Incidence of laminitis and survey of dietary and management practices in pleasure horses and ponies in south‐eastern Australia          下载免费PDF全文

SJ Potter  NJ Bamford  PA Harris  SR Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(10):370-374

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A typology of fisheries management tools: using experience to catalyse greater success          下载免费PDF全文

Elizabeth R Selig  Oren Ahoobim  Freddy Arocha  Annabelle Cruz‐Trinidad  Rod Fujita  Mafaniso Hara  Laure Katz  Patrick McConney  Blake D Ratner  Lina M Saavedra‐Díaz  Anne‐Maree Schwarz  Djiga Thiao  Elin Torell  Sebastian Troëng  Sebastian Villasante 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(3):543-570

Fisheries provide nutrition and livelihoods for coastal populations, but many fisheries are fully or over‐exploited and we lack an approach for analysing which factors affect management tool performance. We conducted a literature review of 390 studies to assess how fisheries characteristics affected management tool performance across both small‐scale and large‐scale fisheries. We defined success as increased or maintained abundance or biomass, reductions in fishing mortality or improvements in population status. Because the literature only covered a narrow set of biological factors, we also conducted an expert elicitation to create a typology of broader fishery characteristics, enabling conditions and design considerations that affect performance. The literature suggested that the most commonly used management tool in a region was often the most successful, although the scale of success varied. Management tools were more often deemed successful when used in combination, particularly pairings of tools that controlled fishing mortality or effort with spatial management. Examples of successful combinations were the use of catch limits with quotas and limited entry, and marine protected areas with effort restrictions. The most common factors associated with inadequate biological performance were ‘structural’ issues, including poor design or implementation. The expert‐derived typologies revealed strong local leadership, high community involvement and governance capacity as common factors of success across management tool categories (i.e. input, output and technical measures), but the degree of importance varied. Our results are designed to inform selection of appropriate management tools based on empirical data and experience to increase the likelihood of successful fisheries management.  相似文献   

Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries     

Eric Gilman  Jeff Gearhart  Blake Price  Scott Eckert  Henry Milliken  John Wang  Yonat Swimmer  Daisuke Shiode  Osamu Abe  S. Hoyt Peckham  Milani Chaloupka  Martin Hall  Jeff Mangel  Joanna Alfaro-Shigueto  Paul Dalzell  & Asuka Ishizaki 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(1):57-88

There is growing evidence that small-scale, coastal, passive net fisheries may be the largest single threat to some sea turtle populations. We review assessments of turtle interactions in these fisheries, and experiments on gear-technology approaches (modifying gear designs, materials and fishing methods) to mitigate turtle by-catch, available from a small number of studies and fisheries. Additional assessments are needed to improve the limited understanding of the relative degree of risk coastal net fisheries pose to turtle populations, to prioritize limited conservation resources and identify suitable mitigation opportunities. Whether gear technology provides effective and commercially viable solutions, alone or in combination with other approaches, is not well-understood. Fishery-specific assessments and trials are needed, as differences between fisheries, including in gear designs; turtle and target species, sizes and abundance; socioeconomic context; and practicality affect efficacy and suitability of by-catch mitigation methods. Promising gear-technology approaches for gillnets and trammel nets include: increasing gear visibility to turtles but not target species, through illumination and line materials; reducing net vertical height; increasing tiedown length or eliminating tiedowns; incorporating shark-shaped silhouettes; and modifying float characteristics, the number of floats or eliminating floats. Promising gear-technology approaches for pound nets and other trap gear include: replacing mesh with ropes in the upper portion of leaders; incorporating a turtle releasing device into traps; modifying the shape of the trap roof to direct turtles towards the location of an escapement device; using an open trap; and incorporating a device to prevent sea turtle entrance into traps.  相似文献