Polyaniline-Modified Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor for Detection of Formic Acid Gas     

Ying Yan  Dandan Lu  Hao Zhou  Haiping Hou  Ting Zhang  Laiming Wu  Lankun Cai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(3):1275-1280

A polyaniline-modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was obtained through immobilizing the polyaniline film on the silver electrode surface of quartz crystal resonator by an electrochemical method. The sensor was studied for detecting the formic acid gas of different concentrations, and the results showed that the resonant frequency of QCM decreased quickly in the beginning and tended to be constant in the end when exposed to formic acid gas. The frequency shifts decreased faster as the concentration of formic acid gas increased. And the frequency shifts of the QCM sensors were found to be linearly related to the concentration of formic acid gas, which might be used to estimate the concentration level of the formic acid gas within the range of experimental concentrations. The result of on-line monitoring test fully indicated that the QCM sensor responded effectively to the increasing concentration of formic acid and had important practical significance and broad application prospect in real-time detection of antique conservation environment in the museum.  相似文献   

Effects of long-term compost and fertilizer application on stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in an intensively cultivated sandy loam soil     

Hongyan?Yu  Weixin?DingEmail author  Jiafa?Luo  Ruilin?Geng  Anwar?Ghani  Zucong?Cai 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(3):325-336

The study examined the influence of compost and mineral fertilizer application on the content and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil samples collected from a long-term field experiment were separated into macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt + clay fractions by wet-sieving. The experiment involved seven treatments: compost, half-compost N plus half-fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and control. The 18-year application of compost increased SOC by 70.7–121.7%, and mineral fertilizer increased by 5.4–25.5%, with no significant difference between control soil and initial soil. The C mineralization rate (rate per unit dry mass) in microaggregates was 1.52–2.87 mg C kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, significantly lower than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions (P < 0.05). Specific C mineralization rate (rate per unit SOC) in silt + clay fraction amounted to 0.48–0.87 mg C g⁻¹ SOC day⁻¹ and was higher than in macroaggregates and microaggregates. Our data indicate that SOC in microaggregates is more stable than in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions. Compost and mineral fertilizer application increased C mineralization rate in all aggregates compared with control. However, compost application significantly decreased specific C mineralization rate in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions by 2.6–28.2% and 21.9–25.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). By contrast, fertilizer NPK application did not affect specific C mineralization rate in microaggregates but significantly increased that in silt + clay fractions. Carbon sequestration in compost-amended soil was therefore due to improving SOC stability in microaggregate and silt + clay fractions. In contrast, fertilizer NPK application enhanced SOC with low stability in macroaggregate and silt + clay fractions.  相似文献   

干湿效应下崩岗区岩土抗剪强度衰减非线性分析   总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12  

张晓明  丁树文  蔡崇法 《农业工程学报》2012,28(5):241-245

发育于花岗岩的崩岗侵蚀区红土受干湿变化影响显著。通过室内直剪试验,研究了不同干湿效应对崩岗侵蚀区岩土抗剪强度衰减的影响。试验处理采用5种干湿效应水平(风干48h、风干24h、自然含水率、浸30s和浸60s)。结果显示:土壤黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ随干湿变化呈非线性衰减趋势,当土壤含水率13%左右时,对应的抗剪强度指标出现峰值;峰值强度前符合线性递增规律,峰值强度后符合一阶指数衰减规律。在风干阶段,抗剪强度主要受裂隙性影响,而在增湿阶段,基质吸力是影响抗剪强度的主要因素;探讨了干湿循环效应对崩岗侵蚀发育的影响。  相似文献   

盐渍土时空变化信息的图谱可视化分析   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张荣群  宋乃平  王秀妮  蔡思敏 《农业工程学报》2012,28(9):230-235

针对盐渍土动态变化监测中,无法实现变化信息的定位可视化表达问题,该文应用地学信息图谱的分析理念,提出了表达盐渍土类型变化的时空复合单元,探讨了盐渍土时空变化信息的图谱可视化表达方法。以盐渍化比较严重的银川平原为研究区,利用2000、2004和2009年3a的卫星遥感图像,进行了土壤盐渍化遥感制图,在GIS技术支持下,获取了2000-2004年、2004-2009年2个时段的盐渍土时空变化信息图谱,实现了盐渍土时空变化信息的可视化表达。为定位分析盐渍土演化的驱动机制提供了一种新的方法。  相似文献   

胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球对苹果渣多酚的吸附条件优化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁亚宏  蔡露阳  岳田利  高振鹏  赵旭博 《农业工程学报》2012,28(11):279-286

为分离苹果渣中的多酚物质,研究壳聚糖磁性材料对多酚物质提取的影响。采用化学共沉淀法制得Fe3O4磁核,反相悬浮交联法制得磁性壳聚糖微球,并进行胺基化改性;利用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪对微球进行表征。采用单因素试验和响应曲面法对磁性微球吸附分离苹果渣多酚的吸附条件进行了工艺优化。结果表明:胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球吸附苹果渣多酚工艺参数对多酚吸附率有显著影响,因素影响主次顺序为微球用量>摇床转速>吸附温度;胺基化磁性壳聚糖微球吸附苹果渣多酚的工艺参数为:微球用量0.25g/mL,吸附温度45℃,摇床转速127r/min,吸附率可达81.58%。壳聚糖与Fe3O4磁性物质相结合,对多酚物质具有良好的吸附性能,可以对多酚物质进行快速分离,解析后多酚得率可达78.73%。研究结果为磁性材料吸附分离多酚类物质提供了理论参考。  相似文献   

利用地下水模型模拟分析灌区适宜井渠灌水比例   总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1  

代锋刚  蔡焕杰  刘晓明  刘璇  梁宏伟 《农业工程学报》2012,28(15):45-51

为了获取泾惠渠灌区适宜井渠灌水比例,科学合理地确定农业节水方案,该文综合应用ArcGIS和PMWIN地下水模拟软件建立了灌区的地下水分布模拟模型,根据灌区历年农业用水实际情况设定了10种灌溉情景模拟灌区地下水位的变化趋势,通过地下水模型分析研究了灌区井渠灌水比例。利用VB程序语言改写EVT蒸发蒸腾子程序包,使其能模拟非线性蒸发,潜水蒸发量计算精度得到较大改进。研究表明:1)渠首有效灌溉引水量在3.7～4.1亿m3,井渠灌水比例控制在0.35～0.55,基本可以保持灌区地下水采补平衡;2)渠首有效灌溉引水量在1.5～2.0亿m3,井渠灌水比例控制在0.5～0.7,也能实现灌区地下水采补平衡;3)目前井渠灌水比例在0.9～1.2,已引起灌区地下水超采。建议井渠灌水比例控制在0.5～0.7,加大农业节水力度、增加水价财政补贴、进行地下水人工调蓄,实现灌区水资源高效持续利用。  相似文献   

面向机器人采摘的荔枝果梗力学特性   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

陈燕  蔡伟亮  向和平  邹湘军  谈建豪  林桂潮 《农业工程学报》2012,28(21):53-58

为了给荔枝采摘机器人夹持与切割器的设计和控制提供依据,对荔枝果梗分别进行了切割性能和夹持性能的影响因素试验以及弯曲试验。试验结果表明:峰值切割力和切割强度随着切割速度增加而减小,随着切割角度的减少而减少,凹刃和凸刃的峰值切割力和切割强度都比平刃小;除果梗直径因素外对峰值切割力和切割强度影响显著的因素均依次为切割角度、刃口形式和切割速度;切割角度每减少1,峰值切割力和切割强度分别减少4.45N和0.16MPa;相比平刃的峰值切割力和切割强度,凸刃分别减少166.90N和2.11MPa,而凹刃分别减少167.39N和4.21MPa。随着夹持力增加,荔枝果梗与夹持物间摩擦力增加,夹持物为橡胶时,摩擦力最大,夹持力对摩擦力的影响大于夹持材料;试验范围内,最大摩擦力为44.54N。荔枝果梗具有较强的抵抗变形的能力,平均弹性模量为867.15MPa;试验范围内,最大弯曲力的平均值为118.95N,抗弯强度的平均值为56.03MPa。该研究为荔枝采摘机器人的夹持与切割机构的优化设计和控制提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

