Organic manure phosphorus accumulation, mobility and management   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K. A. Smith  A. G. Chalmers  B. J. Chambers  P. Christie 《Soil Use and Management》1998,14(S4):154-159

Abstract. Organic manures are an important source of P which can make a significant economic contribution to farm fertilizer policies. In the region of 119000 tonnes of P are returned annually to UK agricultural land in the form of manures collected and handled on farms, with an estimated 66000 tonnes of P applied to tillage land and 53000 tonnes to grassland.
Previous research on the utilization of manure P has tended to indicate a lower efficiency compared to inorganic fertilizer P in the season following application, but in the longer term manure and fertilizer P can be regarded as equivalent. Failure to adequately account for manure P additions to the land may result in soil enrichment which could increase the agricultural contribution to eutrophication, as a result of surface runoff or leaching.
Recent research has indicated that the current guidelines for minimizing runoff losses following the land spreading of manures are generally soundly based. However, there is a need for further research where manures are applied to cracking clay soils with underdrainage, and where rainfall soon after slurry application can increase surface runoff.
The careful cycling of manures within a properly devised fertilizer plan should minimize the risk of unnecessary soil P enrichment and subsequent leaching losses by restricting topsoil extractable P levels to less than 70 mg I^-1.  相似文献   

Isolation of pancreas disease virus from farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway     

K. E. Christie  K. Fyrand  L. Holtet  H. M. Rowley 《Journal of fish diseases》1998,21(5):391-394

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Clinico-pathologic conference     

W J Donawick  B A Christie 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1971,158(4):501-510

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Isolation and pathogenicity of Australian strains of Eimeria praecox and Eimeria mitis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WK JORGENSEN  NP STEWART  PJ JESTON  JB MOLLOY  GW BLIGHT  RJ DALGLIESH 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):592-595

Objective To determine the presence of E praecox and E mitis in Australia, to isolate representative strains of these species from chickens and determine their pathogenicity.
Design Morphological, physiological and cross protection studies were undertaken to confirm the identity of Australian isolates of E praecox and E mitis.
Procedure Oocysts were isolated from a backyard flock at Jimboomba, southeastern Queensland and numbers of E praecox and E mitis enriched by passage in chickens immune to five other species of poultry Eimeria . Oocysts of mean conformation and size of the two species were purified by single oocyst passage. Two isolates that closely matched recorded parameters for E praecox and E mitis were selected and designated JP and JM respectively. The cross protection between the isolates and E acervulina was determined by infection and challenge experiments. The virulence of the two isolates was determined by comparing weight gains of groups of birds inoculated with JP isolate or JM isolate with untreated groups.
Results Isolates JP and JM most closely matched recorded parameters of E praecox and E mitis respectively. Groups of chickens, previously infected with JP and JM isolates, showed no significant protection against infection with E acervulina . In a separate trial, groups of susceptible chickens inoculated with 10⁵ oocysts of JP and JM isolates showed significantly reduced weight gains compared with untreated controls.
Conclusion Isolates JP and JM are E praecox and E mitis respectively, confirming the presence of these species in Australia. These isolates were found capable of causing significant reductions in weight gains in susceptible chickens.  相似文献   

Ovulation rate and egg recovery in cattle treated repeatedly with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and prostaglandin.     

W B Christie  R Newcomb  L E Rowson 《The Veterinary record》1979,104(13):281-283

Fourteen heifers were superovulated five to 10 times using pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and prostaglandin in a standardised regime which resulted in a mean interval of 42.1 days (SEM +/- 0.97) between treatments. There was a significant (P less than 0.02) fall in the mean ovulation rate at the second treatment when compared with the first but no significant difference between mean ovulation rate at the second and subsequent treatments. No significant difference between treatments in mean egg recovery rate or in the percentage of normal eggs recovered was demonstrated. Four heifers treated 10 times continued to respond with multiple ovulations on most occasions. At the end of the experiment 13 of the 14 heifers were inseminated and 12 conceived, requiring a mean of 1.67 services per pregnancy.  相似文献   

Comments on paper by A. D. Anderson, ‘Supersonic jet aircraft and stratospheric pollution’     

