Novel combination of a biosurfactant with entomopathogenic fungi enhances efficacy against Bemisia whitefly     

Jaqueline do Nascimento Silva  Gabriel M Mascarin  Rui de Paula Vieira de Castro  Leda R Castilho  Denise MG Freire 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2882-2891

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Influence of the Freezing Technique (Nitrogen Liquid vs Ultrafreezer of −152°C) and Male-to-Male Variation Over the Semen Quality in Canarian Mastiff Breed Dogs     

M Batista  D Alamo  F González  MG Cruz  A Gracia 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(5):423-428

This study was carried out to assess the in vitro quality of canine semen frozen in an ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C and to evaluate the male-to-male variation of frozen semen in five male dogs of the Canarian Mastiff breed. Four ejaculates of each dog were processed individually (5% glycerol and 0.5% Equex) to reach a final concentration of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. Then, two freezing techniques were tested to assess the seminal quality (sperm motility, live spermatozoa and abnormal sperm cell percentages) at 1, 30, 60, 120 and 360 days after freezing: (i) semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen; (ii) semen was frozen and stored in the ultrafreezer at -152 degrees C. After freezing-thawing, both freezing protocols showed no significant differences in sperm motility and the percentages of live and abnormal spermatozoa. On the other hand, the microscopic characteristics of spermatozoa in fresh semen were practically similar among males; however, after the semen processing and freezing, significant differences were observed (p < 0.05) among males, especially as regards sperm motility. This inter-individual variability was detected in both freezing protocols, showing that the male-to-male variation in the seminal quality post-freezing was independent of the freezing technique used. The in vitro results obtained in the Canarian Mastiff breed confirmed that the use of ultra-freezers at -152 degrees C is a potential alternative to liquid nitrogen for storing canine semen for long periods of time.  相似文献   

Luteal Characteristics and Progesterone Production on Day 5 of the Bovine Oestrous Cycle     

MP Green  GE Mann  MG Hunter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):643-647

In this study we have examined luteal function in non-lactating and late lactation dairy cows on day 5 of the cycle, during the period of the post-ovulatory progesterone rise. Comparison of luteal progesterone content and in vitro synthetic capacity with circulating plasma progesterone demonstrated that circulating progesterone concentration is a function of total luteal activity rather than the activity of individual units of tissue. Incubation of luteal tissue in vitro demonstrated stimulatory activity of LH and IGF-I, and to a greater degree IGF-II, on luteal progesterone synthesis. Finally the study showed no effect of double ovulation on luteal function. Occurrence of double ovulation in 35% of animals was not associated with any difference in luteal function or plasma progesterone concentrations.  相似文献   

A new vaccine against louping-ill     

J G Brotherston  J B Boyce 《The Veterinary record》1969,84(20):514-515

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Factors influencing female home range sizes in elk (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cervus elaphus</Emphasis>) in North American landscapes     

Dean P.?AndersonEmail author  James?D.?Forester  Monica?G.?Turner  Jacqui?L.?Frair  Evelyn?H.?Merrill  Daniel?Fortin  Julie?S.?Mao  Mark?S.?Boyce 《Landscape Ecology》2005,20(3):257-271

Home range size is a result of individual movements and the spatial distribution of a population. While body size, sex, and age are known to influence the area over which an animal ranges, it remains uncertain how landscape heterogeneity influences home range size. We examined elk (Cervus elaphus) seasonal home range sizes in relation to the quantity and spatial heterogeneity of forage biomass, forest cover, topography, snow–water equivalents, and landscape structure in three study landscapes: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA; eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies, Alberta; and northern Wisconsin, USA. We used a 95% fixed kernel estimator to measure the home range size and location of all elk. To identify the scales at which important factors influenced home range sizes, we quantified environmental variables within the estimated home range polygon and within concentric circles with radii of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 m from the home range center. Results indicate that there was an inverse relationship between forage biomass and summer and winter home range sizes in Alberta and Wisconsin, however the relationship was positive in Yellowstone. The size of summer and winter home ranges was positively related to percent forest cover; however this relationship was significant only when forest cover was quantified within the home range polygon or radii that were greater than or equal to 3000 m. Winter home ranges also had a positive relationship with snow–water equivalents. The predictive strength of summer home range models was greatest when landscape variables were quantified within the concentric circles with a radius of 3000 m or more, whereas the predictive strength of the winter models was greatest within the estimated home range polygon. Results suggest that elk ranging patterns reflected complex trade-offs that affect foraging, group dynamics, movement energetics, predation avoidance and thermal regulation. The multi-scale analysis indicates that elk based home ranging decisions on an area equal to their home range, but areas outside of the estimated home range were also important.  相似文献   

An epizootic of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic disease in captive black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus).     

