Early harvest and ensilage of forage sorghum infected with ergot (Claviceps africana) reduces the risk of livestock poisoning     

BJ Blaney  MJ Ryley  BD Boucher 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(8):311-312

Sorghum ergot produces dihydroergosine (DHES) and related alkaloids, which cause hyperthermia in cattle. Proportions of infected panicles (grain heads), leaves and stems were determined in two forage sorghum crops extensively infected 2 to 4 weeks prior to sampling and the panicles were assayed for DHES. Composite samples from each crop, plus a third grain variety crop, were coarsely chopped and half of each sealed in plastic buckets for 6 weeks to simulate ensilation. The worst-infected panicles contained up to 55 mg DHES/kg, but dilution reduced average concentrations of DHES in crops to approximately 1 mg/kg, a relatively safe level for cattle. Ensilation significantly (P = 0.043) reduced mean DHES concentrations from 0.85 to 0.46 mg/kg.  相似文献   

Correlation of molecular markers and biological properties in Verticillium dahliae and the possible origins of some isolates   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Collins  J. Mercado-Blanco  R. M. Jiménez-Díaz  C. Olivares  E. Clewes  D. J. Barbara † 《Plant pathology》2005,54(4):549-557

Haploid and amphihaploid Verticillium dahliae isolates were studied using PCR-based molecular markers which: (i) discriminate the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes (two primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r), and (ii) are species-specific (primer pair 19/22). The results were compared with some known biological and other molecular properties of the isolates. Five discrete sequences of the 19/22 amplicon were found. Sequence 4 was associated with both defoliating isolates from Spain and nondefoliating isolates from Spain and USA; these pathotypes were separated by the primer pairs INTD2f/r and INTND2f/r, but the data showed that the primer espdef01 (derived from the 19/22 amplicon) cannot be used for this purpose. Amplicon sizes and sequences with primers 19/22 divided amphihaploid isolates from crucifers (thought to be interspecific hybrids) into those corresponding to the previously reported α and β groups. The β-group isolates had either sequence 4 or 5 (these two differing by a single base). The distinct amplicon sequence 3 given by the α-group isolates demonstrated that the V. dahliae -like 'parent' of this group was molecularly unlike any haploid isolate yet studied. The overall results are discussed in relation to phytosanitary considerations and the probability of defoliating or crucifer pathotypes arising de novo within Europe, either by selection or by interspecific hybridizations.  相似文献   

Dendritic cells in cattle: phenotype and function     

Howard CJ  Brooke GP  Werling D  Sopp P  Hope JC  Parsons KR  Collins RA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,72(1-2):119-124

Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells derived from the bone marrow and distributed throughout body tissues where they are located in sites that are suitable for antigen uptake. They are central to the induction of immune responses in naive animals and thus have become targets in strategies that are aimed at modulating resistance to infection. Studies in cattle have shown that the dendritic cells are phenotypically heterogeneous and that the different phenotypes have different biological properties. The molecular basis for this variation has begun to be investigated and has led to the identification of a member of the SIRPalpha family of signal regulatory proteins (MyD1) on a subset of dendritic cells in afferent lymph. Uptake of antigen by cattle dendritic cells is by a number of mechanisms that can involve endocytosis via clathrin coated pits or via caveolae as well as macropinocytosis.  相似文献   

Detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization.     

K L Roberts  J K Collins  J Carman  C D Blair 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》1991,3(1):10-15

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is described. The RNA probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the NADL strain of BVDV. Total RNA from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. Peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for BVDV by virus isolation. The results of hybridization and virus isolation were in agreement for 92% of the cases. When compared with virus isolation, hybridization had a sensitivity of detection of 59.5% and a specificity of 95%. Cross-reactivity to RNA extracts of border disease virus-infected cells was noted. No cross-reactivity was detected to other common bovine viruses (bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bluetongue virus), to viruses classified in related families (equine arteritis virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus), or to viruses having similar genomic organization (dengue virus type 2 and Japanese encephalitis virus).  相似文献   

Epizootic of adenovirus infection in American black bears     

J E Collins  P Leslie  D Johnson  D Nelson  W Peden  R Boswell  H Draayer 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(11):1430-1432

  相似文献   

Studies on Sarcocystis species VII: the effect of temperature on the viability of macrocysts (Sarcocystis gigantea) of sheep     

G H Collins  W A Charleston 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1980,28(9):189-191

  相似文献   

Cestodes from rodents in the Republic of South Africa     

H M Collins 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1972,39(1):25-50

  相似文献   

The effect of commercial steam pasteurization on the levels of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli on naturally contaminated beef carcasses     

Minihan D  Whyte P  O'Mahony M  Collins JD 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(7):352-356

The aim of the study was to assess the reduction achieved by steam pasteurization of beef carcasses of Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae and total aerobic mesophilic plate counts (APCs). In total, 30 carcass halves were exposed to steam pasteurization (90 degrees C, 10 s exposure time) and the 30 corresponding carcass halves remained as untreated controls. The neck, midline and rump were sampled on each carcass half. Significant reductions in E. coli incidence (P < 0.05) and counts, 0.5 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2) (P < 0.05), were observed on rump sites only. Significant reductions (>0.8 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2)) of Enterobacteriaceae were observed at all carcass sites sampled (P < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae reductions (>2 log10 CFU 1000 cm(-2)) were highly significant at the more contaminated sites (P < 0.001). Reductions in total APCs were inconsistent. Steam pasteurization significantly reduced the level of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae at more contaminated sites, but did not result in complete decontamination. Therefore, steam pasteurization should be classed as an aid to hygienic beef processing, but not as a critical control point.  相似文献   

Isolates of Verticillium dahliae Pathogenic to Crucifers Are of at Least Three Distinct Molecular Types     

Collins A  Okoli CA  Morton A  Parry D  Edwards SG  Barbara DJ 《Phytopathology》2003,93(3):364-376

ABSTRACT Diverse isolates of the soilborne wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum were studied to understand the nature and origins of those infecting cruciferous hosts. All isolates from cruciferous crops produced microsclerotia, and the majority produced long conidia with a high nuclear DNA content; these isolates were divided into two groups by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. One group could be subdivided by other criteria such as rRNA sequences and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Two crucifer isolates were short spored and had a low nuclear DNA content. The results are consistent with the crucifer isolates being interspecific hybrids. The long-spored isolates are best regarded as amphihaploids (or allodiploids) with the AFLP groups probably each representing separate interspecific hybridization events. The short-spored crucifer isolates appear to be derived from interspecific hybrids and are here called 'secondary haploids'. Molecular evidence suggests that one parent in the crosses was similar to V. dahliae. The other parent of the amphihaploids seems to have been more similar to V. albo-atrum than to V. dahliae, but was distinct from all isolates of either species so far studied. The implications for the taxonomy of crucifer isolates are discussed and the use of the name V. longisporum, proposed elsewhere for just some of these isolates, is discouraged.  相似文献   

Evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in New World camelids     

Wentz PA  Belknap EB  Brock KV  Collins JK  Pugh DG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(2):223-228

  相似文献