豚草和三裂叶豚草拮抗植物的筛选     

付开赟  王钿  丁新华  贾尊尊  吐尔逊·阿合买提  张国良  付卫东  文俊  加马力丁·吾拉扎汗  王兰  郭文超 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(12):3030-3046

【目的】 研究豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)和三裂叶豚草(Ambrosia trifida L.)浸提液对常用替代牧草高羊茅、早熟禾、黑麦草、披碱草,以及对苜蓿、葵花、玉米、小麦、甜菜种子萌发的影响;筛选对豚草和三裂叶豚草具有防控效果的替代植物以及最佳混种方式。【方法】 采用培养皿滤纸法,研究豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发的影响。采用盆栽竞争试验,运用DeWit取代试验研究法,设置牧草和入侵杂草5种混种方式,混种比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、2∶1、3∶1,研究黑麦草、披碱草和高羊茅与豚草和三裂叶豚草的竞争效应,分析3种牧草对豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代控制潜力。【结果】 随着豚草和三裂叶豚草的浸提液浓度的增加,4种常用替代牧草种子和新源县5种主要作物种子发芽率,发芽指数和化感效应指数均下降。5种混种密度下,黑麦草、高羊茅与三裂叶豚草混种比例为3∶1时,三裂叶豚草的竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.505 1±0.301 5)、(-0.757 6±0.265 88)均显著小于0(P<0.05);黑麦草、高羊茅与豚草混种比例为1:3时豚草竞争平衡指数分别为(-0.955 8±0.518 08)、(-2.049 7±0.178 55)均显著小于0(P<0.05)。【结论】 豚草和三裂叶豚草浸提液对供试种子萌发具有化感抑制作用;且浸提液浓度越大抑制作用越强,同时叶部化感抑制作用大于根部。三裂叶豚草对四种牧草种子萌发的化感抑制作用大于豚草。黑麦草和高羊茅可以作为豚草和三裂叶豚草的替代植物。黑麦草和高羊茅防治三裂叶豚草时建议播种比例为3∶1;防治豚草时建议播种比例为1∶3。豚草和三裂叶豚草发生密度较大时其化感抑制作用越强,影响牧草萌发生长,应适当加大替代牧草播种量。  相似文献   

温室春季辣椒间套作西瓜·豇豆绿色高效栽培模式与经济效益分析     

刘志刚  胡西旦·买买提  郭红梅  阿木提·库尔班  王瑞华  李海峰  任红松 《安徽农业科学》2021,49(8):66-68

介绍了温室春季辣椒间套作西瓜、豇豆绿色高效栽培模式下品种选择、种子处理、育苗、定植前准备、定植、定植后管理、病虫害防治、经济效益分析等方面的内容.结果表明,温室春季辣椒间套作西瓜、豇豆绿色高效栽培模式的应用,可以高效利用土地,节约成本,提高经济效益.经过多年生产实践和调查研究,总结出了适合吐鲁番温室春季辣椒间套作西瓜、豇豆绿色高效栽培模式,该模式平均纯收入为371730元/hm2,比单作辣椒增收106560元/hm2,增收40.19％,二者呈极显著差异.  相似文献   

Fecal carriage of multi-drug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamases producing E. coli in household pigeons,Bangladesh     

Badrul Hasan  Kamrul Islam  Murshidul Ahsan  Zakir Hossain  Mahmudur Rashid  Bibhas Talukder  Kabir Uddin Ahmed  Björn Olsen  Mohammad Abul Kashem 《Veterinary microbiology》2014

Antibiotic resistance and ESBL constitute a risk to human and animal health. Birds residing close to humans could mirror the spectrum of human associated antibiotic resistance. Household pigeons were screened in Bangladesh to shed light on human associated, as well as, environmental antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli from pigeons (n = 150) were tested against 11 antibiotics. 89% E. coli isolates were resistant to one or more critically important human antibiotics like ampicillin, cefadroxil, mecillinam, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tigecycline. No carbapenamase-producers were detected and the lower ESBL prevalence (5%) in pigeons. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates had bla_CTX-M-15 genes. Pigeons shared some bacterial clones and had bird associated sequence types like E. coli ST1408. Fecal carriage of bacteria resistance of critically important human antibiotics, together with examples of shared genotypes among pigeons, indicate the human-birds and bird to bird transmissions are important in the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance.  相似文献   

