Germplasm characterization of Zolfino landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by flavonoid content     

Romani A  Vignolini P  Galardi C  Mulinacci N  Benedettelli S  Heimler D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(12):3838-3842

The flavonoid composition of three phenotypes of "Zolfino" landraces, a typical bean grown in Tuscany, has been elucidated by means of HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analysis. Flavonols, isoflavones, and anthocyanins have been separated and determined in the different samples chosen on the basis of their seed coat color. A flavonol that has not been previously found in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds has been characterized. The quantitative data show the presence of flavonols (ranging from 709 to 118 mg/kg of fresh weight), isoflavones (ranging from 14 to 2 mg/kg of fresh weight), and anthocyanins, in black beans only. These results show that this genotype could be very interesting from a nutritional point of view.  相似文献   

Control of Neofabraea alba by plant volatile compounds and hot water     

Fiorella Neri  Marta Mari  Stefano Brigati  Paolo Bertolini 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(3):425-430

Fumigation by plant volatile compounds and hot water treatment were tested in vitro and in vivo for their activity against Neofabraea alba (anamorph Phlyctema vagabunda), the cause of lenticel rot in apple fruit. In vitro trials with volatile compounds showed a consistent inhibition of pathogen growth by carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and trans-2-hexenal, while (?)-carvone, hexanal, p-anisaldehyde, 2-nonanone and eugenol showed progressively lower inhibition. The greatest inhibition of mycelial growth was demonstrated by carvacrol (effective doses for 50 and 95 inhibition [ED₅₀ and ED₉₅] = 5.9 and 17.0 μL L^?1, respectively; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 36.9 μL L^?1) and of conidial germination by trans-2-hexenal (ED₅₀ and ED₉₅ = 4.1 and 6.9 μL L^?1, respectively; MIC = 9.2 μL L^?1). Hot water showed a complete inhibition of conidial germination in vitro after 10, 2 and 1 min of exposure at 40, 45 and 50 °C, respectively, and a complete inhibition of mycelial growth after 20 min of exposure at 75 °C. Among the volatile compounds tested, only 25 μL L^?1 of carvacrol slightly reduced fungal infection on artificially infected apples (11.4% efficacy). Hot water treatment at 45 °C for 10 min showed high efficacy in the control of lenticel rot on apples. Reduction of infection was 80% in artificially inoculated fruit (cv Golden Delicious) and 90% in naturally infected fruit (cv Pink Lady) after 90 and 135 d of storage, respectively.  相似文献   

Hydrolyzable tannins with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit and the m-depsidic link: HPLC-DAD-MS identification and model synthesis     

Arapitsas P  Menichetti S  Vincieri FF  Romani A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(1):48-55

This study was designed to develop efficient analytical tools for the difficult HPLC-DAD-MS identification of hydrolyzable tannins in natural tissue extracts. Throughout the study of the spectroscopic characteristics of properly synthesized stereodefined standards, it was observed that the UV-vis spectra of compounds with the m-depsidic link showed a characteristic shoulder at 300 nm, consistent with the simple glucogalloyl esters, whereas compounds with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) unit gave a diagnostic fragmentation pattern, caused by a spontaneous lactonization in the mass spectrometer. These observations were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-MS analyses of tannic acid and raspberry extracts, which are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with the m-depsidic link and the HHDP unit, respectively.  相似文献   

Electron localization determines defect formation on ceria substrates     

Esch F  Fabris S  Zhou L  Montini T  Africh C  Fornasiero P  Comelli G  Rosei R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5735):752-755

The high performance of ceria (CeO2) as an oxygen buffer and active support for noble metals in catalysis relies on an efficient supply of lattice oxygen at reaction sites governed by oxygen vacancy formation. We used high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional calculations to unravel the local structure of surface and subsurface oxygen vacancies on the (111) surface. Electrons left behind by released oxygen localize on cerium ions. Clusters of more than two vacancies exclusively expose these reduced cerium ions, primarily by including subsurface vacancies, which therefore play a crucial role in the process of vacancy cluster formation. These results have implications for our understanding of oxidation processes on reducible rare-earth oxides.  相似文献   

Parietal lobe: from action organization to intention understanding     

Fogassi L  Ferrari PF  Gesierich B  Rozzi S  Chersi F  Rizzolatti G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5722):662-667

