantly higher numbers of total NNC, PMN cells, TP concentration, and specific gravity (P = .0001) and a significantly higher percentage of PMN cells compared with cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P = .0001). The percentage of mononuclear cells was significantly higher in cattle with noninfectious arthritis (P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Synovial fluid analysis is useful for differentiation of infectious and noninfectious causes of joint disease in cattle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cattle with a synovial fluid total NCC > 25,000 cells/microL, a PMN cell count > 20,000 cells/microL or more than 80% PMN cells, and TP > 4.5 g/dL should be considered to have infectious arthritis.  相似文献   

Efficacy of doramectin against naturally acquired nematode infection in Iberian swine   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Reina D  Anderson L  Habela M  Weatherley AJ  Navarrete I 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,89(1-2):139-147

Studies were carried out to determine the therapeutic efficacy of doramectin, administered intramuscularly at a dose of 300 microg/kg live weight, against naturally acquired helminths of extensively farmed Iberian pigs. The first study (slaughter study) evaluated, through necropsy of the study animals, the product's efficacy against gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes (Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Metastrongylus sp.) whilst the second, faecal egg count reduction study, (FECR study) evaluated the drug's efficacy only against gastrointestinal helminths (A. suum, Trichuris suis and Oesophagostomum sp.).The first study used 20 animals divided into two equal groups of 10 on the basis of body weight and faecal egg count. One group constituted saline treated controls and the other was doramectin treated. On Day 14 post treatment half of the animals in each group were necropsied and the number of parasites present counted. On Day 15 the remaining half of each group underwent the same procedure. The second study was carried out with 40 animals divided equally into two groups of 20. This study determined the effect of doramectin treatment on faecal egg counts as an indicator of parasite burden.The first study demonstrated an efficacy of 100% against adult Metastrongylus sp. and A. suum, whilst the efficacy against O.dentatum was 96.3%. The second study indicated that at Day 21 post treatment there was a 100% reduction in egg counts in faeces in comparison to untreated controls.  相似文献