Synthesis of large arrays of well-aligned carbon nanotubes on glass     

ZF Ren  ZP Huang  JW Xu  JH Wang  P Bush  MP Siegal  PN Provencio 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5391):1105-1107

Free-standing aligned carbon nanotubes have previously been grown above 700 degreesC on mesoporous silica embedded with iron nanoparticles. Here, carbon nanotubes aligned over areas up to several square centimeters were grown on nickel-coated glass below 666 degreesC by plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition. Acetylene gas was used as the carbon source and ammonia gas was used as a catalyst and dilution gas. Nanotubes with controllable diameters from 20 to 400 nanometers and lengths from 0. 1 to 50 micrometers were obtained. Using this method, large panels of aligned carbon nanotubes can be made under conditions that are suitable for device fabrication.  相似文献   

A review of potential biodiversity indicators for application in British forests   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Ferris  R; Humphrey  JW 《Forestry》1999,72(4):313-328

  相似文献   

Are tree breeders properly predicting genetic gain? A case study involving <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corymbia</Emphasis> species     

Evandro Vagner Tambarussi  Fernanda Bortolanza Pereira  Paulo Henrique Müller da Silva  David Lee  David Bush 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):150

The estimation of quantitative genetic parameters in breeding programs is important to ensure efficient selection. In this context, knowledge of the mating system is critical, as it underpins assumptions about inter-relatedness on which variance component estimation depends. However, proper account of the breeding system is not always taken, either because it is unknown and/or because it is ignored. That eucalypts have a mixed-mating system is well-established, however many breeders use models that assume outcrossed mating with an infinite number of male parents (i.e. allogamous mating), from which genetic parameter estimates are then used to predict genetic gains. First-generation, open-pollinated progeny tests of Corymbia citriodora subsp. citriodora and C. citriodora subsp. variegata, being managed for seed production, were used to investigate the likely bias, resulting in overestimation of genetic parameters under the assumption of allogamous mating. When we assumed allogamous mating, we observed inflated predictions of additive variance and narrow-sense heritability (\(\hat{h}_{a}^{2}\)) of diameter at breast height and height. The overestimate of \(\hat{h}_{a}^{2}\) was approximately 32% for C. citriodora subsp. citriodora and 21% for C. citriodora subsp. variegata. Inappropriate modelling of relatedness in eucalypts that assumes panmictic outcrossing when in fact these species have a mixed-mating system results in overestimates of the population genetic gain with selection.  相似文献   

Challenges for beef production in smallholder communities with low reproductive management skills: a case study from Northern Lao PDR     

N. Matsumoto  S. Nampanya  S. Khounsy  J. R. Young  K. A. Ashley  R. D. Bush  P. A. Windsor 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(1):87-96

Improved large ruminant productivity is increasingly acknowledged as a pathway for the alleviation of rural poverty and food insecurity in smallholder communities in Southeast Asia; yet, in much of Laos, bovine reproductive management is practically absent. Large ruminant reproduction skills were studied, using face-to-face surveys (n=60) of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of farmers, plus an extension of an examination of parameters of reproductive efficiency (n?=?1786 cattle and 434 buffalo) in the northern provinces of Luang Prabang and Xieng Khouang. The surveys particularly involved female farmers to provide gender-disaggregated data, with females making up 38.3 % of participants. Results confirmed that KAPs of smallholder farmers on bovine reproductive management were low (34–46 %) with trends toward higher KAP scores in male survey respondents. Poor reproductive parameters were identified in both provinces, with low calving percentages of 54–75 and 45–54 % in cattle and buffalo groups, respectively, and prolonged inter-calving intervals of 14.1–19.8 and 26.0 months for the cattle and buffalo groups, respectively. Improving the reproductive efficiency of large ruminants in the northern upland regions would enable smallholder farmers to be more effectively engaged in the dramatic economic growth of the Southeast Asia region, although these findings indicate that intensive training and supportive interventions are required to improve large ruminant reproductive outcomes in communities that have low-level large ruminant husbandry skills.  相似文献   

Histopathological and parasitological study of the gastrointestinal tract of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum     

Aldair JW Pinto  Maria M Figueiredo  Fabiana L Silva  Trycia Martins  Marilene SM Michalick  Washington L Tafuri  Wagner L Tafuri 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):67

Background

The aim of this study was to provide a systematic pathological and parasitological overview of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon, of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania.

Methods

Twenty mongrel dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and obtained from the Control Zoonosis Center of the Municipality of Ribeirão das Neves, Belo Horizonte Metropolitan area, Minas Gerais (MG) state, Brazil, were analyzed. The dogs were divided into two groups: Group 1 comprised nine clinically normal dogs and group 2 comprised 11 clinically affected dogs. After necropsy, one sample was collected from each GIT segment, namely the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. Furthermore, paraffin-embedded samples were used for histological and parasitological (immunohistochemistry) evaluation and a morphometrical study were carried out to determine the parasite load (immunolabeled amastigote forms of Leishmania). The Friedman and the Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The Friedman test was used to analyze each segment of the GIT within each group of dogs and the Mann Whitney test was used to compare the GIT segments between clinically unaffected and affected dogs.

