Growth Response of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to Dietary L-Ascorbic Acid, L-Ascorbyl-2-Sulfate, and L-Ascorbyl-2-Polyphosphate     

Ali E.  Abdelghany 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):449-455

Abstract.— Purified diets were formulated and fed to seven groups of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloricus fingerlings for 12 weeks. Six of the formulated diets contained 5 or 50 mg/kg of ascorbic acid equivalent supplied either by L-ascorbic acid (AA), L-ascorbyl-2-sulfate (AS) or L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (APP). The seventh basal diet was ascorbate-free and served as the control. The study indicated that APP or AS was more effectively utilized as a source of vitamin C than equimolar AA in promoting growth, improving food conversion, and preventing scurvy in Nile tilapia. Fish fed the ascorbate-free diet and the diet containing 5 mg AA/kg exhibited external signs of scurvy at 10 weeks. Diets containing 5 mg/kg of ascorbic acid from AS or APP provided some growth with no overt signs of scurvy indicating that this concentration of AS and APP might be near the minimum requirements for the species. The best growth, food conversion ratio, survival rate, and ascorbic acid content in liver were obtained with the diet containing 50 mg ascorbate equivalent/kg diet from APP followed by the diet containing 50 mg ascorbate equivalent/kg diet from AS. Fish fed diets with 50 mg ascorbic acidkg diet from AS and APP gained 27.9% and 36.2% more weight, respectively, than fish fed diets with 50 mg ascorbic acidkg diet from AA. These results indicated nearly equal ascorbic acid activity from AS and APP.  相似文献   

近15年阿勒泰市向日葵发育期及其光热水资源变化     

李海花  黄阿丽  刘大锋 《中国农学通报》2015,31(24):111-115

为了拓展气象服务领域,解决当地主要经济作物向日葵生产中有关农业气象方面的问题。利用阿勒泰国家基准站2000—2014年观测资料,对阿勒泰市向日葵发育期的光热水资源变化,及各发育期日期与≥0℃积温、日照时数和降水量的相关性进行研究。结果表明:全发育期天数的变化呈增加趋势,出苗期、全发育期通过信度(P=0.10)的正相关显著性检验;全发育期的≥0℃积温和日照时数呈线性增加趋势变化,出苗期≥0℃积温、日照时数与年份的相关系数均通过信度(P=0.10)的正相关显著性检验;全发育期的降水量呈弱的线性减少趋势变化。造成这些差异的主要原因可能是各年的气候条件不同,其次是各年份的栽培条件、田间管理(如灌溉、施肥、病虫害防治)等非气象因子的不同所致,各年作物的生长及发育都是气象因子和非气象因子共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

Heterosis for yield and related characters in pea     

P. Sarawat  F. L. Stoddard  D. R. Marshall  S. M. Ali 《Euphytica》1994,80(1-2):39-48

Summary To determine the levels of heterosis in F1 hybrids, four current pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars from southern Australia were used as female parents and crossed with 18 introduced genotypes. The 22 parents, 72 F1 hybrids and, depending on the environment, either 54 or all 72 F2 families were grown in replicated plots in four environments. Grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, branches per plant, pods per plant, seeds per pod, hundred seed weight, plant height, onset of flowering and flowering periods were evaluated. For both the F1 and F2 generation, heterosis was determined as the superiority over the mid-parent and also over the better parent. In addition, the superiority over the best commercial cultivar was calculated. Most hybrids were higher yielding than their mid-parent but were less stable in yield across environments. Four F1 hybrids were significantly higher yielding than the best parent, by up to 26%. There were significant correlations between F1 hybrid and mid-parent value for plant height, pods per plant and hundred seed weight but not for yield. Overall, grain yield heterosis was mainly due to more pods per plant in the hybrids. The level of heterosis for yield in a poor yielding environment was higher than that in a high yielding one. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in the expression of all studied traits. The average level of heterosis for grain yield and total dry matter in the F2 population was half of that in F1 hybrids. The low level of inbreeding depression from the F1 to the F2 generation suggested that epistatic gene action also contributed to the expression of grain yield. Some F2 populations maintained the high yield levels of the corresponding F1 hybrids.  相似文献   

Potato germplasm enhancement for resistance to biotic stresses at CIP. Conventional and biotechnology-assisted approaches using a wide range of Solanum species     

Kazuo N. Watanabe  Matilde Orrillo  Ali M. Golmirzaie 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):457-464

Summary Potato genetic improvement has been facilitated using new knowledge of potato reproductive biology and new techniques. Many wild diploid species as well as landrace cultivars have been used in breeding at the diploid level, a strategy which is supported by 1) 2n gametes and 2) haploids from tetraploid cultivars. Different categories of wild species which have been under-utilized are now being exploited further in more systematic enhancement programmes using semi-conventional and biotechnological methods. Molecular maps of the potato genome are used actively to achieve marker-assisted introgression and improved selection among the germplasm collections to facilitate the use of valuable wild genetic resources. As an alternative method to incorporate a high level of fesistance, genetic engineering has been employed to facilitate the initial breeding process using various gene constructs for controlling major biotic stresses in the world.  相似文献   

Path analysis of the relationships between seed yield and some morphological and phenological traits in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)     

Ali Mokhtassi Bidgoli  Gholam Ali Akbari  Mohammad Javad Mirhadi  Eskandar Zand  Saeid Soufizadeh 《Euphytica》2006,148(3):261-268