Inferior parietal lobule (IPL) neurons were studied when monkeys performed motor acts embedded in different actions and when they observed similar acts done by an experimenter. Most motor IPL neurons coding a specific act (e.g., grasping) showed markedly different activations when this act was part of different actions (e.g., for eating or for placing). Many motor IPL neurons also discharged during the observation of acts done by others. Most responded differentially when the same observed act was embedded in a specific action. These neurons fired during the observation of an act, before the beginning of the subsequent acts specifying the action. Thus, these neurons not only code the observed motor act but also allow the observer to understand the agent's intentions.  相似文献   

Regulation of the germinal center response by microRNA-155   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thai TH  Calado DP  Casola S  Ansel KM  Xiao C  Xue Y  Murphy A  Frendewey D  Valenzuela D  Kutok JL  Schmidt-Supprian M  Rajewsky N  Yancopoulos G  Rao A  Rajewsky K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5824):604-608

MicroRNAs are small RNA species involved in biological control at multiple levels. Using genetic deletion and transgenic approaches, we show that the evolutionarily conserved microRNA-155 (miR-155) has an important role in the mammalian immune system, specifically in regulating T helper cell differentiation and the germinal center reaction to produce an optimal T cell-dependent antibody response. miR-155 exerts this control, at least in part, by regulating cytokine production. These results also suggest that individual microRNAs can exert critical control over mammalian differentiation processes in vivo.  相似文献   

Microbial interactions in the rhizosphere: beneficial influences of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on nutrient acquisition process. A review     

Youry Pii  Tanja Mimmo  Nicola Tomasi  Roberto Terzano  Stefano Cesco  Carmine Crecchio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(4):403-415

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Severe esophageal injuries occurring after general anesthesia in two cats: case report and literature review     

Adami C  Di Palma S  Gendron K  Sigrist N 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(6):436-442

Two healthy cats underwent elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia. One developed severe esophagitis leading to esophageal rupture, mediastinitis, and pyothorax. The other cat developed esophageal stricture, diverticulum formation, and suspected iatrogenic perforation. Both cats had signs of dysphagia and regurgitation beginning a few days after anesthesia. The first cat also had severe dyspnea due to septic pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum. In the second cat, endoscopy revealed diffuse esophagitis, an esophageal stricture, and a large esophageal diverticulum. Rupture of the esophageal wall occurred while inflating the esophagus for inspection. Due to the poor prognosis, both cats were euthanized. Necropsy revealed severe esophageal changes. Postanesthetic esophagitis has been previously described in dogs and cats; however, severe life-threatening esophageal injuries rarely occur as a sequel to general anesthesia. To the authors' knowledge, esophageal rupture secondary to perianesthetic reflux has never been reported in cats.  相似文献   

Laboratory vs. in-field spectral proximal sensing for early detection of Fusarium head blight infection in durum wheat     

Paolo Menesatti  Francesca Antonucci  Federico Pallottino  Stefano Giorgi  Antonio Matere  Francesca Nocente  Marina Pasquini  Maria G. D'Egidio  Corrado Costa 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(3):289-293

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Influence of iron nutrition on sulphur uptake and metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) roots     

Stefania Astolfi  Sabrina Zuchi  Stefano Cesco  Zeno Varanini  Roberto Pinton 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(7):1079-1083

Abstract

Recent research has evidenced a relationship between Fe nutrition and S nutrition. Aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of Fe deficiency on the capacity of maize roots to take up and metabolize S. Maize (Zea mays L. cv. Cecilia) plants were grown for 10 d in nutrient solution (NS) with (+S) or without (?S) sulphate and Fe was added as Fe^III-EDTA at 80 μm. After removing the extraplasmatic Fe pool, half of the plants of each treatment (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new Fe-free NS. Roots were collected 4 and 24 h from the beginning of Fe deprivation. Fe deprivation slightly increased root thiols content in both nutritive conditions (+S and ?S). ATP sulphurylase activity was enhanced by sulphur deprivation, but greatly depressed when Fe and S were both omitted from the nutrient solution. O-Acetylserine sulphydrylase activity was also enhanced by S deprivation; this activity was increased by Fe starvation in +S plants, while it was unaffected by Fe nutrition in ?S plants. S deprivation greatly increased uptake rates of ³⁵SO₄ ^2? (1.9 ± 0.1 vs. 5.2 ± 0.2 μmol g^?1 root d.w. h^?1); furthermore, Fe deficiency increased ³⁵SO₄ ^2? uptake rates by 11 and 55% in +S and ?S plants, respectively. Data show that Fe-deficiency in maize results in a higher ability to take up sulphate, while limiting the first step of S assimilation in S deprived plants.  相似文献