Effect of pre-medication on gastroduodenoscopy in isoflurane-anesthetized cats     

AA  Smith  LP Posner  RE Goldstein  JW Ludders  HN Erb  KW Simpson  RD Gleed 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):103-103

The pre‐medicant chosen may influence the ease with which gastroduodenoscopy (GD) is performed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative ease of GD in cats under ketamine and isoflurane anesthesia after IM injection of hydromorphone (H, 0.1 mg kg^?1), hydromorphone plus glycopyrrolate (HG, 0.1 mg kg^?1 (H), 0.01 mg kg^?1 (G)), medetomidine (M, 0.03 mg kg^?1), or butorphanol (B, 0.4 mg kg^?1). Eight cats were assigned randomly to receive each treatment in a cross‐over design with at least 7 days between treatments. Twenty minutes after pre‐medication, medetomidine produced greater (p = 0.001) sedation than the other treatments when assessed, using a subjective ordinal scale. The cats were injected with ketamine (10 mg kg^?1 IM), orotracheally intubated, connected to a pediatric circle breathing system, and allowed to spontaneously breathe isoflurane in oxygen. Once end‐tidal isoflurane concentration was stable at 1.4% for 15 minutes, endoscopy was started. A single endoscopist (REG), who was unaware of the treatment used, performed all endoscopies. The endoscopist scored the difficulty of endoscopy subjectively (0–3). The significance of differences between treatments was evaluated using Friedman's test. Time for entering the stomach was 9.4 (4.7–15.9) (median (minimum–maximum)), 6.6 (5.2–11.7), 8.4 (6.3–16.5), and 7.7 (5.1–14.7) seconds and for entering the duodenum from the stomach was 20.5 (13.8–40.9), 18.2 (10.3–39.8), 20.2 (16.2–119.5), and 22.2 (11.8–83.8) seconds for H, HG, M, and B treatments, respectively. There were no significant differences in the time for, or difficulty of, endoscopy. We conclude that any of these drugs can be used satisfactorily at the doses and combinations tested to pre‐medicate cats prior to general anesthesia for GD.  相似文献   

提高造林“两率”问题的探讨     

王毅军  白永忠  王强  热希 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(6):15-16

内蒙古乌拉特前旗属干旱、半干旱地区,地形、地貌复杂,土壤类型多样,造林立地条件较差。恶劣的自然条件,严重制约着造林成活率和保存率的提高。文章对当前制约该区造林成活率、保存率的因素进行调查分析,提出提高"两率"的具体措施,可为同类地区提供造林技术参考。  相似文献   

论沙化土地的治理     

白永忠  王毅军  张静  热希 《内蒙古林业调查设计》2012,(6):17-18

乌拉特前旗属干旱、半干旱地区,地貌类型复杂多样,造林立地条件较差。恶劣的自然条件,使大量土地日趋沙化,直接影响着这些地区的造林成活率和保存率的提高。文章对当前制约造林的沙化土地因素进行调查分析,提出治理的具体措施,可为同类地区提供造林技术参考。  相似文献   

Evaluation of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous lidocaine and bupivacaine for analgesia following ovariohysterectomy in the dog     

RE  Carpenter  DV Wilson  AT Evans 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2003,30(2):109-109

The role of ketamine (K) in pain management is controversial. It is reported to provide visceral analgesia in cats. This study aimed to assess its somatic actions using a thermal threshold (TT) model. Six cats (four spayed females, two castrated males, 4.3–7.2 kg) participated in the study. The day before each study, the thorax of each of the cats was shaved and a cephalic catheter was placed. TT was measured using a device specifically developed for cats. A heater element and temperature sensor housed in a small probe were held against the thorax of the cats with an elastic band and pressure bladder to assure consistent contact. The skin temperature was recorded before each test, then the heater was activated. When the cat responded by flinching, turning, or jumping, the stimulus was terminated and the threshold temperature was recorded. Treatments were 2 mg kg^?1 of K (10 mg mL^?1), or 0.2 mL kg^?1 of saline (S) IV, given in a randomized cross‐over design with at least 1 week between treatments. The investigator was blinded to the treatment. TT was measured thrice before treatment (baseline threshold) at 15 minutes, then every 30 minutes for 8 hours and once at 24 hours after injection. Data were analyzed using a four‐factor anova . Cats were sedated for 45 minutes following K treatment. There was no difference in baseline TT between treatments (K = 41.9 ± 1.7 °C, S = 41.0 ± 1.45 °C), and no change in TT at any time in the S group. TT increased significantly at 15 and 30 minutes after K, then decreased below baseline values between 210 and 390 minutes, with a nadir of 38.8 ± ± 1.05 °C at 390 minutes. During this time period, cats exhibited normal activity, but responses to thermal stimuli were exaggerated. This study suggested that K caused a delayed onset hyperalgesia in cats.  相似文献   