A. D. Christie 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1974,3(3):387-390

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Demographics, management, and welfare of nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island          下载免费PDF全文

Christie JL  Hewson CJ  Riley CB  Mcniven MA  Dohoo IR  Bate LA 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2004,45(12):1004-1011

There are no detailed, representative, horse-level data about equine management practices in different parts of Canada. To help address this, the demographics, management, and welfare of 312 nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island were examined in a randomized, horse-level survey during summer 2002. Owners completed a pretested questionnaire, and a veterinarian examined each horse. Owners were experienced caregivers and the horses were generally in good condition. Areas for improvement included parasite control, dental and hoof care, and tail docking. The mean fecal egg count was 428 eggs per gram; 76% of owners never removed manure from the pasture. Sixty-two percent of horses had never had a veterinary dental examination. Many horses had hoof defects (excessively long hooves, 26.8%; hoof wall breaks, 32.0%; and white line disease, 8.5%). Many (54.9%) draft horses had docked tails. These results suggest owners might benefit their horses by receiving education in aspects of equine care.  相似文献   

Malignant glioma of the spinal cord in a dog     

Boyd R. Jones    A. K. W. Wood  B. A. Christie 《The Journal of small animal practice》1974,15(12):763-767

The history, clinical signs, diagnosis and post-mortem findings of a malignant glioma of the spinal cord of a 5-year-old female Borzoi are reported. A discrepancy between the localization of the cord lesion by neurological examination and myelography is described. A myelogram showed a filling defect of the subarachnoid space caudal to the cord lesion. As the site for surgical exploration was based on the myelographic findings the cord tumour was not exposed during surgery. Autopsy confirmed a malignant glioma in the area of the cord suggested by neurological examination.  相似文献   

Effects of caffeine on exercise performance of physically fit Thoroughbreds     

Savage KA  Colahan PT  Tebbett IR  Rice BL  Freshwater LL  Jackson CA 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(4):569-573

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a dose of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) administered to physically fit Thoroughbreds during incremental exercise testing to fatigue on a treadmill. ANIMALS: 10 conditioned Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned to receive caffeine or a control solution. Each horse received both treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week interval between treatments. Each horse was administered caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) or an equivalent amount of a control solution IV. One hour after injection, each horse performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Hematologic values, heart rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, plasma lactate concentration, urine and serum concentrations of caffeine and metabolites, and time until exhaustion were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed by use of a mixed-effects linear model. RESULTS: Significant differences in measured values when horses were treated with caffeine or the control solution were not detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A dose of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) appears to have no effect on any performance variable of physically fit Thoroughbreds during incremental exercise testing to fatigue.  相似文献   

First report of a mecA-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from a dog in New Zealand     

AG Bell  GW Coombs  B Cater  C Douglass 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(4):253-256

CASE HISTORY: A 14-year-old neutered male Sealyham terrier was referred for assessment of a persistent pyoderma. It had experienced numerous episodes of dermatitis involving pododermatitis, pyoderma and otitis over the previous 6 years.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Superficial, focally deep and mucocutaneous pyoderma were present, with yellow mucoid exudate on both nares and the lower lips crusted with haemopurulent exudate. Epidermal collarettes were present on the dorsal and lateral trunk. There were peri-anal crusts and mild erythema was present on the concave aspect of both pinnae.

MICROBIOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Culture and microbiological testing identified Staphylococcus pseudintermedius as the infecting organism. Kirby-Bauer disc susceptibility testing revealed the isolate was resistant to numerous antimicrobials including oxacillin. PCR testing of the isolate identified the presence of the mecA gene which confers resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing suggested the isolate was not related to the methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius that had been reported to be associated with canine infections in Western Australia.

DIAGNOSIS: Superficial, deep and mucus membrane pyoderma associated with a multi-drug resistant S. pseudintermedius.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This is the first recorded case of canine pyoderma involving methicillin-resistant multidrug-resistant S. pseudintermedius in New Zealand. Treatment of such cases is difficult because the number of effective and available antimicrobials is limited. This finding should raise the awareness of the veterinary and medical professions to the presence of such organisms in New Zealand and stimulate a discussion about possible biosecurity barriers, treatment strategies and prevention of zoonotic and nosocomial infections.  相似文献