Survival of the western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) in an urban California environment     

Phillip Q Spinks  Gregory B Pauly  H Bradley Shaffer 《Biological conservation》2003,113(2):257-267

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys) marmorata is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretum waterway on the University of California, Davis campus is an example of an extensively altered urban habitat that supports a relatively large E. marmorata population. Over the last 6 years, we monitored the turtle population inhabiting the arboretum waterway to determine the demographic health of the population, and the challenges and opportunities that urban environments pose for pond turtles. Since 1993, the naturally existing arboretum pond turtle population has declined by approximately 40% and has shown little natural recruitment. During this time, we also introduced 31 headstarted turtles into the arboretum. Headstarting is the process of raising juveniles in captivity until they have outgrown their period of greatest vulnerability to predators, and then releasing them into the wild. Our headstarting results demonstrate that this contentious strategy is a viable option for adding young turtles to the population, although it does not address the causes of decline. Over the course of our study, we encountered nine species of non-native turtles in the waterway, and these appear to be a serious threat to the native species. As more habitat becomes urbanized, it is increasingly important to understand how freshwater turtles, such as E. marmorata, adapt to urban waterways and the impact of non-native turtles on native turtle species. Our strong feeling is that urban waterways can provide habitat for viable populations of freshwater turtles and showcase them to the public, but both the aquatic and terrestrial habitat must be managed according to the biological requirements of individual species.  相似文献   

Letters     

Dr Stephen Collier  Dr Bob Bradley  Faith Rosson  Will Gartrell  Dr Bob Bradley  Alistair Webb  Dr Graham Thompson  Dr Elaine Cebuliak 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(5):320-322

Editor's note: The AVJ welcomes letters from members in all areas of the profession on matters of importance to you. Please keep them brief ‐ to meet our space constraints. Letters will be subject to minimal editing procedures. Subject to letters complying with the AVJ's legal responsibilities, they will not be censored. Nor will individuals or groups waging'‘campaigns’ be permitted to abuse these pages. If submitting a letter intended for publication, kindly identify it as such. Letters to the Editor can be sent by mail, fax or e‐mail at the contact points listed at the start of the News Section. Writers may use a pseudonym to protect their identities ‐ but must supply the Editor with verifiable names and points of contact.  相似文献   

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NOTES     

Bradley JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1928,68(1752):81-82

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Efficacy of a morantel sustained-release bolus for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in Florida dairy heifers     

R E Bradley  D H Bliss  T J Newby 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(11):2385-2388

The effectiveness of a morantel sustained-release bolus (MSRB) in controlling gastrointestinal nematode infections was determined in 70 Holstein heifer calves with no prior grazing experience. Calves were allotted to 2 treatment groups and were maintained in Florida during the grazing season on divided pastures of equal area. One MSRB was administered to each calf in 1 group at the time of turnout onto spring pasture, whereas calves in the other group remained as nonmedicated controls. By the end of the grazing season, treatment resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) lower worm burdens and significantly improved weight gains. The MSRB-treated calves were able to reach breeding weight 2 to 4 weeks earlier than did nonmedicated calves.  相似文献   

Back muscle necrosis of pigs.     

R Bradley  G A Wells  L J Gray 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(9):183-188

The clinical signs and pathological features of back muscle necrosis (BMN) in four pigs from three English pig herds were similar to those recorded in pigs from mainland Europe. The observations made support the view that BMN is a special manifestation of the porcine stress syndrome. Diagnosis of acute BMN can be made clinically supported by the analysis of plasma creatine phosphokinase activity and can be confirmed post mortem by macroscopic and microscopic observation on the back muscles.  相似文献   

Swine hematology from birth to maturity. IV. Serum calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper, zinc and inorganic phosphorus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D E Ullrey  E R Miller  B E Brent  B L Bradley  J A Hoefer 《Journal of animal science》1967,26(5):1024-1029

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Normal behavior and the clinical implications of abnormal behavior in guinea pigs.     

T A Bradley 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2001,4(3):681-696

Cavies are becoming more popular as pets because they are relatively easy to care for and provide never-ending love and entertainment with their curious but gentle nature. As with other species, the best way to learn about guinea pig behavior is to own guinea pigs. Understanding normal behavior provides the practitioner with the ability to more easily recognize pathology and abnormal behavior. This allows the veterinarian to provide necessary supportive care and pain management more quickly while performing diagnostics and determining the need for therapeutics. Understanding the behavior of cavies allows the clinician to better educate guinea pig-owning clients and to better and more quickly serve the needs of their guinea pig patients.  相似文献   

Effects of chlormadinone acetate (Estrostat) on preweaning and postweaning growth rate and breeding efficiency of beef heifers     

N W Bradley  J A Boling  D R Lovell 《Journal of animal science》1971,33(2):421-425

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Protection of cattle against heartwater in Botswana: comparative efficacy of different methods against natural and blood-derived challenges     

B C Simpson  M S Lindsay  J R Morris  F S Muirhead  A Pollock  S G Prichard  H G Stanley  G R Thirlwell  A G Hunter  J Bradley 《The Veterinary record》1987,120(6):135-138

Five groups of Tswana-cross castrated male cattle between 20 and 30 months of age (a total of 158 animals) were transported from a ranch in a heartwater-free area of south Botswana to a feedlot near Gaborone in the east of Botswana where heartwater is endemic. On arrival, one group was vaccinated intravenously with the Onderstepoort sheep blood heartwater vaccine, one group was vaccinated intravenously with the new Onderstepoort tick-derived heartwater vaccine and a third group was vaccinated subcutaneously with this tick-derived vaccine. Vaccine reactions were blocked with long acting oxytetracycline on the first day of fever. A fourth group had a series of injections of long acting oxytetracycline on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 after arrival, and a fifth served as untreated controls. The animals remained at the feedlot for 65 days during which time they faced a low level of challenge by Amblyomma hebraeum ticks. None contracted heartwater and so they were then challenged, together with a further group of control cattle, with a dose of the sheep blood vaccine. Some animals in all groups had severe heartwater reactions and died despite therapy, but 76.7 per cent, 64.5 per cent and 74.3 per cent of the cattle in the blood vaccine, intravenous tick vaccine and long acting oxytetracycline groups respectively were resistant to challenge, compared with 48.3 per cent of the subcutaneous tick vaccine group and 36.4 per cent of the controls. It was concluded that intravenous vaccination of susceptible adult cattle with either the blood or the tick-derived vaccine needs careful monitoring in the month after vaccination and does not necessarily result in immune animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Critical test evaluation of butamisole against gastrointestinal parasites of horses and ponies.     

R B Grieve  B G Moore  R E Bradley 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(1):139-141

A critical test was performed to evaluate the anthelmintic properties of an injectable butamisole formulation and to compare the efficiency with that of a commercially available piperazine-thiabendazole anthelmintic. The test was done in 10 horses and 15 ponies with naturally acquired parasitic infections. Butamisole was administered at the dose level of 2.5 or 3.75 mg/kg of body weight by either subcutaneous or deep intramuscular injection. Given at the dose level of 2.5 mg/kg, butamisole was highly effective (99%) against Strongylus vulgaris and moderately effective (49%) against Parascaris equorum. At the 3.75 mg/kg dose rate, butamisole was highly effective against both S vulgaris (97%) and P equorum (94%). Butamisole had limited efficacy against other parasite species. Signs of toxicosis, long-term swelling of the injection sites, or tissue damage were not seen after injection.  相似文献