Survey of factors influencing faculty decisions on international veterinary work     

Renberg WC  White BJ 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2012,39(2):189-194

Faculty members at US colleges of veterinary medicine can encounter opportunities to work as a veterinarian in a foreign country. Institutions, governments, and other organizations can more effectively recruit faculty for these positions if they understand the characteristics of the individuals who are most likely to participate in these programs. The purpose of this study was to determine what characteristics influence veterinary faculty's desire to participate in foreign programs. Results illustrated that position type (tenure, clinical), rank (assistant professor, associate professor, full professor), gender, and the presence of pre-elementary aged children were significantly associated with willingness to work in a foreign country. In addition, survey respondents who indicated that the duration of the assignment was of high importance were less willing to travel than respondents who indicated that the duration of the assignment was of moderate importance or lower. The results from this survey provide important information about the characteristics of individuals more willing to participate in foreign programs. This information allows targeted recruiting by organizations, facilitating veterinary work in foreign countries.  相似文献   

Mergers and Acquisitions Involving Equine Veterinary Practices     

Brad R. Jackman  Owen E. McCafferty 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2009

  相似文献   

Global Recognition of Qualified Toxicologic Pathologists: Credential Review as a Potential Route for Recognizing the Proficiency of Pathologists Involved in Regulatory-type Nonclinical Studies     

Ettlin RA  Bolon B  Pyrah I  Konishi Y  Black HE 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(2):143-152

Recent international summits of the International Federation of Societies of Toxicologic Pathologists (IFSTP) have debated the desirability and potential means by which the proficiency of an individual toxicologic pathologist might be recognized and communicated throughout the world. The present document describes the advantages and disadvantages of implementing such a global recognition system by any means, and provides a proposal whereby recognition might be accorded via rigorous credential review of a practitioner's education and experience.  相似文献   

Comparison of capsular opacification and refractive status after placement of three different intraocular lens implants following phacoemulsification and aspiration of cataracts in dogs     

Barrett W. Gift  Robert V. English  Brad Nadelstein†  Anne K. Weigt‡  Brian C. Gilger§ 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2009,12(1):13-21

Objective  To evaluate the effect of lens design and biomaterial on formation of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) and refractive correction.
Animals studied  Sixty dogs undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification for mature or diabetic cataracts.
Procedures  One randomly selected eye received a rounded edge 41D polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular replacement lens (IOL) and the contralateral eye received either a squared edge 41D hydrophilic acrylic IOL ( n  = 35) or a squared edge 40D hydrophobic acrylic IOL ( n  = 25). At the (mean = 79 day) reexamination period, PCO was graded using direct slit-lamp observation and by masked observer evaluation of digital images of the IOLs. Streak retinoscopy and B-mode ultrasound were performed at this period.
Results  The PCO score via direct slit-lamp was significantly lower for the hydrophilic acrylic IOL when compared to the PMMA IOL. Masked observer evaluation of digital images revealed that the acrylic IOLs had lower but generally not statistically significant PCO scores than the PMMA IOLs. Streak retinoscopy showed that the PMMA IOL was significantly closer to emmetropia (+0.44 D) when compared to either the hydrophilic acrylic (+0.96 D) or the hydrophobic acrylic (+1.2 D) IOLs. B-mode ultrasonography revealed the center of the hydrophilic acrylic IOL is 0.31 mm closer to the retina and the center of the hydrophobic acrylic IOL is 0.63 mm further from the retina when compared to the center of the PMMA to retina distance.
Conclusions  Square edged foldable acrylic IOLs show a predisposition towards generating slightly less PCO than round edged PMMA IOLs in the early postoperative period, however, both acrylic IOLs had greater persistent hyperopia than the PMMA IOLs.  相似文献   

Gut Fermentation and Growth Performance of Pigs Fed High Fiber Diet     

Abraham Woldeghebriel  Shanequa Smith  Teo Barrios  Brad Pope  Sebhatu Gebrelul 《农业科学与技术》2012,(11):1290-1295

  相似文献   

Effects of administration of two growth hormone-releasing hormone plasmids to gilts on sow and litter performance for the subsequent three gestations     

PA Brown  AS Khan  R Draghia-Akli  MA Pope  AM Bodles-Brakhop  DR Kern 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(9):1428-1434

Objective-To determine whether a novel optimized plasmid carrying the porcine growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) wild-type cDNA administered at a lower dose was as effective at eliciting physiologic responses as a commercial GHRH plasmid approved for use in Australia. Animals-134 gilts. Procedures-Estrus was synchronized and gilts were bred. Pregnant gilts were assigned to 2 treatment groups (40 gilts/group) or 1 untreated control group (24 gilts). Gilts in one of the treatment groups received the commercial GHRH plasmid, whereas gilts in the other treatment group received a novel optimized GHRH plasmid; both plasmids were administered IM in the right hind limb, which was followed by electroporation. Sow and litter performance were monitored for the 3 gestations after treatment. Results-A significant increase in insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations, decrease in perinatal mortality rate, increase in the number of pigs born alive, and increase in the weight and number of pigs weaned were detected for both groups receiving the GHRH-expressing plasmids, compared with values for the control group. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in sow attrition in GHRH-treated females, compared with attrition in the control group, during the 3 gestations after treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Both of the GHRH plasmids provided significant benefits for sow performance and baby pig survivability for pregnant and lactating sows and their offspring during the 3 gestations after treatment, compared with results for untreated control gilts. Use of a novel optimized plasmid reduced the effective plasmid dose in these large mammals.  相似文献   

Economic costs associated with two testing strategies for screening feeder calves for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus     

Larson RL  Miller RB  Kleiboeker SB  Miller MA  White BJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(2):249-254

