Response of Thawed Epidi dymal Red Deer Spermatozoa to Increasing Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide,and Importance of Individual Male Variability     

AE Domínguez‐Rebolledo  F Martínez‐Pastor  AF Bisbal  JL Ros‐Santaella  O García‐Álvarez  A Maroto‐Morales  AJ Soler  JJ Garde  MR Fernández‐Santos 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):393-403

Oxidative stress represents a challenge during sperm manipulation. We have tested the effect of increasing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels on red deer spermatozoa after cryopreservation, and the role of male‐to‐male variation in that response. In a first experiment, eight thawed samples were submitted to 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 μm H₂O₂ for 2 h at 37°C. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (H₂DCFDA‐CM) increased with H₂O₂ concentration, but we only detected a decrease in sperm function (motility by CASA and chromatin damage by sperm chromatin structure assay) with 200 μm . Lipoperoxidation assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method increased slightly with 50 μm H₂O₂ and above. In a second experiment, samples from seven males were submitted to 0 and 200 μm H₂O₂ for 2 h, triplicating the experiment within each male. Males differed at thawing and regarding their response to incubation and H₂O₂ presence. We found that the kinematic parameters reflected male‐to‐male variability, whereas the response of the different males was similar for lipid peroxidation and viability. A multiparametric analysis showed that males grouped differently if samples were assessed after thawing, after incubation without H₂O₂ or after incubation with H₂O₂. Red deer spermatozoa are relatively resilient to H₂O₂ after thawing, but it seems to be a great male‐to‐male variability regarding the response to oxidative stress. The acknowledgement of this individual variability might improve the development of optimized sperm work protocols.  相似文献   

Outbreak of human infections with uncommon Salmonella serotypes linked to pet bearded dragons, 2012–2014     

Craig A. Kiebler  Lyndsay Bottichio  Latoya Simmons  Colin Basler  Rachel Klos  Nikos Gurfield  Elizabeth Roberts  Akiko Kimura  Linda S. Lewis  Kiyomi Bird  Felicia Stiles  Linda K. Schlater  Kristina Lantz  Thomas Edling  Casey Barton Behravesh 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(4):425-434

Reptiles are one of the fastest growing sectors in the United States pet industry. Reptile‐associated salmonellosis (RAS) continues to be an important public health problem, especially among children. We investigated an outbreak of human Salmonella infections resulting from serotypes Cotham and Kisarawe, predominately occurring among children. An outbreak of illnesses was identified in persons with exposure to pet bearded dragon lizards. Human and animal health officials, in cooperation with the pet industry, conducted epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations. Onsite sampling was conducted at two US breeding facilities, one foreign breeding facility, and a large pet retail chain. A total of 166 patients in 36 states were identified with illness onset dates from 02/2012–06/2014. The median patient age was 3 years (range, <1–79 years), 57% were aged ≤5 years, and 37% were aged ≤1 year. Forty‐four patients (37%) were hospitalized, predominantly children. Sampling at breeding facilities and a national pet store chain resulted in isolation of outbreak serotypes at each facility; isolation proportions ranged from 2%–24% of samples collected at each facility.Epidemiologic, microbiologic and traceback evidence linked an outbreak of uncommon Salmonella serotypes to contact with pet bearded dragons. The high proportion of infants involved in this outbreak highlights the need to educate owners about the risk of RAS in children and the potential for household contamination by pet reptiles or their habitats. Strategies should be developed to improve breeding practices, biosecurity and monitoring protocols to reduce Salmonella in the pet reptile trade.  相似文献   

Effects of topical treatment of cannabidiol extract in a unique manuka factor 5 manuka honey carrier on second intention wound healing on equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study     

VC McIver  AS Tsang  NE Symonds  NR Perkins  E Uquillas  CM Dart  LB Jeffcott  AJ Dart 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(6):250-255

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Use of rotational periosteal flaps in primary repair of sinofacial fractures in seven horses     

K Gustafsson  AJ Tatz  R Dahan 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(2):119-125

ABSTRACT

Case history: Medical records were reviewed of horses (n?=?7) undergoing surgery for fracture of one or more facial bones extending into the paranasal sinuses that was repaired primarily within 24 hours of the time of injury using a rotational periosteal flap, between April 2009 and May 2017. A kick from another horse was the cause of the injury of three horses, and one horse was injured when it collided with a tree. The cause of the injury of three horses was unknown.

Clinical findings and treatment: Fractures were of the right maxillary bone in two horses, the left maxillary bone in two horses, the left frontal and left nasal bones in two horses, and the right frontal bones in one horse. The fracture of all but one horse was accompanied by an open wound. The fracture of all seven horses was reduced, stabilised, and covered with a rotational, periosteal flap. Surgery was carried out while standing in six horses, and while anesthetised in one horse. All horses had a deficit in the fractured facial bones after the fracture was reduced. Four horses had complications following surgery, but all horses were reported to have excellent cosmetic outcomes and had retuned to their previous level of activity, as reported by their owners.

