绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响     

薛道信  张恒嘉  巴玉春  张明  王世杰 《华北农学报》2017,32(3)

为测定膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯全生育期内不同调亏水平土壤养分、土壤水热动态、生长动态、产量效应和水分利用效率,于2016年在河西荒漠绿洲灌区民乐县益民灌溉试验站开展了马铃薯不同生育阶段水分调亏灌溉的试验研究,结果表明,马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏土壤水热变化均匀且利用率高,有利于马铃薯对土壤养分的充分吸收和利用;土壤养分是土壤肥力的核心,是植物在生长发育过程中不可或缺的重要因素,膜下滴灌调亏栽培能有效减少土壤速效养分的流失,并提高马铃薯对土壤速效养分的利用效率;不同生育阶段马铃薯耗水量受水分调亏程度影响较大,其耗水量随调亏程度增大而显著减少(P0.05),水分调亏处理马铃薯全生育期总耗水量均低于全生育期充分灌水CK处理。块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺马铃薯水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、生物量均达到最大,较全生育期充分灌水显著提高29.04%,35.61%。因此,块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺灌溉方式能使马铃薯根区土壤始终保持湿润状态,有效减少渗漏损失和植株间无效蒸发损失,改善土壤水、肥和热量状况,有利于提高作物水分利用效率,且不显著降低马铃薯最终产量。  相似文献   

冬枣溃疡病病原初步鉴定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘俊展  丁爱云  巴秀成  周霞  王小梦  郑继法 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,37(2):185-189

2003~2004年在山东省滨州市沾化县、无棣县等冬枣产区调查发现,冬枣生长前期在枣吊和叶片上发生了一种细菌性新病害。通过对典型病害样本进行病原菌分离、纯化获得20个菌株。从中选出4个菌株进行致病性测定,同时对其细菌形态、培养性状、染色反应、生理生化测定及血清学反应等性状进行了较为系统研究。结果表明,该地区冬枣溃疡病是由油菜黄单胞Xanthom onas campestrisPamm e(Dowson,1939)侵染引起的。  相似文献   

Mouse melanoma cell exosomes promote expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts     

BA Xiao-yun  WANG Yi-ting  CHANG Xiu-lin  DUAN Ru-xia  FANG Liao-qiong 《园艺学报》2020,36(4):606-611

AIM To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells on the expression of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) protein in fibroblasts. METHODS Ultracentrifugation was adopted to separete exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma B16-F10 cells. The morphological structure of exosomes was observed by negative-staining electron microscopy. The size distribution of exosomes was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Tyrp2), were identified by Western blot. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the process that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) took in exosomes during co-culture. Immunocytochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of Rac1 protein in MEF. RESULTS B16-F10 cell exosomes showed a typical tea tray-like structure, with a size range of 141~255 nm, and expressed protein markers Tsg101 and Tyrp2. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, a small number of exosomes appeared in the MEF at 12 h, and a large number of exosomes accumulated in the MEF after co-cultured for 24 and 36 h. Western blot analysis showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the expression of Rac1 protein in the MEF was significantly increased at 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.01). The results of immunocytochemical staining showed that compared with co-culture at 0 h, the positive expression level of Rac1 in the MEF cells was significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h and 36 h of co-culture (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Intake of exosomes secreted by mouse melanoma cells promotes the expression of Rac1 protein in fibroblasts.  相似文献   

胚胎冷冻技术及其在转基因小鼠中的应用     

杨秀兰  苏玉虹  巴彩凤 《长江大学学报》2006,(5)

随着生物工程技术的发展,出现了许多生物工程小鼠品系,促使胚胎冷冻技术得到了广泛应用。胚胎冷冻技术不仅为转基因动物提供可用胚胎,还使胚胎移植不受时间、地域限制,简化引种过程,防止疾病传播,为建立优良动物的胚胎库提供了条件。综述了几种常用的胚胎冷冻方法及其在转基因小鼠中的应用研究,指出了胚胎冷冻方法存在的主要问题,并展望了其发展前景。  相似文献   