OBJECTIVE: To develop partial budgets of the economic costs of 2 test strategies for screening cattle for persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). DESIGN: Partial budget analysis. ANIMALS: 938 calves arriving at 2 stocker operations. PROCEDURE: Calves were tested to determine prevalence of persistent BVDV infection. Test strategies that were evaluated included a single-test strategy consisting of immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy specimens from all animals and a 2-test strategy consisting of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assaying of pooled blood samples followed by immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsy specimens from animals in pools for which assay results were positive. Break-even costs (i.e., cost of persistent BVDV infection per animal necessary to justify whole-herd diagnostic testing) associated with each test strategy were calculated as a function of disease prevalence and test cost. RESULTS: Apparent prevalence of persistent BVDV infection was 0.32%. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR assay for pooled samples were 100% and 89.7%, respectively. Regardless of the prevalence of persistent BVDV infection, the break-even cost for the 2-test strategy was lower than the break-even cost for the single-test strategy. However, the economic advantage was greatest when prevalence was low. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that using a 2-test strategy to screen cattle for persistent BVDV infection, whereby the first test involves PCR assaying of pooled samples and the second involves immunohistochemical testing only of those animals represented in pooled samples with positive assay results, will reduce the cost of screening incoming feedlot cattle, compared with immunohistochemical testing of all animals.  相似文献   

Estrogen receptors in the uterus and ovarian follicles of gilts treated with dihydrotestosterone     

Cárdenas H  Pope WF 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2005,29(3):523-533

Experiments were conducted to evaluate expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta genes in the uterus and ovarian follicles of gilts treated with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle. This DHT treatment has enhanced ovulation rate but decreased blastocyst survival in previous experiments. Gilts received daily i.m. injections of 10 mg of DHT from day 13 (day 0 = onset of estrus) to day 18 (experiment 1), or from day 13 to 16 (experiment 2) of the estrous cycle. Gilts that served as controls received vehicle. The ovaries and a portion of uterine horn were surgically removed 24 h after the last treatment. Administration of DHT from day 13 to 18 of the estrous cycle decreased uterine wet weight (tendency, P = 0.10), and the relative amounts (ratios to ribosomal protein L19) of endometrial mRNA for the estrogen-responsive gene complement component C3. Gilts receiving DHT had greater amounts of ERbeta mRNA in the endometrium than those treated with vehicle in both experiments, but DHT did not alter the overall amounts of endometrial ERalpha mRNA. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated that DHT did not alter the relative amounts of ERalpha in the myometrium, glandular and luminal epithelia and endometrial subepithelial stroma. In the ovary, amounts of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs in surface walls of follicles > or =6 mm in diameter were not altered by DHT treatments, however, DHT treatment from day 13 to 16 decreased the amounts of immunoreactive ERalpha in the theca interna at the surface walls of day 17 follicles (experiment 2). The amounts of immunoreactive ERalpha were greater in the granulosa than in the theca interna, and within cell type, the amounts of ERalpha were greater at the surface than at the basal region of the follicles, with the exception of the theca interna in follicles evaluated on day 19 (experiment 1). Treatment of gilts with DHT during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle increased ERbeta mRNA in the endometrium and influenced the amounts of immunoreactive ERalpha in ovarian follicles in a cell type-, day of development- and region-specific manner.  相似文献   

Transvenous electrical cardioversion of equine atrial fibrillation: technical considerations     

McGurrin MK  Physick-Sheard PW  Kenney DG  Kerr C  Hanna WJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):695-702

Conventional treatment of equine atrial fibrillation (AF) involves administration of quinidine salts. Most uncomplicated cases respond to treatment, but pharmacologic cardioversion involves a range of adverse effects, and some horses are unable to tolerate medication. A study was undertaken to develop transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC) as an alternative treatment. Safety issues and catheter placement techniques with catheter-integrated cardioversion electrodes were investigated, and responses to shock application were evaluated. After the premortem catheterization of elective-euthanasia horses, no tissue abnormalities were detected at postmortem examination. To evaluate the response to the application of shocks and appropriate electrode positions, an electrical cardioversion of research horses in chronic AF was then attempted. After catheterization of the right atrium (RA) and pulmonary artery through the right jugular vein, horses were placed under general anesthesia. Biphasic, truncated exponential shock waves were delivered at incremental energies until cardioversion was achieved or until a maximum energy of 300 J was reached. Five treatment events were applied to 3 horses, with cardioversion achieved in one of the treatment events. No adverse effects of cardioversion attempts or general anesthesia were observed. The procedure was then applied to 8 client-owned horses, with cardioversion achieved in 7. No adverse responses to appropriately delivered shocks were observed. No antiarrhythmic medications were administered to any horse at any stage. Catheter design and placement technique evolved throughout the study, with combined ultrasonography and pressure guidance proving most effective in achieving appropriate electrode placement. Results suggest TVEC, as applied in the present study, is a safe, effective, and realistic therapeutic option for equine AF.  相似文献   

The galactic habitable zone and the age distribution of complex life in the Milky Way     

Lineweaver CH  Fenner Y  Gibson BK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5654):59-62

We modeled the evolution of the Milky Way Galaxy to trace the distribution in space and time of four prerequisites for complex life: the presence of a host star, enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets, sufficient time for biological evolution, and an environment free of life-extinguishing supernovae. We identified the Galactic habitable zone (GHZ) as an annular region between 7 and 9 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center that widens with time and is composed of stars that formed between 8 and 4 billion years ago. This GHZ yields an age distribution for the complex life that may inhabit our Galaxy. We found that 75% of the stars in the GHZ are older than the Sun.  相似文献