Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin after a single oral dose to loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)     

P. Marín  O.R. Lai  P. Laricchiuta  G. Marzano  A. Di Bello  C.M. Crceles  G. Crescenzo 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):284-286

The single-dose disposition kinetics of marbofloxacin (MBX) were determined in clinically healthy loggerhead sea turtles (n = 5) after oral (PO) administration of 2 mg kg⁻¹ bodyweight. Marbofloxacin plasma concentrations were determined by DAD–HPLC (LOD/LOQ 0.015/0.05 μg ml⁻¹). Data were subjected to non-compartmental analysis. Following PO administration, marbofloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentrations of 11.66 ± 2.53 mg L⁻¹ at 15.00 ± 3.00 h. The absence of general adverse reactions in the turtles of the study, and the favourable pharmacokinetic properties (long half-life and high maximum plasma concentration) of MBX administered PO at the single-dose of 2 mg kg⁻¹ suggest the possibility of its safe and effective clinical use in loggerhead sea turtles.  相似文献   

New invasion of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> Mediterranean species in Brazil associated to ornamental plants     

Letícia Aparecida de Moraes  Julio Massaharu Marubayashi  Valdir Atsushi Yuki  Murad Ghanim  Vinicius Henrique Bello  Bruno Rossitto De Marchi  Leonardo da Fonseca Barbosa  Laura M. Boykin  Renate Krause-Sakate  Marcelo Agenor Pavan 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(4):517-525

In Brazil, the first major invasion event of Bemisia tabaci was that of Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species, formerly termed as B biotype, which commenced in the 1990s mainly by ornamental plants in São Paulo State. More than two decades after this invasion, the presence of the Mediterranean (MED) species of B. tabaci, formerly Q biotype, was reported in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost State of Brazil, and now in São Paulo and Paraná States, in southeastern Brazil. Specimens of whiteflies collected from commercial begonia, hydrangea, petunia and poinsettia greenhouses in São Paulo, and also from begonias and poinsettias collected in flower shops in Paraná, were all identified as belonging to MED species. Furthermore, the secondary endosymbionts Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella and Rickettsia of MED from São Paulo and Paraná were detected by PCR and their presence confirmed by sequencing and FISH analysis, and those results differed from MED detected in Rio Grande do Sul that harbored only Hamiltonella and Cardinium. Our results suggest a new MED invasion into Brazil and is associated with ornamental plants. The two MED populations are genetically different and suggest that they are separate invasions.  相似文献   

Transport of fatty acids within plasma lipoproteins in lactating and non‐lactating cows fed on fish oil and hydrogenated palm oil          下载免费PDF全文

E. Vargas‐Bello‐Pérez  G. Íñiguez‐González  P. C. Garnsworthy  J. J. Loor 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(2):369-377

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of dietary fish oil (FO) and a blend of FO and hydrogenated palm oil (FOPO) on transport of fatty acids (FA) within plasma lipoproteins in lactating and non‐lactating cows. Two trials were conducted (one with lactating and another with non‐lactating dairy cows) in two 3 × 3 Latin squares that included three periods of 21 days. Dietary treatments for lactating cows consisted of a basal diet (Control; no fat supplement), and fat‐supplemented diets containing FO (500 g/day/cow) and FOPO (250 FO + 250 g/day/cow hydrogenated palm oil). For non‐lactating cows, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (Control; no fat supplement), and fat‐supplemented diets containing FO (170 g/day/cow) and FOPO (85 FO + 85 hydrogenated palm oil g/day/cow). In lactating cows, compared with control and FOPO, FO increased C16:0, C18:3 cis‐9, 12, 15, C18:2 cis‐9, trans‐11 and total saturated and polyunsaturated FA in plasma and increased C16:0, C18:2 cis‐9, trans‐11, total polyunsaturated and total polyunsaturated n‐6 in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), whereas in non‐lactating cows, compared with control and FOPO, FO increased C16:0, C18:1 trans‐11, C18:2 trans‐9, 12, C18:2 cis‐9, trans‐11, C20:5 n‐3 and total saturated and polyunsaturated FA in plasma; C16:0, C18:1 trans‐11, C18:1 cis‐9, C18:2 trans‐9, 12, C20:5 n‐3 and total monounsaturated FA in HDL; and C18:1 trans‐6‐8, C18:1 trans‐9, C18:1 trans‐10, C18:1 trans‐11, C18:3 cis‐9, 12, 15 and C20:5 n‐3 in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). FO increased C20:5 n‐3 in plasma and lipoproteins in non‐lactating cows and increased C18:3 cis‐9, 12, 15 in plasma (in lactating cows) and LDL (in non‐lactating cows). We concluded from results of this study that in bovine plasma, the LDL fraction appears to be the main lipoprotein transporting C18:1 trans isomers and is more responsive than other lipoprotein fractions to variation in supply of dietary lipids.  相似文献   

