Continuous rate infusion of midazolam as emergent treatment for seizures in dogs     

Kathryn Y. Bray  Christopher L. Mariani  Peter J. Early  Karen R. Muana  Natasha J. Olby 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2021,35(1):388-396

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The increased efficiency of fish swimming in a school          下载免费PDF全文

CK Hemelrijk  DAP Reid  H Hildenbrandt  JT Padding 《Fish and Fisheries》2015,16(3):511-521

There is increasing evidence that fish gain energetic benefits from the hydrodynamic interactions when they swim in a school. The most recent indications of such benefits are a lower tail (or fin) beat at the back of a school and reduced oxygen consumption in schooling fish versus solitary ones. How such advantages may arise is poorly understood. Current hydrodynamic theories concern either fish swimming side by side or in a diamond configuration and they largely ignore effects of viscosity and interactions among wakes and individuals. In reality, however, hydrodynamic effects are complex and fish swim in many configurations. Since these hydrodynamic effects are difficult to study empirically, we investigate them in a computer model by incorporating viscosity and interactions among wakes and with individuals. We compare swimming efficiency of model fish (based on shapes of mullets of 126 mm) travelling solitarily and in schools at several interindividual distances in four different configurations (diamond, rectangular, phalanx and line). We show that these fish always swim more efficiently in a school than alone (except in a dense phalanx). We indicate how this efficiency may emerge from several kinds of interactions between wakes and individuals. As individuals in our simulations are not even intending to exploit the wake, gains in efficiency are obtained more easily than previously thought.  相似文献   

Trypanosomiasis in an Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus)          下载免费PDF全文

JT Mackie  R Stenner  AK Gillett  A Barbosa  U Ryan  PJ Irwin 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(7):259-261

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Effect of dietary cysteine supplements on canola meal toxicity and altered hepatic glutathione metabolism in the rat.     

T K Smith  T M Bray 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(8):2510-2515

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding canola meal (Brassica campestris and Brassica napus) on the rat hepatic glutathione detoxification system and whether dietary cysteine supplements might modify such effects. Rats were fed test diets for 14 d. Body weight change, feed consumption, hepatic glutathione concentration, and hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GSH-S-T) activities were determined. Weight gain was decreased when canola meal was fed, whereas hepatic glutathione concentrations increased, as did hepatic GSH-S-T activity. All effects correlated with total glucosinolate concentration in the canola meal. Dietary cysteine supplements, however, did not influence the growth reduction and increased hepatic glutathione concentrations caused by feeding canola meal. Supplemental cysteine prevented the elevation in hepatic GSH-S-T activity. The elevation in hepatic glutathione concentration caused by canola meals was not an overcompensation caused by an initial depletion and therefore reflected a general hepatotoxicity. Feeding supplemental cysteine increased hepatic glutathione levels at early time intervals and delayed the induction of GSH-S-T caused by canola meal toxicity. There was no beneficial effect of supplemental dietary cysteine in overcoming the toxicity of high levels of canola meal, but supplemental cysteine did modify the canola meal-induced changes in hepatic glutathione metabolism.  相似文献   

The effect of egg weight on strain differences in embryonic and postembryonic growth in the domestic fowl 1     

D. F. Bray  E. L. Iton 《British poultry science》1962,3(3):175-188

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Observations on the phylogeny of Opisthadena Linton, 1910 and related genera (Hemiuridae: Opisthadeninae) from Australian and French Polynesian waters     

Bray RA  Cribb TH 《Folia parasitologica》2002,49(4):279-290

Mitrostoma nototheniae Manter, 1954 is redescribed from Aplodactylus arctidens Richardson, off northern Tasmania. Opisthadena dimidia Linton, 1910 is reported from Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, Ningaloo, Western Australia, K. cinerascens (Forssk?l), off Heron Island and Ningaloo, Western Australia, Kyphosus cornelii (Whitley), off Kalbarri, Western Australia, K. sydneyanus Günther, off Fremantle, Western Australia, K. sydneyanus ?, Ningaloo, Western Australia and K. vaigiensis (Quoy et Gaimard), off Heron and Lizard Islands, Queensland and Moorea, French Polynesia: measurements and an illustration are given. Neopisthadena habei Machida, 1980 is reported from K. sydneyanus off Fremantle, Western Australia: measurements and an illustration are given. Data derived from these specimens are used to recode a data-matrix developed by León-Règagnon et al. (1996), and the resultant tree produced is almost congruent with that of these authors. Our data indicate that this group of parasites is associated mostly with herbivorous hosts and that O. dimidia, while geographically widespread, is stenoxenic to the genus Kyphosus.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the ability of orally administered aspirin to mitigate effects of 3-methylindole in feedlot cattle     

Bingham HR  Wittum TE  Morley PS  Bray TM  Sarver CF  Queen WG  Shulaw WP 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(10):1209-1213

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of orally administered aspirin to mitigate 3-methylindole (3MI)-induced respiratory tract disease and reduced rate of gain in feedlot cattle. ANIMALS: 244 beef cattle. PROCEDURE: In a masked, randomized, controlled field trial, calves were untreated (controls) or received a single orally administered dose of aspirin (31.2 g) on entry into a feedlot. Serum 3MI concentrations were measured on days 0, 3, and 6. Rumen 3MI concentration was measured on day 3. Cattle were observed daily for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Lungs were evaluated at slaughter for gross pulmonary lesions. RESULTS: Mean daily gain (MDG) in cattle treated with aspirin, compared with control cattle, was 0.06 kg greater in the backgrounding unit and 0.03 kg greater for the overall feeding period. Neither serum nor rumen 3MI concentrations appeared to modify this effect. Cattle treated with aspirin were more likely to be treated for respiratory tract disease. Mortality rate, gross pulmonary lesions, and serum and rumen 3MI concentrations were similar between groups. Increased rumen 3MI concentration was associated with a small difference in risk of lung fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cattle given a single orally administered dose of aspirin on feedlot entry had higher MDG in the backgrounding unit and for the overall feeding period, but this finding could not be attributed to mitigation of effects of 3MI. This may have been influenced by low peak 3MI production and slow rates of gain.  相似文献   

Multiple-step melting in two-dimensional hexatic liquid-crystal films     

CF Chou  AJ Jin  SW Hui  CC Huang  JT Ho 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5368):1424-1426

An unexpected three-stage melting transition has been observed in two-dimensional (2D) free-standing liquid-crystal films by in situ electron-diffraction and optical-reflectivity measurements. These data suggest the existence of two phases between the 2D solid and liquid: a hexatic phase and, at a higher temperature, an intermediate liquid phase with hexatic-like positional correlations ( approximately 40 angstroms) but no long-range orientational order. Previous high-resolution heat-capacity measurements have revealed a divergent-like anomaly at the hexatic-liquid transition that sharply contradicts the predictions of 2D melting theories. The observation of an intermediate isotropic phase may alter our understanding of 2D melting and lead to reconciliation between current experiments and theories.  相似文献   

Clinical effects of the use of a bipolar vessel sealing device for soft palate resection and tonsillectomy in dogs,with histological assessment of resected tonsillar tissue          下载免费PDF全文

DA Cook  PA Moses  JT Mackie 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(12):445-451

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Visions for large landscape drought resilience in rangelands     

Lily Fanok  Bray Beltrán  Morey Burnham  Chloe B. Wardropper 《Herpetological Monographs》2021,43(2):47-56

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