A novel P106L mutation in EPSPS and an unknown mechanism(s) act additively to confer resistance to glyphosate in a South African Lolium rigidum population     

Kaundun SS  Dale RP  Zelaya IA  Dinelli G  Marotti I  McIndoe E  Cairns A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):3227-3233

Glyphosate resistance evolution in weeds is a growing problem in world agriculture. Here, we have investigated the mechanism(s) of glyphosate resistance in a Lolium rigidum population (DAG1) from South Africa. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the existence of at least three EPSPS homologues in the L. rigidum genome and identified a novel proline 106 to leucine substitution (P106L) in 52% DAG1 individuals. This mutation conferred a 1.7-fold resistance increase to glyphosate at the whole plant level. Additionally, a 3.1-fold resistance increase, not linked to metabolism or translocation, was estimated between wild-type P106-DAG1 and P106-STDS sensitive plants. Point accepted mutation analysis suggested that other amino acid substitutions at EPSPS position 106 are likely to be found in nature besides the P106/S/A/T/L point mutations reported to date. This study highlights the importance of minor mechanisms acting additively to confer significant levels of resistance to commercial field rates of glyphosate in weed populations subjected to high selection pressure.  相似文献   

Direct Radiometric Observations of the Water Vapor Greenhouse Effect Over the Equatorial Pacific Ocean     

FPJ Valero  WD Collins  P Pilewskie  A Bucholtz  PJ Flatau 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5307):1773-1776

Airborne radiometric measurements were used to determine tropospheric profiles of the clear sky greenhouse effect. At sea surface temperatures (SSTs) larger than 300 kelvin, the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect was found to increase with SST at a rate of 13 to 15 watts per square meter per kelvin. Satellite measurements of infrared radiances and SSTs indicate that almost 52 percent of the tropical oceans between 20°N and 20°S are affected during all seasons. Current general circulation models suggest that the increase in the clear sky water vapor greenhouse effect with SST may have climatic effects on a planetary scale.  相似文献   

Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype infection associated with anaemia,abortion and death in beef cattle in Western Australia     

D Forshaw  SM Alex  DG Palmer  J Cotter  WD Roberts  C Jenkins  S Hair 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(7):290-297

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Fluctuations in microbial biomass indices at different sampling times in soils from tussock grasslands     

D.J. Ross  K.R. Tate  Annette Cairns  Karen F. Meyrick 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1981,13(2):109-114

Microbial biomass in four topsoils from New Zealand tussock grasslands was estimated by three biochemical procedures at five sampling times over a 15 month period. In Conroy, Cluden and Tima soils, biomass C content was high in two sets of March (summer-autumn) samples and low in October (early spring) samples; in Carrick soil from a wetter, cooler environment, it was similar at all sampling times. Significant time-of-sampling variations occurred with Min-N flush in Tima and Carrick soils, and with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content in three of the soils. Generally, the ratios of these biomass indices also varied significantly at some sampling times. Because of this variability, common factors could not validly be used with these soils for estimating biomass C contents from Min-flush or ATP values.The contribution of bacteria and fungi to the respiratory activity of the microbial biomass was unsuccessfully investigated using streptomycin and actidione as differential inhibitors of anabolic metabolism in the presence of added glucose. In three of the soils, rates of O₂ uptake did not generally increase significantly during incubation, even with added N, P, K and S or prior incubation overnight. In Conroy soil, rates did increase significantly, but the effects of the antibiotics separately and together could not be satisfactorily balanced.  相似文献   

SEISMOLOGY FROM A MATHEMATICAL VIEW-POINT     

Cairns WD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,89(2302):113-118

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Real Sustainability     

Cairns  John  Saier  Milton 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,205(1):67-68

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution -  相似文献   

Physicochemical Studies on Resistant StarchIn VitroandIn Vivo     

P. Cairns  V.J. Morris  R.L. Botham  S.G. Ring 《Journal of Cereal Science》1996,23(3):265-275

Resistant starch (RS), producedin vitroby hydrolysis of retrograded pea starch gels and amylose gels by porcine pancreaticalpha-amylase, was characterised by X-ray diffraction, size exclusion chromatography and methylation analysis. These techniques showed that RSin vitroconsisted of semi-crystalline, mostly linear material that was present in two main molecular size subfractions (DP_n>100 andDP_n20–30) with a third, minor subfraction (DP_n≤5). The extent of retrogradation of amylose was found to be of primary importance in determining the RS content of starch. Analysis ofin vivoRS, recovered during an ileostomy study, produced results that were similar to those obtained from RSin vitro. Anin vitromodel for the structure of resistant starch is proposed.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor          下载免费PDF全文

George Cairns 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1956,20(11):405

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Tranquillizers and Race Horses          下载免费PDF全文

Georges Cairns 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1960,1(11):514

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A NEW SPRING OAT VARIETY RESISTANT TO STEM AND BULB EELWORM     

N. French  R. S. Cairns 《Plant pathology》1960,9(4):129-129

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