短期玉米秸秆还田对冷凉地区土壤真菌多样性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

萨如拉  杨恒山  高聚林  张丽娟  张玉芹  范秀艳  李纯燕 《干旱地区农业研究》2018,36(3):120-124

在玉米吐丝期,利用传统涂布平板法和高通量测序技术,设置常规秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆深翻还田(SF)和秸秆旋耕还田(XG)3个处理,研究0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层真菌群落丰富度、多样性和群落结构变化,揭示冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田真菌群落结构及其差异。结果表明:冷凉地区玉米秸秆还田对土壤真菌多样性的影响较大,秸秆还田土壤中可培养真菌数为SFXGCK;秸秆还田后土壤真菌优势菌群发生变化,CK优势菌为马拉色氏霉菌属、被孢霉属和葡萄孢属,XG优势菌为被孢霉属;XG和SF表层土壤中耐冷酵母菌属和被孢霉属是优势菌;SF处理20~30 cm土层优势菌为葡萄孢属。真菌菌群Alpha多样性、群落组成丰度、RDA(Redundancy analysis)和菌群相似性综合分析可知,SF和XG 0~20 cm土层菌群差异小;SF和XG均能增加10~30 cm土层真菌群落丰度。  相似文献   

沙质草地、高平原草地牧草总糖与还原糖含量变化     

殷周梅  卫智军  微微  萨格萨 《中国草地学报》2009,31(2)

研究了沙质草地与高平原草地六种牧草的总糖含量与还原糖含量变化情况.结果表明:沙质草地与高平原草地供试牧草的总糖含量变化(除糙隐子草外)和还原糖含量变化不同;除羊草和寸草苔外,其余几种牧草的还原糖含量都是高平原草地高于沙质草地.  相似文献   

Are the Australian poultry industries vulnerable to large outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

SA Hamilton  IJ East  J-A Toribio  MG Garner 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(5):165-174

Objective   To describe the structure of the Australian poultry industry and discuss the potential for highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) to spread between Australian poultry farms.
Procedure   High densities of poultry farms, frequent contacts between farms by service providers, the supply of live poultry markets (LPM) and the presence of free-range duck flocks in affected regions have been identified as risk factors for the spread of HPAI between flocks in outbreaks causing the death or destruction of over 1 million poultry overseas. Data on 1,594 commercial Australian chicken meat, chicken egg, duck and turkey farms were collected by a telephone questionnaire of farm managers to assess the risk of a HPAI outbreak in Australia.
Results and Discussion   Five regions of Australia had farm densities comparable to overseas regions that experienced widespread HPAI. Common service providers routinely contacted different classes and types of farms over wide geographic areas. However, no responding farms supplied LPM and the majority of duck farms did not produce free-range ducks.
Conclusion   Outbreaks of HPAI have the potential to cause serious impacts on the Australian poultry industry. The risk posted by LPM and free-range ducks is limited, but the movement of genetic stock and common service providers could spread infection between companies, industries or geographical regions. Biosecurity measures are therefore considered critical to limit the secondary spread of infection should an outbreak occur.  相似文献   

Socio-Economic and Scientific Impact Created by Whitefly-Transmitted,Plant-Virus Disease Resistant Tomato Varieties in Southern India          下载免费PDF全文

John Colvin  N Nagaraju  Carlos Moreno-Leguizamon  R M Govindappa  T B Manjunatha Reddy  SA Padmaja  Neena Joshi  Peter M Hanson  Susan E Seal  V Muniyappa 《农业科学学报》2012,11(2):337-345

Research carried out to assess the impact of open-pollinated Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV)-resistant tomatoes and hybrids on the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in Southern India is described and discussed. Three high-yielding ToLCV-resistant tomato varieties were developed initially using conventional breeding and screening techniques involving inoculation by ToLCV-viruliferous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. In 2003 and 2004, respectively, these varieties were released officially by the Karnataka State Seed Committee and the Indian Ministry of Agriculture through notification in the Gazette of India. From 2003 to 2005, eleven seed companies bought breeder seed of the ToLCV-resistant varieties and used them to begin breeding F₁ hybrids from them. Socio-economic studies carried out to assess the benefits obtained from growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties found that farmers could gain up to 10 times the profit by growing the ToLCV-resistant varieties compared to the pre-existing ToLCV-susceptible varieties. Adoption of ToLCV-resistant tomatoes was also associated with reduced pesticide use. Extra income from tomato sales was prioritised by farmers to pay for children's education, better nutrition and medicines. In a joint effort with the commercial seed sector in India, a promotional field day was organised in 2007. As well as the three ToLCV-resistant varieties, 62 ToLCV-resistant hybrid tomatoes were exhibited during a farmer-field day by 17 commercial seed companies and several public institutes. Tomatoes with ToLCV-resistance are now grown widely in South India and seeds of the three open-pollinated varieties have been distributed to more than 12 countries. In 2007, a conservative estimate of the financial-benefit to cost of the research ratio was already more than 837:1.  相似文献   

Pelvic limb kinematics in the dog with and without a stifle orthosis          下载免费PDF全文

Bryan T. Torres DVM  PhD  DACVS‐SA  Yang‐Chieh Fu PhD  Gabriella S. Sandberg BS  Steven C. Budsberg DVM  MS  DACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(5):642-652

  相似文献   

Outcome of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for resection of unilateral noninvasive adrenocortical tumors in 11 cats          下载免费PDF全文

