Infrared Thermal Imaging as a Rapid Tool for Identifying Water‐Stress Tolerant Maize Genotypes of Different Phenology     

S. Zia  G. Romano  W. Spreer  C. Sanchez  J. Cairns  J. L. Araus  J. Müller 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2013,199(2):75-84

The main task of this research was to evaluate canopy temperature and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) by assessing genotype variability of maize performance for different water regimes. To that end, three hundred tropical and subtropical maize hybrids with different phenology in terms of date of anthesis were evaluated. The influence of phenology on the change in canopy temperatures and CWSI was not equal during the three dates of measurement. At the end of vegetative growth (82 days after sowing, DAS) and at the blister stage (DAS 97), a high significant difference in temperatures and CWSI (P < 0.001) were obtained between the early‐ and late‐maturity genotypes. During anthesis (DAS 89), phenology had a significant effect (P < 0.01) only for the well‐watered genotypes, while under water‐stress conditions, no differences were found between early and late genotypes in terms of canopy temperature and CWSI. High significant differences (P < 0.001) in stomatal conductance (g_s) between early and late genotypes for different treatments were observed. A relationship (R² = 0.62) between g_s and canopy temperature was obtained. Under a water‐stress canopy, temperature was measured at anthesis, which was negatively correlated with grain yield of the early (r = ?0.55)‐ and late (r = ?0.46)‐maturity genotypes in the water‐stressed condition.  相似文献   

THE MATHEMATICAL ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA     

Cairns WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1922,55(1431):599-600

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Effects of increasing acidity on aquatic protozoan communities     

B. R. Niederlehner  John Cairns Jr. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1990,52(1-2):183-196

Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the chronic effects of increased acidity on protozoan communities. Taxonomic richness of the protozoan component of these communities was severely affected at pH ≤ 5.33. Taxonomic composition was significantly affected at much higher pH. A permissible concentration was defined as the pH affecting no more than 20% of the species and estimated from concentration-response regression as 6.92 (5.92 to 8.04) pH units. A similar value estimated from more conventional chronic toxicity tests was 6.28 (6.16 to 6.45) pH units. Bacterial abundance decreased at pH levels ≤ 5.34 pH units. Other nontaxonomic responses (e.g., biomass, algal biomass, fungal biomass, net oxygen metabolism) were not sensitive to increases in acidity.  相似文献   

Endosulfan persistence in soil and uptake by potato tubers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D K Stewart  K G Cairns 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(6):984-986

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Behavior development in the dog: an interspecific analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R B Cairns  J Werboff 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(804):1070-1072

Young dogs were maintained in isolation from other dogs and under varying degrees of exposure to an alien species (mature rabbits). Parametric observations indicate that an interspecific social attachment develops during the initial hours of co-habitation. The later social interaction patterns of the dogs were influenced, but not irrevocably fixed, by the early cross-specific rearing experience.  相似文献   

Cold spring harbor     

Cairns J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4989):13

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Long-term satellite record reveals likely recent aerosol trend     

Mishchenko MI  Geogdzhayev IV  Rossow WB  Cairns B  Carlson BE  Lacis AA  Liu L  Travis LD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5818):1543

Analysis of the long-term Global Aerosol Climatology Project data set reveals a likely decrease of the global optical thickness of tropospheric aerosols by as much as 0.03 during the period from 1991 to 2005. This recent trend mirrors the concurrent global increase in solar radiation fluxes at Earth's surface and may have contributed to recent changes in surface climate.  相似文献   

Levels and incidences of pesticide residues in various foods and animal feeds analyzed by the Luke multiresidue methodology for fiscal years 1982-1986     

M A Luke  H T Masumoto  T Cairns  H K Hundley 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1988,71(2):415-433

During a 5 year period from 1982 to 1986, the FDA Los Angeles District Laboratory analyzed 19,851 samples of domestic and imported food and feed commodities for pesticide residues. A single, rapid, multiresidue method was used. The resultant data have been compiled showing the commodities sampled and the identity and range of levels of pesticide residues detected, including an indication of those residue findings that did not comply with U.S. federal tolerance levels. The residue data presented should not be viewed as being representative of the U.S. food supply; rather, the results are indicative of a surveillance- and compliance-oriented sampling of various food shipments collected by the Los Angeles District.  相似文献   

Increased tolerance to annual ryegrass toxicity in sheep given a supplement of cobalt     

SC DAVIES  CL WHITE†  IH WILLIAMS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(6):221-224

SUMMARY To determine whether oral cobalt supplements could modify the clinical onset of annual ryegrass toxicity, groups (n = 5) of sheep were dosed orally with 0, 4 or 16 mg cobalt/day. After 3 weeks on this treatment, toxic ryegrass seed was added to their feed to provide 0, 0.15 and 0.30 mg corynetoxins/kg body weight, daily. Sheep receiving cobalt ingested 30% more toxin than did unsupplemented sheep before clinical signs developed (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference between groups receiving 4 and 16 mg cobalt. The results showed that cobalt delayed, but did not prevent, the onset of clinical signs of annual ryegrass toxicity.  相似文献   

Pesticide confirmation by triple stage quadrupole mass spectrometry: etrimfos and dimethoate     

T Cairns  E G Siegmund 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1987,70(5):858-862

The production of a protonated molecular ion, MH+, for a pesticide under investigation is often preferred for primary identification purposes. However, the lack of fragment ions under such chemical ionization conditions can place the burden of proof on a single ion species for confirmation. Although a single ion representing the molecule at the correct retention time on a packed column or high-resolution capillary column might seem to have furnished sufficient evidence for unambiguous confirmation, in a number of cases additional specificity can improve the analytical result. With the introduction into commerce of triple stage quadrupole (TSQ) instruments, the possibility of improving the degree of specificity by chemical ionization has emerged for practical pesticide residue confirmation analysis. Use of collision-activated dissociation (CAD) experiments to form daughter ions from the protonated molecular ion of 2 representative organophosphorus pesticides has provided a second dimensional plane of characterization for confirmatory purposes at incurred residue levels.  相似文献