Identification of new sources of resistance to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Striga gesnerioides</Emphasis> in cowpea <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna unguiculata</Emphasis> accessions     

L. O. Omoigui  A. Y. Kamara  G. I. Alunyo  L. L. Bello  M. Oluoch  M. P. Timko  O. Boukar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(5):901-911

The parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides, is a major threat to cowpea productivity throughout the savannas of West and Central Africa. The identification of sources of S. gesnerioides resistance and their incorporation into breeding programs would be a beneficial strategy to combat the devastation caused by the parasite in cowpea fields. In this study we examined one hundred and ninety-four (194) accessions, four commercial varieties and two controls collected from a mini core collection of cowpea held at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture genebank for resistance to S. gesnerioides race 3 (SG3), the most prevalent race in Nigeria, using phenotypic screening and molecular marker analysis. Our studies identified two cowpea accessions, Tvu-1272 and Tvu-16514, that are resistant to S. gesnerioides SG3. Resistance in these lines is associated with the molecular marker SSR1, known to segregate with the gene conferring resistance to SG3 in the cultivar B301. Phenotypically, resistance in Tvu-1272 and Tvu-16514 is expressed as a hypersensitive response at the site of infection on the roots. Allelism tests indicated that the gene that conferring SG3 resistance in Tvu-1272 is independent of that conferring resistance in B301. Tvu-1272 and Tvu-16514 will provide additional new sources of resistance to Striga and races prevalent in Nigeria.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary Kleinhovia hospita and Leucaena leucocephala leaves on rumen fermentation and microbial population in goats fed treated rice straw     

Ahmed  Muideen Adewale  Adeyemi  Kazeem Dauda  Jahromi  Mohamed Faseleh  Jusoh  Shokri  Alimon  Abdul Razak  Samsudin  Anjas Asmara 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(8):1749-1756

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The effects of partial replacement of dietary protein by forages on rumen fermentation and microbiology in goats were examined. Four fistulated Boer bucks...  相似文献   

Study of the synergistic effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the surface-active properties of biosurfactants produced by Lactobacillus pentosus     

Bello XV  Devesa-Rey R  Cruz JM  Moldes AB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(5):1258-1265

Many studies have investigated the effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on the surface-active properties of various surfactants, although in most cases the variables have been studied separately, without considering the effects of any interactions between them. In the present study, a Box-Behnken factorial design was applied to study the effects of pH, temperature, and salinity on the surface-active properties of a biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus pentosus. The data obtained enabled development of a second-order model describing the interrelationships between operational and experimental variables, by equations including linear, interaction, and quadratic terms. The variable that had the greatest effect on the surface-active properties of the biosurfactant was pH. Moreover, at pH 3-5.5, decreases in salinity and temperature acted synergistically, reducing the surface tension of the biosurfactant; at pH 8, the same effect was observed with increasing salinity and temperature.  相似文献   

Geomorphology and soils distribution under paraglacial conditions in an ice-free area of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica     

Marcio Rocha Francelino  Carlos Ernesto G.R. Schaefer  Felipe Nogueira Bello Simas  Elpídio Incio Fernandes Filho  Jos Joo Lelis Leal de Souza  Liovando Marciano da Costa 《CATENA》2011,85(3):194-204

The main pedological, geomorphological and cryogenic features of Keller Peninsula, part of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica, were mapped and quantified with emphasis on the relationship between the ice retreat process, melt-out, landform development and soil distribution. Moraines, protalus, scree slopes, inactive glacial cirques, uplift marine terraces, biogenic landforms, arêtes and Felsenmeer were mapped. Scree slope is the main landform, covering approximately 25% of the peninsula, indicating prominent paraglacial features. Inherited, glacial landforms, such as lateral moraines, highland plateau and exhumed U shaped-valleys, are now being exposed in north Keller by ice shrinkage of former ice protecting cover. Landforms influenced soil formation and stability. Cryosols and Leptosols (WRB) roughly corresponding to Gelisols and Entisols (SSS), respectively, are the most common soil classes, with an overall tendency of absent permafrost in the coastal areas, changing to sporadic permafrost at mid-slope, and discontinuous permafrost with greater altitude and substrate stability.  相似文献   

