Sarcoptic mange in badgers in the UK     

Collins R  Wessels ME  Wood R  Couper D  Swift A 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(17):668

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Validation of disease diagnoses reported to the National Animal Health Monitoring System from a large Colorado beef feedlot   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M D Salman  G R Frank  D W MacVean  J S Reif  J K Collins  R Jones 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(8):1069-1073

Clinical observation and collection of biological specimens from a large beef feedlot (approximately 30,0000 animals) were used to evaluate 6 approaches for validation of a disease reporting system. Data collected during a 12-month period were used to evaluate each approach. A subsample of disease cases reported to the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) was compared with the clinical observations of the investigators. Although the agreement between clinical diagnosis by the NAHMS veterinarian and by feedlot health crews was high, the sensitivity and specificity of specific diagnoses varied from 100 to 18% and from 99 to 76%, respectively, which suggests that regular clinical observations by a veterinarian are needed to validate disease diagnoses reported to NAHMS by producers. Subsampling of a group of cattle by means of paired serologic determination of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus revealed a high serologic conversion rate to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and high levels of preexisting antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza-3 viruses. It was concluded that the current method of data collection for Colorado feedlots provides an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity for the program. However, disease events that are not of economic importance to the feedlot operator will be underestimated. If an objective of NAHMS is to develop a base line of animal health conditions, diagnosis of diseases by current methods will be satisfactory. Occasional validation through clinical observations by a veterinarian will suffice to monitor quality of collected data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian cow   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P R Scott  B M Aldridge  L A Holmes  E M Milne  D M Collins 《The Veterinary record》1988,123(14):373-374

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Disturbances in tallgrass prairie: local and regional effects on community heterogeneity   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Susan M. Glenn  Scott L. Collins  David J. Gibson 《Landscape Ecology》1992,7(4):243-251

Community heterogeneity in tallgrass prairie was analyzed at regional and local levels to assess the effects of disturbances on community structure at different spatial scales. The sites were part of NASA's First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) in Kansas, and were located on grassland treatments that were undisturbed, and burned-only on Konze Prairie Research Natural Area, and grazed-only and grazed + burned on adjacent ranch land. Sites in grazed-only or grazed + burned treatments were less similar to each other, on a regional scale (15 × 15 km), than were burned-only or undisturbed sites. Grazing reduced the cover of dominant species, making space available for the establishment of immigrants from the region. Each site was different because of establishment by different species from the large regional species pool. At the local scale (0.1 ha), the most homogeneous treatments were those that were most heterogeneous at the regional scale. Undisturbed treatments at the local scale were the most heterogeneous compared to sites under other treatments. Therefore, regional responses to disturbances were more variable than local responses, and were not predictable from within-site analyses.  相似文献   

Characterisation of an antigenically unusual virus responsible for two outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the Republic of Ireland in 1990.     

D J Alexander  G Campbell  R J Manvell  M S Collins  G Parsons  M S McNulty 《The Veterinary record》1992,130(4):65-68

Antigenic characterisation of two highly virulent virus isolates from outbreaks of Newcastle disease on two closely connected farms in County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland, in 1990 showed the viruses to be indistinguishable but unlike other Newcastle disease viruses so far tested. However, they appeared to be antigenically closest to avirulent viruses isolated from waterfowl from several countries and from chickens in Northern Ireland in 1986. Despite the antigenic differences, chickens vaccinated with a live commercial Hitchner B1 vaccine were protected against intramuscular challenge with one of the virulent isolates.  相似文献   

TREATMENT OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN THE BULL     

J. Francis  D.Sc.  M.Sc.  F.R.C.V.S. G. W. Collins  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1963,39(5):202-204

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The detection of microfilariae using the capillary haematocrit tube method     

J. D. Collins 《Tropical animal health and production》1971,3(1):23-25

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Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332).   总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35  

D A Benfield  E Nelson  J E Collins  L Harris  S M Goyal  D Robison  W T Christianson  R B Morrison  D Gorcyca  D Chladek 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1992,4(2):127-133

The characterization of an isolate of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (ATCC VR-2332) is reported. A commercial cell line (CL2621) was used for the propagation of the virus for all assays. Laboratory studies indicate that this isolate is a fastidious, nonhemagglutinating, enveloped RNA virus. Cesium chloride-purified virions visualized by electron microscopy were spherical particles with an average diameter of 62 nm (range: 48-83 nm) and a 25-30 nm core surrounded by an envelope. Virus replication was restricted to the cytoplasm, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. The virus did not react serologically with antisera to several common porcine viruses or with antisera to known viruses in the alphavirus, rubivirus, pestivirus, and ungrouped lactic dehydrogenase virus genera of the Togaviridae. However, convalescent sow sera and rabbit hyperimmune sera neutralized the SIRS virus at titers of 1:256 and 1:512, respectively. The virus was stable at 4 and -70 C, but was labile at 37 and 56 C. The properties of this isolate of SIRS virus resemble those of the family Togaviridae but do not match the described genera.  相似文献   

Shedding of enteric coronavirus in adult cattle   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

J K Collins  C A Riegel  J D Olson  A Fountain 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(3):361-365

Electron microscopic examination of fecal specimens from adult dairy cows indicated seasonal coronavirus shedding. Fifty-two cows from a 300 cow herd were monitored for shedding of coronavirus. Approximately 50% to 60% of the cows monitored shed coronavirus during the winter months (November to March) of the first year of the study. During 2 subsequent years of monitoring the same cows, 20% to 30% of the cows shed coronavirus during the winter months. Virus shedding was not detected during the summer months (July to September). Half of the cows monitored were vaccinated with a modified-live rotavirus-coronavirus-Escherichia coli combination vaccine; however, vaccination did not influence seasonal shedding of coronavirus, as compared with shedding in the nonvaccinated cows. In nonvaccinated cows that calved in the winter months, the incidence of coronavirus shedding increased from 20% to 30% during the last 2 months of gestation to 65% to 70% at parturition. In vaccinated cows, the incidence of shedding did not increase at parturition.  相似文献   

Familial cataracts and concurrent ocular anomalies in chow chows.     

B K Collins  L L Collier  G S Johnson  H Shibuya  C P Moore  J M da Silva Curiel 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(10):1485-1491

A closely inbred line of Chow Chows affected with congenital cataracts was studied. Sixteen dogs were examined including 1 adult male, 2 adult females, and 13 pups. Twelve of the pups were from 6 different litters, out of 6 different bitches, all sired by 1 adult male. The exact relationship of the thirteenth pup was undetermined. Clinical evaluation included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, biomicroscopic photography, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Clinical appearance of the cataracts was variable, ranging from incipient nuclear or capsular lesions to advanced cortical opacity. The lens nucleus was most consistently affected, with variable involvement of the lens cortex. Concurrent ocular anomalies of some eyes included wandering nystagmus, entropion, microphthalmia, persistent pupillary membrane remnants, and multifocal retinal folds. A correlation was not apparent between the character or severity of the cataracts and the finding of the other anomalies. Histologic examination of 12 lenses revealed posterior displacement of the lens nucleus, retained lens epithelial cell nuclei in the nuclear and cortical lens, anterior capsular irregularity and duplication, anterior lens epithelial duplication, and posterior subcapsular migration of epithelium. The high incidence of cataract in this family of Chow Chows suggested an inherited defect, although the inheritance pattern was undetermined.  相似文献