基于漫反射光谱的叶面药液浓度检测方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

殷磊  邱白晶  邓斌  蔡铖铖 《农业工程学报》2012,28(23):154-159

应用漫反射反射光谱对叶面药液质量浓度进行了检测研究。选择350～1900nm波段,以标准偏差归一化、三点滑动平均滤波、一阶导数组合预处理,应用逐步回归分析、主成分、主成分+人工神经网络、偏最小二乘、偏最小二乘+人工神经网络回归分析建立了5种数学模型。试验结果表明这5种算法的预测均方根误差分别为0.067、0.061、0.059、0.039、0.056,偏最小二乘法建模效果优于其他模型。考虑到不同作物种类对叶面药液浓度影响,选用八角金盘、油菜、青菜3种作物叶片为对象,在偏最小二乘下建模,其预测集相关系数分别为0.994、0.974、0.929,预测均分根误差分别为0.039、0.050、0.075。表明不同种类作物对叶面药液浓度检测影响较小,漫反射光谱技术检测叶面药液浓度是可行的。  相似文献   

抗速灭威单链抗体基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达及性质研究     

蔡凤  李铁军  解彦刚  李德全 《广西农业生物科学》2012,(5):415-421

选用巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）系统表达特异性抗速灭威单链抗体（scFv）基因,以为速灭威特异性抗体的大量制备奠定基础。设计引物扩增阳性克隆scFv基因,亚克隆至表达载体pPICZαC,获得重组酵母表达质粒pPICZαC-scFv,线性化pPICZαC-scFv并高效电转P.pastoris（X-33）,对转化子进行抗性梯度筛选得到一株高效表达的X-33-Pp-SMW-12-6菌株。对获得的菌株先后进行表达条件的优化、优化条件下的诱导表达及单链抗体性质研究。结果表明：P.pastoris-scFv的质量接近其亲本E.coli-scFv的质量,X-33-Pp-SMW12-6在优化条件下的表达产量达28mg/L,比未优化前的产量提高了约8mg/L,经纯化后抗体纯度可达85%以上。因此,利用P.pastoris表达系统制备抗速灭威单链抗体比细菌表达系统更有效、更经济。  相似文献   

Soil carbon dioxide emission from intensively cultivated black soil in Northeast China: nitrogen fertilization effect   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kang Ni  Weixin Ding  Zucong Cai  Yufeng Wang  Xilin Zhang  Baoku Zhou 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2012,12(7):1007-1018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to understand the effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and to identify the key factor affecting soil respiration in a cultivated black soil.

Materials and methods

A field experiment was conducted at the Harbin State Key Agroecological Experimental Station, China. The study consisted of four treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (U0), unplanted soil treated with 225?kg?N?ha^?1 (UN), maize planted and N-unfertilized soil (P0), and planted soil fertilized with 225?kg?N?ha^?1 (PN). Soil CO₂ and N₂O fluxes were measured using the static closed chamber method.

Results and discussion

Cumulative CO₂ emissions during the maize growing season with the U0, UN, P0, and PN treatments were 1.29, 1.04, 2.30 and 2.27?Mg?C?ha^?1, respectively, indicating that N fertilization significantly reduced the decomposition of native SOC. However, no marked effect on soil respiration in planted soil was observed because the increase of rhizosphere respiration caused by N addition was counteracted by the reduction of native SOC decomposition. Soil CO₂ fluxes were significantly affected by soil temperature but not by soil moisture. The temperature sensitivity (Q ₁₀) of soil respiration was 2.16?C2.47 for unplanted soil but increased to 3.16?C3.44 in planted soil. N addition reduced the Q ₁₀ of native SOC decomposition possibly due to low labile organic C but increased the Q ₁₀ of soil respiration due to the stimulation of maize growth. The estimated annual CO₂ emission in N-fertilized soil was 1.28?Mg?C?ha^?1 and was replenished by the residual stubble, roots, and exudates. In contrast, the lost C (1.53?Mg?C?ha^?1) in N-unfertilized soil was not completely supplemented by maize residues, resulting in a reduction of SOC. Although N fertilization significantly increased N₂O emissions, the global warming potential of N₂O and CO₂ emissions in N-fertilized soil was significantly lower than in N-unfertilized soil.

Conclusions

The stimulatory or inhibitory effect of N fertilization on soil respiration and basal respiration may depend on labile organic C concentration in soil. The inhibitory effect of N fertilization on native SOC decomposition was mainly associated with low labile organic C in tested black soil. N application could reduce the global warming potential of CO₂ and N₂O emissions in black soil.  相似文献