Jeffrey W. Mitchell DVM  Philipp D. Mayhew BVM&S  DACVS  William T. N. Culp VMD  DACVS  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  DACVS  Ameet Singh DVM  DACVS  Mark C. Fuller DVM  DACVS‐SA  Ann Della Maggiore DVM  DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2017,46(5):714-721

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Aspiration of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres by a dog     

V Greci  SA Bissett  CN Copple  EC Hawkins 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(5):166-168

This case report describes an 11-year-old Belgian Malinois dog with acute onset of cough caused by aspiration of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) and pneumonia following an episode of suspected gastric dilation. Although bronchoscopic retrieval of the BIPS was largely unsuccessful, the dog recovered uneventfully, with most of the BIPS being coughed out and swallowed over a 1-month period. Aspiration of BIPS should be considered a potential complication of their administration. Furthermore, endoscopic removal of aspirated BIPS is challenging and may not be indicated because of their inert nature and possible self-clearance.  相似文献   

大针茅对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用     

胡静  侯向阳  萨茹拉  李西良  王珍  丁勇 《草地学报》2016,24(1):1-11

通过放牧梯度试验,研究放牧对内蒙古典型草原5种优势植物在个体、种群和群落水平上的影响,探讨大针茅(Stip grandis)对放牧生态系统植物群落地上生物量的调控作用。结果表明:个体水平,中轻度放牧对以大针茅和糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)为代表的丛生禾草株高影响较小,对以羊草(Leymus chinensis)、黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)和米氏冰草(Agropyron michnoi)为代表的根茎型禾草株高影响较大,植物株高的降低与个体地上生物量减少呈显著正相关。种群水平,大针茅种群生物量对放牧的响应迟缓,羊草、米氏冰草、糙隐子草和黄囊苔草种群生物量的减少与多度减少呈显著正相关。群落水平,大针茅的耐牧性使其成为资源重配的获益者,轻中度放牧干扰下,其地上生物量的补偿生长缓冲了放牧对群落的影响,对维持群落生产力与功能稳定性起重要的调控作用。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆低温降解复合菌系的筛选   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

萨如拉  高聚林  于晓芳  胡树平 《中国农业科学》2013,46(19):4082-4090

【目的】为加快北方高寒地区玉米秸秆降解速度,筛选低温条件下具有良好降解玉米秸秆的复合菌系。【方法】以富含纤维素的腐烂物为菌源,通过滤纸崩解初筛、酶活和秸秆降解率为指标复筛进行玉米秸秆降解菌系的筛选,并对其成分进行分析。【结果】从腐烂的树叶和高原锯末中筛选到两组玉米秸秆降解复合菌系1号和8号。1号和8号复合菌系在玉米秸秆培养基中,15℃培养15 d,玉米秸秆分解率分别达到30.21%和32.21%;1号复合菌系包含木霉和多种细菌,8号复合菌系含青霉和多种细菌;两组复合菌系优势细菌均为梭菌属和芽孢杆菌属菌种。【结论】筛选到的菌系在低温（15℃）实验室条件下能降解玉米秸秆,菌系主要组成是木霉、青霉、梭菌属（Clostridium sp.）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp.）和草螺菌属（Herbaspirillum sp.）的细菌。  相似文献   

三株芽孢杆菌抑菌活性分析及对肉鸡舍空气微生物的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

仝永娟  萨仁娜  张宏福  孙春阳  邢焕  彭易柱  魏忠华  王学静 《中国农业科学》2013,46(20):4344-4353

【目的】分析2株解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）和1株苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis）的基本特性以及对大肠埃希氏菌（Escherichia.coli,CVCC1570）的抑制活性;分析3株芽孢杆菌复合制剂对肉鸡舍空气大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用,为改善畜舍环境提供基础数据。【方法】对3株芽孢杆菌进行形态学观察、镜检和生长曲线测定,以大肠埃希氏菌（CVCC1570）为指示菌株,采用琼脂扩散法对单一菌株的抑菌特性进行测定,筛选出适宜的抑菌浓度;利用三因子三水平的正交试验设计,筛选出最佳抑菌效果的复合芽孢杆菌组合;鸡舍喷洒试验采用单因子设计,分为3个处理组,每个处理设3个重复,分别为空白对照组,化学消毒剂阳性对照组（苯扎氯铵）,喷洒复合芽孢杆菌菌剂处理组。在肉鸡不同日龄检测鸡舍内大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的变化规律。【结果】3株芽孢杆菌为革兰氏阳性需氧菌。芽孢杆菌SKN01和芽孢杆菌SKN02生长曲线相近,在培养2h开始进入对数生长期。芽孢杆菌SKN03生长较缓慢,进入对数生长期的时间相对较长。单一菌株对大肠埃希氏菌有效抑菌浓度均为108CFU•mL-1。经正交试验测定,3株芽孢杆菌复合菌液最佳抑菌组合为4×108 CFU•mL-1、4×108 CFU•mL-1、6×108 CFU•mL-1。最佳组合复合芽孢杆菌喷洒鸡舍,能够有效抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,在肉鸡生长后期复合制剂的抑菌效果明显。【结论】3株芽孢杆菌能够有效抑制大肠埃希氏菌,同时复合菌液能够有效减少鸡舍有害微生物的数量,起到改善鸡舍环境的作用。  相似文献