Biomechanical Analysis of Torsion and Shear Forces in Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine Segments of Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs     

KATHARINA U. HEDIGER  DVM    STEPHEN J. FERGUSON  DVM  PhD    PHILIPPE GEDET  Dipl. Ing.    RE BUSATO  DVM  MSc  PD    FRANCK FORTERRE  DVM  Diplomate ECVS    SAMUEL ISLER  DVM    RETO BARMETTLER  DVM    JOHANN LANG  DVM  Diplomate ECVDI 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(7):874-880

Objective— To determine stiffness and load–displacement curves as a biomechanical response to applied torsion and shear forces in cadaveric canine lumbar and lumbosacral specimens.
Study Design— Biomechanical study.
Animals— Caudal lumbar and lumbosacral functional spine units (FSU) of nonchondrodystrophic large-breed dogs (n=31) with radiographically normal spines.
Methods— FSU from dogs without musculoskeletal disease were tested in torsion in a custom-built spine loading simulator with 6 degrees of freedom, which uses orthogonally mounted electric motors to apply pure axial rotation. For shear tests, specimens were mounted to a custom-made shear-testing device, driven by a servo hydraulic testing machine. Load–displacement curves were recorded for torsion and shear.
Results— Left and right torsion stiffness was not different within each FSU level; however, torsional stiffness of L7-S1 was significantly smaller compared with lumbar FSU (L4-5–L6-7).
Ventral/dorsal stiffness was significantly different from lateral stiffness within an individual FSU level for L5-6, L6-7, and L7-S1 but not for L4-5. When the data from 4 tested shear directions from the same specimen were pooled, level L5-6 was significantly stiffer than L7-S1.
Conclusions— Increased range of motion of the lumbosacral joint is reflected by an overall decreased shear and rotational stiffness at the lumbosacral FSU.
Clinical Relevance— Data from dogs with disc degeneration have to be collected, analyzed, and compared with results from our chondrodystrophic large-breed dogs with radiographically normal spines.  相似文献   

False hyperchloraemia in a dog secondary to ingestion of horse feed supplemented with potassium bromide     

RE Peacock  L Smart 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(8):320-322

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Protection against ovine footrot using a topical preparation of zinc sulphate     

DJ MARSHALL  RI WALKER  RE COVENY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(5):186-188

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Sheep-adapted Anaplasma marginale maintains virulence for cattle     

WK JORGENSEN  RE BOCK  AJ DE  VOS IA SHIELS 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):192-193

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Fibrosis and contracture of the semitendinosus muscle in a dog     

RE CLARKE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(8):259-261

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Canine dendritic cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes     

E.M. Goodell  D.A. Blumenstock  W.E. Bowers 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1985,8(4):301-310

Canine dendritic cells were prepared from peripheral blood or lymph nodes using a series of steps including fractionation on bovine plasma albumin (BPA), irradiation with 4000 R, incubation for 16–18 hours, and refractionation on BPA. Dendritic cells were recovered in the low density (LD) fraction containing approximately 0.6% of the unfractionated cells. Measured by the incorporation of ³H-thymidine, the response of the high density (HD) cells to neuraminidase-galactose oxidase (NGO) was lower than that of the unfractionated lymph node cells (LNC) but increased in a concentration dependent manner after the addition of a population of cells enriched for dendritic cells (30–70% by morphologic criteria). Cooperation between HD- and LD- cells was not restricted to identity of the major histocompatibility complex. Canine dendritic cells also displayed stimulatory activity higher than unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a one way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Canine dendritic cells were nonadherent to plastic, were of low density, and remained viable and functional after irradiation. For the first time, canine dendritic cells have been identified in peripheral blood and lymph nodes and have been shown to act as accessory cells in the response of lymphocytes to NGO and as stimulator cells in a MLC.  相似文献   

Identification of Kagoshima and Chuzan viruses of Japan as Kasba virus, an orbivirus of the Palyam serogroup     

ER JUSA  Y. INABA  K. KADOI  H. KUROGI  E. FONSECA  RE SHOPE 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(2):57-57

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A survey of neurological diseases in horses     

CM TYLER  RE DAVIS  AP BEGG  DR HUTCHINS  DR HODGSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(12):445-449

SUMMARY: Case records of 450 horses with signs of neurological disease are reviewed. One hundred and nineteen horses with neurological disease due to trauma were examined, of which 60 were due to spinal cord trauma, 47 to brain or cranial nerve trauma and 12 to peripheral nerve trauma. Cervical vertebral fractures/trauma were the most common injury. Basisphenold/basloccipital bone fractures were the most common form of cranial trauma and facial nerve paralysis the most common cranial nerve injury. Eighty-nine horses with neurological disease due to malformation were examined. Cervical vertebral malformation occurred in 83 horses and congenital defects in 6 foals. Neurological disease due to inflammation or infection occurred in 30 horses. The most common disease of this type was meningitis, which occurred in 11 horses and foals. Neoplasms in the CNS caused neurological disease in 8 horses. The final category was miscellaneous neurological disease, which was diagnosed in 204 horses. Diseases in this category included neonatal (28 cases), toxic/metabolic (27 cases), idiopathic (133 cases), degenerative (3 cases) and other neurological diseases (13 cases). The most common condition was idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (116 cases).
Where possible, diagnosis relied on a thorough neurological examination with use of ancillary tests in selected cases including rhinolaryngoscopy, radiography, myelography, ophthalmoscopy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis when indicated. In many cases necropsy and histopathological confirmation or diagnosis was necessary.  相似文献   

Diversity and assembly of weed communities: contrasting responses across cropping systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A LÉGÈRE  F C STEVENSON†  & D L BENOIT‡ 《Weed Research》2005,45(4):303-315

Diversity and weed community composition of mid-season plant stands and autumn seedbanks were examined in spring barley–red clover cropping systems that varied according to crop rotation, tillage and weed management. Weed plant and seed density data collected over 4 years were used in the calculation of species richness (number of species), evenness (Shannon's E) and diversity (Shannon's H′), and in multivariate analysis (canonical discriminant analysis) of weed communities. Weed diversity indices were low (H′ < 2.0) but sensitive to management practices. Evenness had intermediate values (E = 0.4–0.8), suggesting little evidence of truly dominant species, particularly in the seedbanks. The difference in the number of species between treatments was never large (approximately two to four species). Overall, diversity indices were highest in the low disturbance treatments, particularly those with minimum weed management. Factors affecting ordination were somewhat different from those affecting diversity. Tillage had little effect on weed diversity indices but had a more major role in determining weed community composition. Seedbanks in no-till and monoculture-chisel plough treatments appeared to have more distinctive species composition compared with other treatments. Weed species assembly in seedbanks showed little discrimination across treatments and over time, confirming the ability of seedbanks to buffer disturbances across a variety of cropping systems. The use of diversity indices revealed part of the complexity of weed communities associated with disturbance in cropping systems, whereas ordination singled out species–cropping systems associations, which may be more meaningful to weed management.  相似文献   

The effects of hydrogen peroxide on the stress response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)     

Bowers JM  Speare DJ  Burka JF 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2002,25(4):311-313

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