A Retrospective Analysis of 2,253 Cases Submitted for Endocrine Diagnosis of Possible Granulosa Cell Tumors in Mares     

Barry A. Ball  Alan J. Conley  Juliana Almeida  Alejandro Esteller-Vico  James Crabtree  Coralie Munro  Irwin K.M. Liu 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Endocrine diagnoses of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) in the mare are frequently based upon determination of serum concentrations of inhibin, testosterone, and progesterone (GCT panel). In the present study, we examined results from 2,253 samples submitted for determination of GCT panel. In an additional subset of samples (n = 75), diagnosis of GCT was confirmed based upon surgery or necropsy. The objective of the current study was to examine the agreement between serum inhibin and testosterone concentrations in mares with serum progesterone concentrations less than or ≥1 ng/mL. Across all samples, elevations in serum inhibin or testosterone were noted in 15.2% or 17.3% of samples, respectively. For samples with progesterone <1 ng/mL, more (P = .001) samples had elevated inhibin than elevated testosterone, whereas for samples with progesterone ≥1 ng/mL, more (P < .0001) samples had elevated testosterone than elevated inhibin. For samples with progesterone <1 ng/mL, the agreement between elevated inhibin and testosterone was greater than that for samples with progesterone ≥1 ng/mL. In a subset of 53 samples with progesterone ≥1 ng/mL, 28 samples had endocrine evidence of a granulosa cell tumors based upon elevations of serum anti-Müllerian hormone, and 4 of these samples had endocrine evidence of pregnancy based upon estrone sulfate concentrations. For samples from mares with confirmed GCTs, 85% and 55% had elevated inhibin or testosterone, respectively. Based upon endocrine diagnosis, GCTs occur in mares with elevated progesterone and/or estrone sulfate, albeit at a low rate.  相似文献   

Experimental manufacture of wooden implements with tools of flaked stone     

Crabtree DE  Davis EL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1968,159(3813):426-428

Several contemporary archeologists recaptutring an almost-lost art by developing skill at knapping (shaping) stone artifacts by pressure and percussion. However, little is known of how these artifacts could be used. We describe three experiments in the carving of wood implments with stone tools alone, and we outline some of the problems of making and applying a do-it- yolur-self lithic tool kit.  相似文献   

Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation   总被引：144，自引：0，他引：144  

G R Crabtree 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,243(4889):355-361

Interaction of antigen in the proper histocompatibility context with the T lymphocyte antigen receptor leads to an orderly series of events resulting in morphologic change, proliferation, and the acquisition of immunologic function. In most T lymphocytes two signals are required to initiate this process, one supplied by the antigen receptor and the other by accessory cells or agents that activate protein kinase C. Recently, DNA sequences have been identified that act as response elements for one or the other of the two signals, but do not respond to both signals. The fact that these sequences lie within the control regions of the same genes suggests that signals originating from separate cell membrane receptors are integrated at the level of the responsive gene. The view is put forth that these signals initiate a contingent series of gene activations that bring about proliferation and impart immunologic function.  相似文献   

Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lanciotti RS  Roehrig JT  Deubel V  Smith J  Parker M  Steele K  Crise B  Volpe KE  Crabtree MB  Scherret JH  Hall RA  MacKenzie JS  Cropp CB  Panigrahy B  Ostlund E  Schmitt B  Malkinson M  Banet C  Weissman J  Komar N  Savage HM  Stone W  McNamara T  Gubler DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5448):2333-2337

In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998.  相似文献   

Within-herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus     

RH Foote 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2002,37(1):61-63

A system was designed to allow a small swine farm in a northern latitude to use its own boars for artificial insemination (AI) conveniently. Semen was collected twice weekly for 3 day use (days 0, 1 and 2), extended in an egg yolk extender and stored at 5°C. Farm personnel were trained to manage the entire AI programme. For simplicity all semen collected was used for insemination. In the first test 47 gilts and 15 sows were inseminated with semen from four boars. One boar was subfertile with a farrowing rate of 36%. The averages for the other boars ranged from 71 to 100%. Then semen was collected from seven boars and all was used to inseminate 70 gilts and 55 sows with 3 × 10⁹ or more sperm. Overall 63% farrowed an average of 10.1 piglets per litter. Litter size for sows was 1.5 piglets larger than for gilts. There was no difference in farrowing rate when more than 3 × 10⁹ sperm were inseminated. The feasibility of initiating a complete AI programme within a small herd using herd boars was established. However, selection of the boars, use of only high quality semen, and experience with detecting oestrus was required to increase the farrowing rate. The use of various agents to protect sperm against cold shock below 15°C is worthy of further investigation. A new type of electronic probe, which measures the conductivity of cervical mucus, could be helpful if a boar is not available for conventional detection of oestrus.  相似文献   

Ceroid-lipofuscinosis in miniature Schnauzer dogs     

RD JOLLY  RH SUTTON  RIE SMITH  DN PALMER 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):67-67

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Cyclosporin A specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation   总被引：79，自引：0，他引：79  

E A Emmel  C L Verweij  D B Durand  K M Higgins  E Lacy  G R Crabtree 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,246(4937):1617-1620

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Metal ions at work     

Crabtree RH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,266(5190):1591-1592

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Organic superconductor     

Crabtree GW  Carlson KD  Williams JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4674):494

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Flaking Stone with Wooden Implements: Flaked stone artifacts from Palliaike, Chile, suggest that wooden flaking tools were used in the New World     

Crabtree DE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,169(3941):146-153

Two of the seven Palliaike points show better quality workmanship than the other five. The better workmanship seems to result from use of a material superior to basalt rather than from greater skill. All seven examples show surface smoothing to a varying degree. The bifacial smoothing could be either intentional abrading by the worker or unintentional smoothing by function. Without the aid of considerable magnification and further experiment, it is difficult to pass final judgment. If these points were hafted, it would seem that the bifacial basal smoothing could not be the result of function. Hafting could be accomplished by using resins and adhesives to affix the base of the point to a wooden shaft, as was done by the Kimberley aborigines. Many Clovis points from western North America are smoothed to an even greater degree-for example, those found at the Simon Site in Idaho. Some points show the detachment of short flakes terminating in step fractures. But this may be a result of the Palliaike points being made of basalt, a very difficult material to work, of the worker being less skilled, or of the wooden flaker being inadequate to overcome the coarse-grained material. All the Palliaike points are thick in relation to their width, which makes them resistant to breakage. However, since only one point in the collection (Fig. 1a) shows an attempt at basal thinning, the worker may have been unable to control the coarse-grained basalt, which is difficult to thin with a wooden flaker, or he may simply have wanted the point thick for a particular function.  相似文献