不同造林时间对3个树种幼苗叶片光合特性的影响     

李丕军  王文月  艾吉尔·阿不拉  贾瑞琪  宁虎森 《河南农业科学》2014,(11):113-116

采用培育55 d的银新杨、白榆和文冠果营养钵苗在生长季6月、7月和8月不同时间进行造林,测定缓苗期3个树种叶片的光合指标,以期为幼苗缓苗期的管理提供依据。结果表明：3个树种的光合指标均存在显著差异。同一树种不同造林时间的净光合速率无显著差异,蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度则存在差异,以7月的值最大。3个树种在不同造林时间的光合特性变化基本一致,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度与胞间 CO2浓度在栽后1～3 d出现持续下降,4 d开始回升,5～7 d内恢复到栽前水平。3个树种在不同造林时间的缓苗期为5～7 d,此时应该加强土壤水分的管理,保证水分供应充足,确保幼苗尽快度过缓苗期,提高造林成活率。  相似文献   

Meat and Bone Meal as Partial Substitute for Fish Meal in Nursery Diet for Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)     

M. Arshad Hossain  S. Farzana Islam   《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(2):272-280

An experiment was conducted for 60 d in a recirculatory system consisting of 20 glass aquariums (each of size 41 × 41 × 46 cm) to evaluate meat and bone meal (MBM) as partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae (PLs) with a view to develop an inexpensive nursery diet. Three nursery diets were formulated to contain 32% protein and to be as isoenergetic as possible. FM in these diets was progressively replaced with MBM (Diet 1 contained 25% FM and 14% MBM, Diet 2 contained 20% FM and 20% MBM, and Diet 3 contained 15% FM and 26% MBM). Inclusion levels of mustard oilcake and sesame meal in diets were kept fixed at 10%. A commercial shrimp nursery diet (30% protein) from Saudi Bangla Fish Feed Ltd., Mymensingh, was used as the reference diet (Diet 4). Each treatment had three replicates. PLs of M. rosenbergii (26 ± 0.02 mg) were stocked at the rate of 60 PLs (1 PL/L) in each aquarium. At the beginning, PLs were fed three times daily at a rate of 20% of the body weight and it was gradually reduced to 10% at Day 30. The ranges of water quality parameters in the system were as follows: temperature, 27–29 C; dissolved oxygen, 6.5–8.4 mg/L; pH, 6.8–8.3; and total ammonia, 0.01–0.15 mg/L. The result of the study showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the weight gains of PLs fed Diet 1 (containing 14% MBM) and Diet 4 (reference diet) but was significantly higher than other dietary groups containing higher levels of MBM. Diets 1 and 4 showed significantly lower (P < 0.05) apparent food conversion ratios (1.74 and 1.73, respectively). The survival (%) of PLs ranged between 62 and 76% with PLs fed Diets 1 and 4 showing significantly higher (P < 0.05) survival. The result of the study demonstrated that the MBM could be included at 14% level in a nursery diet, and a diet containing 25% FM, 14% MBM, 10% sesame meal, and 10% mustard oilcake may be recommended for profitable production of PLs of M. rosenbergii.  相似文献   

Characterization of oil palm empty fruit bunch and glass fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene hybrid composites     

M. Rivai  A. Gupta  M. R. Islam  M. D. H. Beg 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(7):1523-1530

The effects of hybridization of glass fibre on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and recycled polypropylene-based composites are described in this paper. The compounding process involved extrusion followed by injection moulding technique to prepare the samples for characterizations. Fibre loading were considered as 40 % of the total weight of the blends and EFB:glass fibre ratio was maintained as 30:70, 50:50, 70:30 and 90:10. Two types of coupling agents of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene such as polybond-3200 and fusabond P-613 of different molecular weight and maleic anhydride level were used to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix. Composites were characterized by density, melt flow index, tensile, Izod impact and flexural testing. Morphological images of the fractured surfaces of the composites were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Samples were also characterized by thermal tests such as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to evaluate the thermal and crystalline properties, respectively. Optimization of hybridization of the fibres and effect of coupling agents were evaluated in terms of various properties of the samples. The composite prepared with EFB:glass fibre ratio of 70:30 showed better reinforcing properties than that of others.  相似文献   