W M Boyce  L W Woods  M K Keel  N J MacLachlan  C O Porter  H D Lehmkuhl 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(3):370-373

Ten fawns and four adult black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in a captive herd died as a result of adenovirus-induced hemorrhagic disease. Acute, systemic infections were characterized by hemorrhagic enteropathy, pulmonary edema, and occasional ulceration of the upper alimentary tract. Localized infections were limited to the upper alimentary tract and included stomatitis, pharyngitis, mandibular osteomyelitis, and rumenitis. In deer with acute, systemic infections, a diagnosis was made by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The serum neutralization test was useful for confirming a diagnosis in animals with prolonged, localized infections. Deer originating from herds with a history of adenovirus infection should not be transferred to other captive herds or released into free-ranging populations because they may serve as carriers of adenovirus.  相似文献   

Structure,dynamics and movement patterns of the Australian pig industry     

IJ East  J Davis  ESG Sergeant  MG Garner 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(3):52-57

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Husbandry Factors and the Resumption of Luteal Activity in Open and Zero‐Grazed Dairy Cows in Urban and Peri‐Urban Kampala,Uganda     

BM Kanyima  R Båge  DO Owiny  T Ntallaris  J Lindahl  U Magnusson  MG Nassuna‐Musoke 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(4):673-678

The study investigated the influence of selected husbandry factors on interval to resumption of post‐partum cyclicity among dairy cows in urban and peri‐urban Kampala. A prospective study of 85 day post‐partum period of 59 dairy cows in open (n = 38) and zero grazing (n = 21) systems was conducted on 24 farms. Cows of parity 1–6 were recruited starting 15–30 days post‐partum. Progesterone (P4) content in milk taken at 10–12 day intervals was analysed using ELISA. The cow P4 profiles were classified into ‘normal’ (< 56 days), ‘delayed’ (> 56 days), ‘ceased’ or ‘prolonged’ (if started < 56 days but with abnormal P4 displays) resumption of luteal activity and tested for association with husbandry and cow factors. Of the 59 cows, luteal activity in 81.4% resumed normally and in 18.6%, delayed. Only 23.7% maintained regular luteal activity, while the others had ceased (10.2%), prolonged (37.3%) or unclear luteal activity (20.3%). There were no differences between open and zero‐grazed cows. Milk production was higher (p < 0.05) in zero than open grazing, in urban than peri‐urban and in cows fed on brew waste (p < 0.001) compared with mill products and banana peels. Results suggest that luteal activity resumes normally in a majority of cows, although only a minority experienced continued normal cyclicity once ovulation had occurred, in the two farming systems irrespective of feed supplements or water, and that supplementing with brew waste is beneficial for milk production.  相似文献   

Adatom pairing structures for Ge on si(100): the initial stage of island formation     

XR Qin  MG Lagally 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5342):1444-1447

With the use of scanning tunneling microscopy, it is shown that germanium atoms adsorbed on the (100) surface of silicon near room temperature form chainlike structures that are tilted from the substrate dimer bond direction and that consist of two-atom units arranged in adjoining substrate troughs. These units are distinctly different from surface dimers. They may provide the link missing in our understanding of the elementary processes in epitaxial film growth: the step between monomer adsorption and the initial formation of two-dimensional growth islands.  相似文献   

Stimulation of bone formation in vitro and in rodents by statins     

Mundy G  Garrett R  Harris S  Chan J  Chen D  Rossini G  Boyce B  Zhao M  Gutierrez G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1946-1949

Osteoporosis and other diseases of bone loss are a major public health problem. Here it is shown that the statins, drugs widely used for lowering serum cholesterol, also enhance new bone formation in vitro and in rodents. This effect was associated with increased expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene in bone cells. Lovastatin and simvastatin increased bone formation when injected subcutaneously over the calvaria of mice and increased cancellous bone volume when orally administered to rats. Thus, in appropriate doses, statins may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of osteoporosis.  相似文献