Clinical relevance: Covering a primarily repaired sinofacial fracture of a horse with a rotational periosteal flap resulted in good cosmetic outcomes, and may be especially beneficial if the fracture is accompanied by loss of bone.  相似文献   

A dual‐porous,inverse model of water retention to study biological and hydrological interactions in soil     

G. M. Laudone  G. P. Matthews  A. S. Gregory  N. R. A. Bird  W. R. Whalley 《European Journal of Soil Science》2013,64(3):345-356

The deterministic modelling of bio‐hydrological processes in soil requires a void structure model that is explicitly dual‐porous containing fully and separately characterized macroporosity and microporosity. It should also contain information that relates the positioning of microporosity relative to macroporosity. An example of such a process is the production of nitrous oxide, in which bacteria in microporous ‘hot‐spots’ are supplied with nutrients and gases through a macroporous pathway. We present a precision void‐structure model that satisfies these two criteria, namely explicit macroporosity and microporosity, and their positional relationship. To demonstrate the construction of the model, we describe the modelling of a single soil, namely Warren soil from Rothamsted Research's Woburn Experimental Farm in Bedfordshire, UK, although the modelling approach is applicable to a wide range of soils and other dual porous solids. The model is capable of fitting several fundamental properties of soil, namely water retention, aggregate size distribution, and porosity of the microporous and macroporous zones. It comprises a dendritic critical percolation path, around which are clustered the microporous regions. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the dual‐porous network is of the correct order of magnitude for a soil of the same density and texture as the Warren sample. Finally, we demonstrate how the preferential flow pathway in the resulting structure differs from the critical percolation pathway, and that only 4.6% by volume of the unclogged macroporosity contributes to the fluid flow through the structure.  相似文献   

Contributions of woody and herbaceous vegetation to tropical savanna ecosystem productivity: a quasi-global estimate     

Lloyd J  Bird MI  Vellen L  Miranda AC  Veenendaal EM  Djagbletey G  Miranda HS  Cook G  Farquhar GD 《Tree physiology》2008,28(3):451-468

To estimate the relative contributions of woody and herbaceous vegetation to savanna productivity, we measured the 13C/12C isotopic ratios of leaves from trees, shrubs, grasses and the surface soil carbon pool for 22 savannas in Australia, Brazil and Ghana covering the full savanna spectrum ranging from almost pure grassland to closed woodlands on all three continents. All trees and shrubs sampled were of the C3 pathway and all grasses of the C4 pathway with the exception of Echinolaena inflexa (Poir.) Chase, a common C3 grass of the Brazilian cerrado. By comparing the carbon isotopic compositions of the plant and carbon pools, a simple model relating soil delta 13C to the relative abundances of trees + shrubs (woody plants) and grasses was developed. The model suggests that the relative proportions of a savanna ecosystem's total foliar projected cover attributable to grasses versus woody plants is a simple and reliable index of the relative contributions of grasses and woody plants to savanna net productivity. Model calibrations against woody tree canopy cover made it possible to estimate the proportion of savanna productivity in the major regions of the world attributable to trees + shrubs and grasses from ground-based observational maps of savanna woodiness. Overall, it was estimated that 59% of the net primary productivity (Np) of tropical savannas is attributable to C4 grasses, but that this proportion varies significantly within and between regions. The C4 grasses make their greatest relative contribution to savanna Np in the Neotropics, whereas in African regions, a greater proportion of savanna Np is attributable to woody plants. The relative contribution of C4 grasses in Australian savannas is intermediate between those in the Neotropics and Africa. These differences can be broadly ascribed to large scale differences in soil fertility and rainfall.  相似文献   

The effect of iron concentration,hindered settling,saturating cation and aggregate density of clays on the size distribution determined by gravitation X‐ray sedimentometry     

C. W. Watts  W. R. Whalley  N. R. A. Bird  M. R. Ashman 《European Journal of Soil Science》2000,51(2):305-311

X‐ray sedimentation is potentially attractive for estimating the particle‐size distribution of soil, but has been thought to overestimate clay fractions because of the iron they contain. We have examined X‐ray sedimentation for estimating the particle‐size distribution of fully dispersed and of aggregated clay. We obtained good agreement between the pipette and X‐ray sedimentation methods using two different kaolinite samples with a small iron concentration. We also studied montmorillonite saturated with Li, Na, K, Mg or Ca to investigate possible effects of hindered settling. For the Ca montmorillonite, we obtained good agreement between X‐ray sedimentation and the pipette method at concentrations up to 40 g l^?1. We also found that X‐ray sedimentation could be used at concentrations less than those recommended by the manufacturer. Hindered settling was observed at concentrations > 20 g l^?1 for Li‐ and Na‐saturated montmorillonite. Our data suggest that conducting experiments at different mass concentrations is a sensitive test to detect such problems. Finally we used a fractal model to investigate the possible errors that might result from the size dependence of aggregate density and show that the error caused by assuming a single value for particle density of solids is small.  相似文献   

Reply     

AJ DART 《Australian veterinary journal》2000,78(4):257-257

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Sectional notes     

Wm. Morrow  J. B. R. Dickey  J. W. Milward  J. J. Bird  E. B. Tussing  A. G. Tolaas 《American Journal of Potato Research》1933,10(12):252-257

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Dry Weather Potato Growing in Michigan     

J. J. Bird 《American Journal of Potato Research》1931,8(10):235-239

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