冬春温度变化对小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS的育性转换影响     

秦志英  孙海燕  付庆云  卫笑  巴爱丽  茹振钢  李友勇 《西北农业学报》2018,27(1):31-37

BNS是一个主体受温度控制的新型小麦雄性不育系,表现为花粉发育在低温下(8℃)不育,高温下(12℃)可育。BNS不育性稳定,但年份间常有波动,一些年份自交结实率上升显著。为了弄清楚BNS育性波动的原因,连续3a观察不同播期的BNS穗分化过程,分析连续6a调查的BNS自交结实率与对应年份的冬春温度变化,结果发现,冬季和春季温度的改变显著影响BNS的自交结实率。一般规律是,暖冬年份自交结实率低,寒冬较高,暖春年份自交结实率高,寒春较低。该现象的形成主要是BNS冬季生长发育速度所致,暖冬年份BNS冬季仍保持生长,到春季时完成温度敏感期前的发育,较早进入温度敏感期,此时的春季温度较低,因此BNS不育;然而在寒冬年份,BNS停止生长,春季需生长一定时间才进入温度敏感期,进入时气温已较高,因此诱导育性转换,自交结实率增高。BNS冬季生长发育速度在穗分化观察中得到验证。该机理解释了不同年份BNS自交结实率的波动,并根据冬春温度可预测BNS的育性转换。  相似文献   

造林密度对新疆杨人工林生长发育和光合特性的影响     

黄彩霞  张明  巴玉春  张恒嘉  康燕霞  王玉才 《甘肃农业大学学报》2017,52(2)

【目的】探索河西绿洲区新疆杨适宜种植密度,为新疆杨人工林的集约栽培提供科学依据.【方法】以新疆杨(Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis Bge.)为研究对象,研究3种造林密度(株距×行距分别为2m×3m、3m×4m、4m×5m)对新疆杨生长发育及光合特性的影响.【结果】不同造林密度间新疆杨人工林单株材积、胸径、树高均存在显著差异,并随林龄增加差异更加明显.4m×5m配置新疆杨人工林的胸径、单株材积大于其他两种密度,同时具有较高的光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(Gs)和较低的胞间CO_2浓度(C_i).相关分析表明,日均Pn、Tr与胸径、树高、单株材积呈显著正相关,Gs仅与树高呈显著正相关,C_i与各生长指标均呈负相关.【结论】株距×行距为4m×5m配置是河西新疆杨种植的最佳密度.  相似文献   

自发气调包装对蜂糖李采后生理及贮藏品质的影响     

巴良杰  罗冬兰  曹森  符成威  马超  吉宁  王瑞 《中国南方果树》2019,(3):105-111

以蜂糖李为试验材料,采后通过4种不同的自发气调包装处理(PE40、PE30、PE20和微孔),对蜂糖李采后生理和贮藏期品质进行定期测定,研究不同的自发气调包装对蜂糖李采后生理及贮藏期品质的影响。通过对呼吸强度、乙烯释放率、总酚含量、PPO活性、贮藏期的微环境气体成分、果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、褐变指数、腐烂指数、含水率等指标的分析,发现自发气调包装袋的保鲜效果依次为PE40>PE30>PE20>微孔。在0℃条件下,采后用PE40自发气调包装处理对蜂糖李保鲜效果最好。  相似文献   

高产高效栽培下春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的研究     

田立双  杨恒山  关艳波  鲍哈斯巴根  张瑞富  毕文波 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(6):159-164

