Flystrike in New Zealand: An overview based on a 16-year study, following the introduction and dispersal of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae)     

Heath AC  Bishop DM 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,137(3-4):333-344

A summary and analysis have been carried out on data from over 6000 instances of flystrike in sheep in NZ, over a 16-year period, using a self-referral system where farmers submitted larvae and related information. The study covered a period of establishment and subsequent countrywide spread of the exotic blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Comparisons are drawn between flystrike as it was perceived by surveys carried out before the 1940s, and the current situation with L. cuprina as an added major impediment. Briefly, the main differences are an increase in the prevalence of flystrike, changes in the representation and relative influence of individual primary blowfly species, an extension of the flystrike 'season', and an apparent increase in the importance of footrot as a factor predisposing to flystrike. Otherwise, flystrike is still primarily a disease of ewe lambs that are struck predominantly around the tail and perineum, mainly because of faecal staining.  相似文献   

Segregation of natural and experimental gastrointestinal nematode infection in F2 progeny of susceptible Suffolk and resistant Gulf Coast Native sheep and its usefulness in assessment of genetic variation     

Miller JE  Bishop SC  Cockett NE  McGraw RA 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,140(1-2):83-89

Gastrointestinal nematode parasitism is a concern to small ruminants worldwide. Productivity has been compromised because such nematodes, particularly Haemonchus contortus, have developed resistance to available anthelmintics. Some sheep breeds and lines within breeds are relatively resistant to infection, a trait that may be useful for developing control strategies. Suffolk sheep, which are susceptible to infection, were crossed with Gulf Coast Native sheep, which are more resistant to infection, to produce F1 progeny. F1 rams were bred to F1 ewes which produced 227 F2 offspring. These F2 offspring were evaluated for variability in infection levels, based on fecal egg count (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV), under two natural infection conditions (one at weaning and another after a summer grazing period) and one experimental infection. The range of both FEC and PCV was large for all three infection periods with annual variation. Overall, the range for the three infection periods, respectively, were 167-149,933, 0-31,400 and 17-114,667 eggs per gram (EPG) of feces and 8.7-37.0%, 7.3-33.0% and 8.3-36.0%. This segregation of infection is what would be expected of F(2) progeny from susceptible and resistant parent breeds. Heritabilities of FEC and PCV for the three infection periods, respectively, were 0.15, 0.29 and 0.12, and 0.11, 0.22 and 0.12. Based on segregation of infection, larger heritabilities and maternal environment effects that declined after weaning, the summer natural infection was probably the best model for assessing genetic variation.  相似文献   

Urea-formaldehyde for the control of common scab of potato     

A. R. Weinhold  Tully Bowman  James Bishop 《American Journal of Potato Research》1964,41(10):319-321

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Apparatus for measuring change in the potato soil bed profile and relationship of change to soil density and air permeability     

J. C. Bishop  H. Timm  D. W. Grimes  J. W. Perdue 《American Journal of Potato Research》1976,53(9):311-317

A profilometer was constructed to measure changes occurring in the potato soil bed profile during growth of a potato crop. Changes in bed cross sectional area were found to be closely related to changes in soil bulk density and air permeability. The instrument was helpful in rapid approximation of these parameters of the physical condition of a Hesperia sandy loam soil.  相似文献   

Efficiency of nitrogen uptake by potatoes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. B. Tyler  F. E. Broadbent  J. C. Bishop 《American Journal of Potato Research》1983,60(4):261-269

White Rose potatoes were fertilized with isotopically labeled ammonium sulfate at rates of 67, 134, 202 and 270 kg N/ha to evaluate N uptake efficiency. All N application increased yields above the control, however the 3 higher N rates produced the same yields statistically. All N rates which maximized yields maintained petiole levels of total N above 600 ppm. Rapid changes in petiole inorganic N occurred during the growing season. Fertilizer derived inorganic N decreased at rates ranging from 67 to 518 ppm/day during the third month after planting. Total inorganic N in petioles during the same period dropped at rates ranging from 500 to 880 ppm/ day. Tubers grown in N-fertilized plots assimilated total N in a nearly linear pattern during the period 82 to 125 days after planting. Uptake of total N ranged from 142 to 233 kg/ha. In assessing N utilization by 3 methods, good agreement was achieved between the isotope and difference method in the first and third (last) samplings, however, agreement was poor between the two in the second sampling. With N rates to 202 kg/ha the uptake efficiency was about 57% but dropped to 39% with application of 270 kg N/ha. When uptake efficiency was measured by dry matter production in relation to units of N fertilizer, the 67 kg N rate was superior to other rates. Inorganic N levels in the surface meter of soil were higher before planting and fertilizer application than after harvest. Following harvest the control plots had more N below 1.5 m than did the N fertilized plots. In control plots, the total inorganic N between 1.5 and 2.5 m depths was equivalent to 170 kg N/ha. Virtually none of the accumulated N below 1 m was due to labeled N applied in the experiment. Using 134 kg N/ha as the optimum rate, tubers removed 178 kg N/ha of which 78 kg was derived from the applied fertilizer. With total N input of 191 kg/ha (57 kg N/ha from irrigation water) the N rate required for maximum yield would pose no risk of nitrate pollution since it represents only 13 kg more than crop removal (191 vs 178 kg N/ha).  相似文献   

Comparison of water trap pans and leaf counts as sampling techniques for green peach aphids on potatoes     

David N. Byrne  Guy W. Bishop 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(5):237-241

Green peach aphid populations were monitored by using water trap pans and by taking leaf samples in 38 southwestern Idaho potato fields from 1972 to 1975. Numbers of winged aphids in trap pans were correlated with populations of aphids developing in adjacent fields but were not predictive of future population trends. Trap pan data are, however, useful in alerting growers to the possibility of damaging field populations which exist in a field at the time of sampling.  相似文献   

Influence of green manures and crop rotation on common scab of potato     

A. R. Weinhold  J. W. Oswald  Tully Bowman  James Bishop  David Wright 《American Journal of Potato Research》1964,41(9):265-273

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Sprout inhibition of fall-grown potatoes by airplane applications of maleic hydrazide     

J. C. Bishop  V. H. Schweers 《American Journal of Potato Research》1961,38(11):377-381

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The effect of potato store operation on energy usage and weight loss     

Y. O. Devres  C. F. H. Bishop 《Potato Research》1995,38(3):251-256

Summary The effect of various storage parameters on the power usage and tuber weight loss for a fully refrigerated potato store were investigated. A computer model validated by detailed monitoring of potato stores was used for the calculations. The store parameters considered were: storage temperature, store relative humidity, local ambient conditions, store capacity or loading factor, half cooling time and the infiltration rate or air tightness of the store. The investigation showed that the power consumption was most affected by the storage temperature and the infiltration rate of the store, and that weight loss was most affected by the half cooling time.  相似文献   

Effect of infection withClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus Davis et al. on water relations in potato     

A. L. Bishop  S. A. Slack 《Potato Research》1992,35(1):59-63

Summary Infection withClavibacter michiganensis subsp.sepedonicus reduced transpiration and xylem function in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) prior to and during wilting. Transpiration depression and subsequent wilting of infected plants appears to result from reduced xylem function.  相似文献