Estimation of genetic parameters for reproductive traits in connectedness groups of Duroc,Landrace and Yorkshire pigs in China     

Suoyu Zhang  Jinxin Zhang  Babatunde Shittu Olasege  Peipei Ma  Xiaotian Qiu  Hong Gao  Changcun Wang  Yuan Wang  Qin Zhang  Hongjie Yang  Zhigang Wang  Xiangdong Ding  Yuchun Pan 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):211-222

The objective of this study was to estimate group- and breed-specific genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Chinese Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire populations. Records for reproductive traits between April 1998 and December 2017 from 92 nucleus pig breeding farms, which were involved in the China Swine Genetic Improvement Program, were analysed. Due to weak genetic connectedness across all farms, connectedness groups consisting of related farms were used. Three, two and four connectedness groups for Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire were firstly established according to the genetic connectedness rating among farms. For each connectedness group a five-trait animal model was implemented, and via restricted maximum likelihood procedure the genetic parameters were estimated for five reproductive traits i.e., total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), litter weight at farrowing (LWF), farrowing interval (FI) and age at first farrowing (AFF). The average of heritabilities among connectedness groups ranged from .01 (for FI in Yorkshire) to .30 (for AFF in Duroc). Estimates of repeatability for litter traits ranged from .14 to .20 and were consistent for each breed, and for FI, the estimates varied from .01 to .11 across breeds and groups. The estimated genetic correlations among litter traits (i.e., TNB, NBA and LWF) were all significantly high (>.56) and similar across breeds. Averaged genetic correlations over three breeds were −.25, −.27, −.18, −.04, −.10, −.02, and .28 for FI-TNB, FI-NBA, FI-LWF, AFF-TNB, AFF-NBA, AFF-LWF and FI-AFF, respectively. The standard errors of the estimates were all very low (<0.01) in most situations. Results from this study suggest that selection based on TNB which is currently used in dam line selection index can improve NBA and LWF simultaneously. However, care should be taken on FI and AFF as they are both greatly influenced by non-genetic factors such as management and measurement.  相似文献   

In vitro development of IVF-derived bovine embryos following cytoplasmic microinjection for the episomal expression of the IGF2 gene     

Karine Campagnolo  Felipe Ledur Ongaratto  Camila Rodrigues de Freitas  Camilo Andrés Peña Bello  Bruna Rodrigues Willhelm  Karine de Mattos  José Luiz Rigo Rodrigues  Marcelo Bertolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(5):574-583

Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1-cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non-CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10-ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non-CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1-cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10-ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth-promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1-cell to the blastocyst stage.  相似文献   

Prevalence of rotavirus A infection and the detection of type G3P[11] strain in ruminants in Yobe state,Nigeria     

Garba  John  Faleke  Olufemi Oladayor  Magaji  Alhaji Abdulahi  Alkali  Rabiu Bello  Nwankwo  Innocent Okwundu  Dzikwi  Asabe Adamu 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(6):2905-2915

Rotaviruses have a worldwide distribution and the infection is associated with diarrhea in young of ruminants as well as children. However, limited data exist on its prevalence and types in Yobe state, Nigeria. Detection of rotavirus A and types in ruminant population in Yobe state was the aim of the study. A total of 470 diarrheic fecal samples were collected and tested for rotavirus and types using serology and molecular techniques respectively. A prevalence rate of 2.98% (14/470) was found in the three species with specific rates of 2.9% (6/202), 3.8% (6/158), and 1.8% (2/110) in goat, sheep, and cattle respectively. The prevalence rates of 3.6% (12/331), 1.2% (1/84), and 1.8% (1/55) were for those aged < 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 months old, respectively, while 4.9% (9/185) and 1.7% (5/285) were in males and females respectively. Rotavirus genes VP7 and VP4 were detected in 2 (14.3%) out of the 14 ELISA-positive samples while deduced amino acid sequences of the major variable regions revealed the genes to belong to types G3P[11] strain. Significant association was found between the infection and sex (P < 0.05) unlike in the species and age groups of the ruminants. The circulation of rotavirus virus in ruminants and type G3P[11] in cattle has been confirmed in the study. Hence, there is a need for continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and assessment of the economic losses and public health implications of rotavirus infection in Nigeria.

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