以郑单958为供试品种,设高产高效栽培(GCGX)和农户传统栽培(CK)2个处理,于2012年和2013年连续2 a进行田间试验,测定春玉米生育后期冠层结构及其光合特性的变化规律。结果表明：吐丝期和乳熟期株高、穗位高产高效栽培略高于农户传统栽培。与农户传统栽培相比,高产高效栽培春玉米叶面积指数较大,在生育期上表现为吐丝之后更为明显,在叶位上表现为棒三叶以下叶片最为突出;不同叶位的叶倾角高产高效栽培显著小于农户传统栽培,而叶向值均显著大于农户传统栽培,在棒三叶表现最为明显;高产高效栽培生育后期净光合速率显著高于农户传统栽培,冠层光合能力极显著高于农户传统栽培。高产高效栽培下春玉米产量为14.009 t·hm^-2(2012)和13.255 t·hm^-2(2013),均极显著高于农户传统栽培。  相似文献   

Performance of Pacific White Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,Reared in Zero‐Exchange Tank Systems Exposed to Different Light Sources and Intensities     

Shawn D. Coyle  Leigh Anne Bright  David R. Wood  Russell S. Neal  James H. Tidwell 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(5):687-695

The development of biofloc production technology has generated significant commercial and research interest directed toward the inland culture of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Most work to date has been conducted in greenhouses, where photoautotrophic organisms are significant contributors to system functionality. In more temperate locations, operations in insulated buildings would reduce heating costs. This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of light on shrimp cultured in intensive biofloc systems. A 92‐d experiment was conducted in 3.8‐m³ tanks. There were five light treatments: (1) natural sunlight (SUN) as a control (midday: 718 lx); (2) one metal halide light (MHL) (1074 lx); (3) one fluorescent light (1FL) (214 lx); (4) two fluorescent lights (2FL) (428 lx); and (5) three fluorescent lights (3FL) (642 lx). Artificial light treatments operated on a 12:12 daily cycle. There were three replicate tanks per treatment and each was separated by black plastic to prevent light transmission between replicates. Each tank was stocked at 465 shrimp/m² of tank bottom (initial mean weight = 0.4 g). Light treatment had a significant (P≤ 0.05) impact on average individual weight, survival, harvest yield (kg/m²), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Harvest yield and survival among shrimp in the SUN, MHL, and 1FL treatments were not significantly different. However, there was an inverse linear relationship (P≤ 0.05; R² = 0.76) between the number of fluorescent fixtures and survival, which was related to greater concentrations of filamentous bacteria as the intensity of fluorescent light increased, causing gill fouling. Natural light and MHL did not result in high concentrations of filamentous bacteria. These results indicate that natural light, metal halide lighting, and/or relatively low levels of fluorescent lighting are suitable for indoor production of Pacific white shrimp in biofloc systems. Light spectrum and intensity can affect bacterial community structure, which has a profound effect on shrimp survival and production.  相似文献   

黄河鲤嗜水气单胞菌的分离、毒力及用药分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵贤亮  陈鹤  杨潇  巴新霞  李莉  孔祥会 《水产科学》2017,(5):642-646

自发病黄河鲤4种组织中分离致病菌,结合形态学和16SrDNA序列分析,发现分离到的细菌属气单胞菌属。回归感染试验发现,患病鱼体出现鳃盖等多处组织出血且伴随肠炎等症状,表明引起黄河鲤发病的致病菌为嗜水气单胞菌,命名为HNAh01。半致死密度测定发现,嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的半致死密度为1.38×10~7 cfu/mL。药敏结果表明,该致病性嗜水气单胞菌是典型的多重耐药嗜水气单胞菌,但对恩诺沙星极为敏感。因此,选择恩诺沙星对分离菌株进行体外药效学和用药分析试验。药效学试验表明,恩诺沙星对嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的最小抑菌质量浓度为1.56ng/mL,最小杀菌质量浓度为3.12ng/mL,防耐药突变质量浓度为12.5ng/mL,耐药选择窗的范围为1.56~12.5ng/mL。用药分析结果显示,黄河鲤口服剂量为10mg/kg时对嗜水气单胞菌HNAh01的相对保护率达83%。本文研究为嗜水气单胞菌的防治提供了理论基础与实践依据。  相似文献