Path analysis was performed on plant characters of six safflower genotypes grown in a two year field experiment to determine for seed yield, the direct and indirect effects of the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, number of seeds/m², number of seeds/capitulum, number of capitula/plant, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, plant height, number of days to the beginning of branching, number of days to the beginning of flowering, number of days to 50% flowering, number of days to full flowering and flowering duration. Seed yield was significantly correlated with the following traits: total biomass, stem yield, capitulum diameter, 1000-seed weight, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, number of days to the beginning of branching and flowering duration. Total biomass, seed weight/capitulum, distance between ground level and the first fertile branch, 1000-seed weight and flowering duration had substantial direct effects, in that order, on enhancement of seed yield. The significant positive correlation coefficient of capitulum diameter with seed yield resulted from positive indirect effects of total biomass, seed weight/capitulum and 1000-seed weight. Conversely, the significant negative correlations between number of days to the beginning of branching and distance between ground level and the first fertile branch and seed yield resulted from negative indirect effects of the same three traits. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 94% of the total variation in seed yield could be explained by variation in total biomass and by number of days to the beginning of branching (84 and 10%, respectively). Results suggest that total biomass and number of days to the beginning of branching are primary selection criteria for improving seed yield in safflower.  相似文献   

Expression of a Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides source of Fusarium head blight resistance transferred to synthetic hexaploid wheat     

K. D. Hartel    W. A. Berzonsky    S. F. Kianian  S. Ali 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(6):516-519

Yield and quality reductions caused by Fusarium head blight (FHB) have spurred spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders to identify and develop new sources of host plant resistance. Four wheat synthetic hexaploids (×Aegilotriticum sp.) were developed, each having a quantitative trait locus (QTL), Qfhs.ndsu‐3AS, providing FHB resistance from Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides chromosome 3A. Synthetics were produced by hybridizing a ‘Langdon’‐T. dicoccoides‐ recombinant chromosome 3A substitution line (2n = 4x = 28, AABB with two accessions of T. tauschii (2n= 2x = 14, DD). Synthetics were inoculated and evaluated for FHB resistance in two separate greenhouse seasons. One synthetic, 01NDSWG‐5, exhibited FHB severity ratings of 36% and 32% in the separate seasons, compared with ratings of 9% and 30% for ‘Alsen’, a FHB‐resistant spring cultivar, and ratings of 70% and 96% for ‘McNeal’, a susceptible spring cultivar, respectively. Synthetic × Alsen backcross‐derived lines were produced to initiate combining different sources of FHB resistance.  相似文献   

Combining ability through line × tester analysis for phenological,seed yield,and oil traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)     

Shahnaz Memon  Muhammad Jurial Baloch  Gul Muhammad Baloch  Wajid Ali Jatoi 《Euphytica》2015,204(1):199-209

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Molecular Markers for the Classification of Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Germplasm and to Assess Genetic Diversity in Three Synthetic Switchgrass Populations     

Ali M. Missaoui  Andrew H. Paterson  Joseph H. Bouton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1291-1302

Information regarding the amount of genetic diversity is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of breeding programs and germplasm conservation efforts. Genetic variation between 21 switchgrass genotypes randomly selected from two lowland (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) and one upland (‘Summer’) synthetic cultivars were estimated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Comparison of 85 RFLP loci revealed 92% polymorphism between at least two genotypes from the upland and lowland ecotypes. Within ecotypes, the upland genotypes showed higher polymorphism than lowland genotypes (64% vs. 56%). ‘Kanlow’ had a lower percent of polymorphic loci than ‘Alamo’ (52% vs. 60%). Jaccard distances revealed higher genetic diversity between upland and lowland ecotypes than between genotypes within each ecotype. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's minimum variance grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, one representing the upland group and the other the lowland group. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast non-coding region trnL (UAA) intron sequences from 34 switchgrass accessions (6 upland cultivars, 2 lowland cultivars, and 26 accessions of unknown affiliation) produced a neighbor-joining dendrogram comprised of two major clusters with 99% bootstrap support. All accessions grouped in the same cluster with the lowland cultivars (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) had a deletion of 49 nucleotides. Phenotypic identification of greenhouse-grown plants showed that all accessions with the deletion are of the lowland type. The deletion in trnL (UAA) sequences appears to be specific to lowland accessions and should be useful as a DNA marker for the classification of upland and lowland germplasm.  相似文献   

Definition der Vergesellschaftung (Assoziation) der Böden sowie deren Einstufung am Beispiel der ostfriesischen Nordseeinsel Borkum (TK-2306)     

Ali E. Imamoglu 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1996,159(1):51-53

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The variation of phosphorous content,grain yield,and rhizosphere microbial biomass among durum wheat cultivars under salinity stress     

Khaoula Boudabbous  Imen Bouhaouel  Chahine Karmous  Nadhira Benaissa  Youssef Trifa  Ali Sahli 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(12):1721-1734

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of plant–soil synergies is largely modulated by interaction between cultivar and rhizosphere microbiome. We evaluated the agronomic performance of six durum wheat cultivars, in two semi-arid locations in Tunisia that differed in their irrigation water salinity: S1 (6 dS m^?1) and S2 (12 dS m^?1). The two-consecutive-year field experiments assessed the effects of the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), leaf phosphorus (LP) and rhizosphere phosphorus (P) on the grain yield (GY) and yield components at tillering and flowering stages. Overall, in saline conditions, cultivars differed in above- and below-ground traits, particularly, with tolerant cultivars presenting relatively greater MBC, P and LP. Furthermore, in S2, GY positively correlated with MBC (r = 0.69), LP (r = 0.80) and P (r = 0.79). Additionally, in S2, MBC positively correlated with P (r = 0.87) and LP (r = 0.85) at flowering. This result was further confirmed by multiple linear regression (step-wise) analysis, which revealed that MBC and LP were the determinant components of GY variability under S2. The present study demonstrates that LP and soil P are mandatory for improving the management of durum wheat. Salinity tolerance was largely affected by the cultivars’ rhizosphere MBC.  相似文献