Ruminal and plasma concentrations of 3-methylindole associated with tryptophan-induced pulmonary edema and emphysema in cattle.     

M T Yokoyama  J R Carlson  E O Dickinson 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(9):1349-1352

Five Hereford cows were given an intraruminal dose of L-tryptophan (0.35 g/kg of body weight), and 2 cows were used as controls. Of the 5 treated cows, 3 developed clinical signs of interstitial pul monary edema, and emphysema and severe pulmonary lesions were seen at necropsy after 96 hours. Another cow developed moderate clinical signs and pulmonary lesions, and the remaining cow had few clinical signs and mild pulmonary lesions. The severity of clinical signs in each cow was related to the severity of pulmonary lesions at necropsy. The 3-methylindole (3MI) was present in ruminal fluid and plasma within 6 hours after administration of tryptophan, and the concentrations increased to 3.0 and 9.0 mug/ml within 12 to 24 hours. Severity of pulmonary lesions was related to maximal concentration and duration of 3MI in the plasma. At necropsy, gross lesions were characterized by diffuse, pulmonary edema and interstital emphysema; and the lungs were dark red, firm, and heavier than normal. Predominant microscopic changes included accumulation of proteinaceous residue, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of alveolar lining epithelium, thickening of alveolar septums, and emphysematous thickening of interstitial tissues. These changes were similar to previously reported 3MI-induced pulmonary lesions. The presence of 3MI in ruminal fluid and plasma after administration of tryptophan and the relationship between concentration of 3MI and severity of clinical signs indicate that 3MI is the principal metabolite of ruminal fermentation which leads to the development of acute pulmonary edema and emphysema in cattle given tryptophan.  相似文献   

Pathology of velogenic Newcastle Disease virus infection in turkeys.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F A Al-Sheikhly  H C Carlson 《Avian diseases》1975,19(3):397-407

Twenty-four 4-week-old poults, free from Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. gallisepticum, were inoculated with a velogenic viscerotropic strain of Newcastle disease virus. Clinical signs (gasping, coughing, and dyspnea) developed 4-5 days postinoculation, continued until nervous derangement appeared, and then (usually 3 days after initial clinical signs appeared) declined in severity. Prominent nervous signs were paresis and paralysis of the extremities, with pronounced head-shaking. The most constant gross lesions detected involved the airsacs. The abdominal sacs of a few poults contained a large accumulation of yellowish, cheesy exudate and there was cloudiness of the thoracic airsacs of all inoculated poults. A few turkeys had tracheitis with some catarrhal exudates and casts in the lower part of the tracheal lumen. Congestion of lepto-meningeal vessels usually correlated with the severity of the nervous signs. The histologic lesions were characterized by both degenerative and proliferative changes with predominantly mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltrations throughout the body. The obvious lesion seen in the recovery stage of the disease was proliferation of lymphofollicular nodules in the parenchymatous organs.  相似文献   

A comparison of incubation time and temperature for the isolation of salmonella   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

V L Carlson  G H Snoeyenbos  B A McKie  C F Smyser 《Avian diseases》1967,11(2):217-225

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification and quantification of isazophos in a famphur pour-on and in bovine tissues after a toxic exposure.     

W E Braselton  J L Johnson  M P Carlson  N R Schneider 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2000,12(1):15-20

A sample identified as "Warbex pour-on," expected to contain 13.2% famphur, and bovine tissue samples from 2 heifers that died after exhibiting signs of organophosphate intoxication were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A product formulation problem was suspected because brain cholinesterase activities were depressed in both animals. Electron impact (EI) GC/MS of the pour-on revealed 9.7% famphur and an unidentified peak with approximately 76% of the peak area of the famphur. The unidentified peak showed a molecular ion at m/z 313, with a single Cl isotope cluster. Methane chemical ionization (MeCI) MS confirmed the molecular weight at 313 (1 Cl). A search on the molecular formula C9H17N3O3PSCl yielded a single match, isazophos. EI and MeCI GC/MS of reference isazophos confirmed the identity of the suspect peak. The concentration of isazophos in the pour-on was determined to be 6.0%. Famphur and isazophos were identified by their EI spectra and GC retention times in extracts of liver and brain from the 2 deceased animals. A GC/MS procedure utilizing selected ion monitoring (SIM) was developed for quantification of isazophos in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat of additional affected animals sacrificed at various times after exposure. Isazophos remained in animal tissues for as long as 94 days after topical exposure. Isazophos was present in fetal liver 70 days after exposure of the dam. High levels (6-3,500 ppm) of isazophos and famphur remained on the skin at 39 days postexposure.  相似文献   

Letter to the Editor     

Mara Hickey  Karl Jandrey  Daphne Carlson‐Bremer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1379-Oct;28(5):1379

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A RAPID METHOD FOR REMOVING COVER GLASSES OF MICROSCOPE SLIDES     

Carlson JG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1935,81(2102):365-366

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Origin of chlorinated dioxins     

Carlson RE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,213(4512):1060-1060

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Chlorine oxide in the stratospheric ozone layer: ground-based detection and measurement     

Parrish A  DE Zafra RL  Solomon PM  Barrett JW  Carlson ER 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,211(4487):1158-1161

Stratospheric chlorine oxide, a significant intermediate product in the catalytic destruction of ozone by atomic chlorine, has been detected and measured by a ground-based 204-gigahertz, millimeter-wave receiver. Data taken at latitude 42 degrees N on 17 days between 10 January and 18 February 1980 yield an average chlorine oxide column density of approximately 1.05 x 10(14) per square centimeter or approximately 2/3 that of the average of eight in situ balloon flight measurements (excluding the anomalously high data of 14 July 1977) made over the past 4 years at 32 degrees N. We find less chlorine oxide below 35 kilometers and a larger vertical gradient than predicted by theoretical models of the stratospheric ozone layer.  相似文献   

Images of Io's Sodium Cloud     

Matson DL  Goldberg BA  Johnson TV  Carlson RW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1978,199(4328):531-533

The first direct images of Io's sodium cloud are reported and analyzed. The observed cloud extends for more than 10(5) kilometers along Io's orbit and is a somewhat "banana-shaped" partial toroid. More sodium atoms precede Io than follow it. A model based on the escape of sodium from a specific localized area on Io provides a reasonable fit to the observed intensity distribution whereas isotropic escape does not.  相似文献   

Hydrogen peroxide on the surface of Europa     

Carlson RW  Anderson MS  Johnson RE  Smythe WD  Hendrix AR  Barth CA  Soderblom LA  Hansen GB  McCord TB  Dalton JB  Clark RN  Shirley JH  Ocampo AC  Matson DL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5410):2062-2064

Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis.  相似文献