非繁殖季节提高公羊精液品质的研究     

王艳萍  曾维斌  薛建华  亚生江·吐松 《塔里木大学学报》2014,26(3):20-23

本研究是在非繁殖季节,用电刺激采精法获取5只公羊的精液,对比了其鲜精、冻精与睾丸大小在激素短期处理前后的变化。结果表明,公羊经激素短期处理后,鲜精各指标有了显著（P〈0.05）提高,睾丸的大小也发生了变化。冻后精子的活力比处理前的提高了0.11,顶体完整率提高了6%,均有了显著性（P〈0.05）的变化。  相似文献   

应用RACE技术扩增驴DGAT1基因3′端及序列分析     

肖海霞  托乎提·阿及德  田可川  刘明军  陈从英 《中国奶牛》2011,(20):1-5

DGAT1（脂酰辅酶A：二脂酰甘油酰基转移酶）基因是产奶性状的一个重要功能侯选基因。由于通过预测奶牛DGAT1基因序列与马属动物DGAT1基因序列具有98%的同源性,本试验从影响牛产奶性状的DGAT1基因出发,以驴乳腺组织的RNA为模板,按照不同物种DGAT1基因的相似性设计特异引物,运用PCR和3′RACE技术扩增并获得了特异片断,特异片段回收纯化连接到pUCmT Vector载体后,转化到大肠杆菌中并筛选阳性菌落;提取质粒进行测序,结果发现该段序列与预期的目标一致,通过与其他动物同源性比较分析说明已首次克隆到驴DGAT1基因3′端。  相似文献   

托木尔峰自然保护区地衣的补充研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

艾尼瓦尔·铁木尔  阿不都拉·阿巴斯 《干旱区研究》2000,17(3):20-27

我们根据多年的研究并结合前人的工作进一步地整理了分布在新疆托木尔峰自然保护区的地衣种类。分析该地区的地衣种有１２０个，分别隶性于４９属，其中有１１个变种和４个变型。调查中我们还发现该地区地衣随着海拔高度的升高而有所不同，北坡和南坡也有明显的差异。  相似文献   

Production of aromatic amino acids and related compounds from p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid by rumen microorganisms in vitro     

Rokibul Islam KHAN  Sada ANDO  Toshihiro TAKAHASHI  Tetsuo MORITA  Ryoji ONODERA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(4):313-319

Suspensions of mixed rumen bacteria (B), protozoa (P), and mixed rumen microorganisms (BP) prepared from rumen contents of fistulated goats were anaerobically incubated with 1 mM p‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) at 39°C for 24 h. Tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp) and other related compounds in both supernatants and hydrolyzates of microbial cells in all incubations were analyzed by HPLC. Large amounts of Tyr (32.1, 42.7 and 36.1% of disappeared HPA in B, P and BP, respectively) were produced from HPA during a 12 h incubation period. The formation of Tyr in P (178.6 µmol/g MN) was 1.5 and 2 times higher than in B and BP, respectively. Phe (7–11% of the disappeared HPA) and Trp (3–6% of the disappeared HPA) were also synthesized from HPA in B, P, and BP. Phe synthesis in P (46.3 µmol/g MN) was 1.7 times higher than in B but, in contrast, Trp synthesis in B, was 1.6 times higher than in P. The metabolites p‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (in the range of 5–14% of disappeared HPA), phenylacetic acid (1–11%), p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (3–7%) and benzoic acid (1–6%) were produced from HPA in B, P and BP. Phenylpropionic acid (6% of the disappeared HPA) was produced only in B and BP.  相似文献