Influence of formulation on the efficacy of experimental oil-emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines     

H D Stone  M Brugh  C W Beard 《Avian diseases》1983,27(3):688-697

Twenty-one experimental oil-emulsion vaccines with different emulsifier contents, aqueous-to-oil ratios, and antigen concentrations were compared by immunization of 4-week-old chickens. Vaccines that contained oil-phase (Arlacel 80) and aqueous-phase (Tween 80) emulsifiers induced 2-to-4-fold higher hemagglutination-inhibition titers than vaccines with only the oil-phase emulsifier. The emulsion vaccines containing both emulsifiers were also more stable at 37 C and less viscous than those containing only the oil-phase emulsifier. Vaccines that had different aqueous-to-oil ratios and contained different quantities of allantoic-fluid antigen (1.2% to 50% of the vaccine volume) induced similar protection against challenge, but hemagglutination-inhibition titers were proportional to the amount of antigen added. Vaccines that had different aqueous-to-oil ratios but contained equal amounts of antigen induced similar hemagglutination-inhibition titers and similar protection against challenge.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of laying chickens with adenovirus 127 and with a related virus isolated from ducks     

M Brugh  C W Beard  P Villegas 《Avian diseases》1984,28(1):168-178

Infection of commercially reared white leghorn and white rock hens with adenovirus 127 was associated with decreases in total egg production, external egg quality, egg weight (P less than 0.01), and eggshell thickness (P less than 0.01). The egg-production and egg-quality disturbances were transient, and production returned to normal approximately 4 weeks postinfection. Infection of white leghorns with a hemagglutinating adenovirus isolated from Missouri ducks did not adversely affect egg production, external egg quality, or eggshell thickness, but it was associated with decreased egg weight (P less than 0.01). Prior infection with the duck adenovirus prevented the adverse egg-production effects of adenovirus 127 infection. Mean hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of chickens infected with adenovirus 127 or with duck adenovirus ranged from 1:588 to 1:10809, and mean titers of uninfected chickens did not exceed 1:2.  相似文献   

NEW HONORARY MEMBERS OF THE AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSOCIATION     

Helen Newton Turner  Trevor Cory Beard  William John Stevenson 《Australian veterinary journal》1980,56(9):451-452

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The influence of inhalation of carbon dioxide on chickens, including resistance to infection with Newcastle disease virus     

D P Anderson  C W Beard  R P Hanson 《Avian diseases》1966,10(2):216-224

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Laonastes and the "Lazarus effect" in recent mammals     

Dawson MR  Marivaux L  Li CK  Beard KC  Métais G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5766):1456-1458

The living Laotian rodent Laonastes aenigmamus, first described in early 2005, has been interpreted as the sole member of the new family Laonastidae on the basis of its distinctive morphology and apparent phylogenetic isolation from other living rodents. Here we show that Laonastes is actually a surviving member of the otherwise extinct rodent family Diatomyidae, known from early Oligocene to late Miocene sites in Pakistan, India, Thailand, China, and Japan. Laonastes is a particularly striking example of the "Lazarus effect" in Recent mammals, whereby a taxon that was formerly thought to be extinct is rediscovered in the extant biota, in this case after a temporal gap of roughly 11 million years.  相似文献   

Comment on "Abiotic pyrite formation produces a large Fe isotope fractionation"     

Czaja AD  Johnson CM  Yamaguchi KE  Beard BL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):538; author reply 538

Guilbaud et al. (Reports, 24 June 2011, p. 1548) suggest that the geologic record of Fe isotope fractionation can be explained by abiological precipitation of pyrite. We argue that a detailed understanding of the depositional setting, mineralogy, and geologic history of Precambrian sedimentary rocks indicates that the Fe isotope record dominantly reflects biological fractionations and Fe redox processes.  相似文献   

Insulin sensitivity decreases with obesity, and lean cats with low insulin sensitivity are at greatest risk of glucose intolerance with weight gain     

DJ Appleton  JS Rand  GD Sunvold 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2001,3(4):211-228

This study quantifies the effects of marked weight gain on glucose and insulin metabolism in 16 cats which increased their weight by an average of 44.2% over 10 months. Significantly, the development of feline obesity was accompanied by a 52% decrease in tissue sensitivity to insulin and diminished glucose effectiveness. In addition, glucose intolerance and abnormal insulin response occurred in some cats. An important finding was that normal weight cats with low insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness were at increased risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance with obesity. High basal insulin concentrations or low acute insulin response to glucose also independently increased the risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance. Male cats gained more weight relative to females and this, combined with their tendency to lower insulin sensitivity and higher insulin concentrations, may explain why male cats are at greater risk for diabetes. Results suggest an underlying predisposition for glucose intolerance in some cats, which is exacerbated by obesity. These cats may be more at risk of progressing to overt type 2 diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

Effects of the haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier Hemoglobin glutamer-200 (bovine) on intestinal perfusion and oxygenation in a canine hypovolaemia model     

B  Driessen  JS Jahr†  F Lurie†  SM Griffey†  RA Gunther† 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2001,28(4):204-205

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Cloacal papillomatosis in the absence of herpesvirus and papillomavirus in a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)     

BD Gartrell  KJ Morgan  L Howe  JS Munday  AMJ McFadden 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):241-243

CASE HISTORY A 21-year-old male sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) was presented following the sudden appearance of blood associated with the passage of faeces and urates.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: There was fresh blood-staining of the feathers around the vent. The dorsal mucosal wall of the proctodeum was erythematous and roughened in appearance. An endoscopic biopsy was performed, and histological examination revealed multiple fronds of epithelium; the mucosa varied from simple to pseudostratified columnar epithelium, with diffuse hyperplasia of goblet cells. The underlying connective tissue stroma was well vascularised and was infiltrated with mixed inflammatory cells, comprising granulocytic cells and macrophages. PCR testing for both herpesvirus and papillomavirus, using consensus primers, was negative.

DIAGNOSIS: Cloacal papillomatosis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This case manifested typical clinical signs and histological lesions of cloacal papillomatosis in the absence of demonstrable herpesvirus or papillomavirus. Veterinarians need to consider this disease in the differential diagnosis of blood in the droppings of parrots and cockatoos even in countries where psittacine herpesviruses are exotic diseases.  相似文献   

Surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in migratory shorebirds at the terminus of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway     

IG Langstaff  JS McKenzie  WL Stanislawek  CEM Reed  R Poland  SC Cork 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):160-165

AIM: To determine if migratory birds arriving in New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere spring of 2004 were infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) virus, H5N1.

METHODS: Cloacal and faecal samples were collected from migratory red knots following their arrival in New Zealand in October 2004. Two species of resident sympatric birds, wrybill and mallard duck, were sampled prior to, and following, the arrival of migratory birds.

RESULTS: No AI viruses were isolated from migratory or resident shorebirds. Non-pathogenic AI viruses were isolated from six resident mallard ducks, comprising the endemic subtypes H4 (n=2), H7 (non-pathogenic), H10, and H11 (n=2).

CONCLUSIONS: Highly pathogenic AI H5N1 virus was not detected in migratory shorebirds or sympatric water birds in the Firth of Thames, New Zealand, in 2004-2005, despite the possible proximity of migratory birds to outbreaks of the disease in East Asia in 2004.  相似文献