Results

The infected dogs had an increased number of macrophages, plasma cells and lymphocytes, but lesions were generally mild. Parasite distribution in the GIT was evident in all intestinal segments and layers of the intestinal wall (mucosal, muscular and submucosal) irrespective of the clinical status of the dogs. However, the parasite load was statistically higher in the caecum and colon than in other segments of the GIT.

Conclusion

The high parasite burden evident throughout the GIT mucosa with only mild pathological alterations led us to consider whether Leishmania gains an advantage from the intestinal immunoregulatory response (immunological tolerance).  相似文献   

A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma     

Ali Khammanivong  Jhuma Saha  Angela K. Spartz  Brent S. Sorenson  Alexander G. Bush  Derek M. Korpela  Raj Gopalakrishnan  Shirisha Jonnalagadda  Venkatram R. Mereddy  Timothy D. O'Brien  Lester R. Drewes  Erin B. Dickerson 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(3):324-341

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD‐1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD‐1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum‐based chemotherapies. While MD‐1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT‐independent activity. In vivo, MD‐1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD‐1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.  相似文献   

Growth and selenium uptake of range plants propagated in uranium mine soils     

L. R. Hossner  H. J. Woodard  Janis Bush 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2743-2761

High soil selenium (Se) levels have been found in association with uranium deposits in Texas. A concern that high Se concentrations may be found in forages grown on reclaimed mine lands prompted this investigation. A native soil sampled near the mining area, and overburden materials sampled from two Se enriched uranium mine spoil sites were compared in a plant growth study in the greenhouse. Shoot yields and shoot Se concentration in each of ten grasses common to the region were determined from plants harvested three weeks after germination and from shoot regrowth harvested four weeks after the first harvest. Shoot weights were reduced for 5 of the 10 species growing in soils with medium and high Se status. Total shoot weights of Cynodon dactylon and Panicum coloratum from two harvests were consistently highest in all soil materials and are highly recommended for use as a stabilizing cover crop for lands disturbed from uranium mining. Generally, no correlation was observed between shoot weight and plant Se concentration or uptake in the 10 species. However, plant tissue Se concentrations in all species for at least one of the two harvest dates were above the 5 mg kg^‐1 concentration considered potentially harmful to grazing livestock. Therefore, none of these species would be a suitable forage for livestock grazing on reclaimed Se‐enriched uranium mining overburden.  相似文献   

Toxicity potential of absorbed-retained ethylene oxide residues in culture dishes on embryo development in vitro     

M C Schiewe  P M Schmidt  M Bush  D E Wildt 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(6):1610-1618

Four hundred eight-cell mouse embryos were cultured in vitro in either polystyrene (plastic) dishes (Exp. 1) or watch glasses (Exp. 2) to analyze the toxicity potential of absorbed-retained ethylene oxide (EtO). Culture dishes were gas-sterilized with Anprolene equipment and allowed to aerate (21 C) for varying durations. Post-sterilization EtO residues, as determined by weight measurement, were eluted from polystyrene dishes at an exponential rate. After 1 wk of aeration, .625 mg EtO was retained/g of polystyrene product. To determine the effect of EtO residue on in vitro culture, embryos were collected from superovulated donor mice (C57BL/6N), pooled in a modified Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBI) medium and then randomly allotted to dishes subjected to various aeration durations. Embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium +3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) under a humidified 5% CO2 in air atmosphere at 37 C. Gross assessments of embryo development were made using standard morphology and quality grading systems and a fluorescein diacetate staining assay. In Exp. 1, embryo development was retarded at the 8- to 16-cell stage when less than or equal to 12 h aeration of polystyrene dishes was permitted. Aeration for 24 and 36 h resulted in suboptimal embryo development with fewer (P less than .01) blastocysts and greater degeneration rates at 48 h of in vitro culture compared with the control (manufacturer-packaged dishes, no EtO) and 1-wk aeration treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in captive reindeer and sable antelope     

D K Nichols  R J Montali  L G Phillips  T P Alvarado  M Bush  L Collins 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(6):619-621

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis caused neurologic disease in 6 reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and 2 sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) that were housed at the National Zoological Park Conservation and Research Center in Front Royal, Va. Progressive hindlimb ataxia and weakness were seen in all affected animals. The parasite was recovered from the subdural space of one reindeer and was seen histologically within the neuropil of another reindeer and a sable antelope. In the other reindeer and sable antelope, diagnoses of parelaphostrongylosis were based on clinicoepidemiologic findings and microscopic lesions. Because parelaphostrongylosis is a density-dependent disease and because the number of white-tailed deer probably will increase, the incidence of P tenuis infections in domestic and nondomestic animals probably will increase as well. Zoos and wildlife parks especially should be cautious when introducing exotic hoofstock to areas with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis-infected white-tailed deer.  相似文献   

Immunologic comparison of the proteins of pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus and bovine herpesvirus-1   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C E Bush  R F Pritchett 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(8):1708-1712

The immunologic relationship between bovine herpesvirus-1 and pseudorabies virus was examined by 80% serum cross-neutralization test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western immunoblotting procedures. Immunogenic cross reactivity between the 2 viruses was observed with both the serum-neutralization test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A probing of viral Western immunoblots with rabbit hyperimmune antiserum showed that there were a number of viral-specific cross-reactive proteins between bovine herpesvirus-1 and pseudorabies virus.  相似文献