Rabies since Pasteur     

J Crick 《The Veterinary record》1985,116(17):478-479

  相似文献   

Specific binding of dl-cloprostenol and d-cloprostenol to PG F_2α receptors in bovine corpus luteum and myometrial cell membranes     

G. RE  P. BADINO  A. NOVELLI  A. VALLISNERI  C. GIRARDI 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1994,17(6):455-458

Prostaglandin F_2α receptors (PGF_2α Rs) were measured in bovine corpus luteum and myometrial cell membranes using a radiometric method. The inhibition of labelled PGF_2α binding exerted by d-cloprostenol, dl-cloprostenol, PGF_2α and PGE₁ (l0–¹¹ M to 10^–4 M) was evaluated in vitro. Results strongly suggest that cloprostenol binding to PGF_2αRs is stereospecific. d-Cloprostenol and PGF_2α were equipotent, about 150 times more potent than d-cloprostenol (P < 0.05) and approximately 280 times more potent than PGE, (P < 0.05) in inhibiting [3H]PGF_2α binding to corpus luteum cell membranes. Such differences were less evident in myometrial cell membranes, where d-cloprostenol and PGF_2α were about 10 times more potent than d-cloprostenol (P < 0.05) and approximately 95 times more potent than PGE_l (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

A comparison of stress in surgically and non-surgically mulesed sheep     

RE CHAPMAN  LR FELL† ‡  DA SHUTT† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(8):243-247

Summary A comparison has been made in 9- to 10-month-old castrated male Merino sheep of the changes in plasma total cortisol concentration and behaviour after being treated by either the modified Mules operation or by topical application of a quaternary ammonium compound to achieve non-surgical mulesing. After surgical mulesing, plasma total cortisol concentration increased immediately and rapidly and reached a peak value in 15 minutes, whereas after non-surgical treatment an immediate rise did not occur, but a similar peak value was observed in blood samples collected 24 hours after treatment. The concentrations were lower in both groups at 48 hours. Likewise postural changes indicative of discomfort were immediately apparent in the surgically treated sheep, but not until 3 to 4 hours later in those treated non-surgically. Arena testing revealed that a lasting aversion to the person who restrained them during treatment developed in the surgically mulesed sheep, but not in those treated non-surgically. The non-surgical procedure did not create large open wounds, as did the surgical operation, but still achieved similar enlargement of the bare area on the breech, and healing was quicker in the non-surgically treated sheep.  相似文献   

The use of relative value studies in the determination of veterinary fees     

RE CLARKE 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(11):345-349

This paper discusses the methods which veterinarians in Australia use to calculate their fees and charges. Problems associated with these methods and the tendency to undervalue the professional component of veterinary services are discussed. The paper introduces the concept of a relative value study of veterinary professional services within Australia and recommends the development of a relative value scale and conversion factors, based on appropriate resource cost accounting methodology, as a method to quantify veterinary professional service charges. A relative value scale is a table of "weights" that defines the relative value of procedures or services one to the other. A conversion factor is used to change the relative value unit to a dollar price and thus convert a relative value scale to a fee schedule. The Australian Veterinary Association is suggested as the most appropriate organisation to initiate and co-ordinate the research necessary for the development of these recommendations on a national basis.  相似文献   

Field trials evaluating ivermectin controlled-release capsules for weaner sheep and for breeding ewes     

GR ALLERTON  RP GOGOLEWSKI  D. RUGG  RE PLUE  RA BARRICK  JS EAGLESON 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(1):39-43

Objective To confirm the efficacy of ivermectin released from a controlled-release capsule administered to young sheep and to breeding ewes under field conditions. Design Randomised field trials. Procedure In each of ten field trials 25 weaned lambs were treated with ivermectin controlled-release capsules and 25 remained untreated. Eight similar field trials were conducted using adult ewes. Efficacy against infections of gastrointestinal nematodes was assessed by faecal egg counts and faecal larval culture. Body weights were recorded and faecal soiling of the breech wool (dags) was assessed. Results Nematode faecal egg counts in the two groups were not different (P = 0.13) before treatment in the weaner trials or before treatment in the ewe trials (P = 0.49), but thereafter eggs in the untreated sheep persisted, whereas counts in sheep given capsules were negligible (P ≤ 0.01). In the weaner trials, dag scores for the two groups were not different at the start of the trials (P = 0.18) but at the end, untreated sheep had significantly more dags (P = 0.04) than treated sheep. In the ewe trials, dag scores remained low in both groups. Weaners treated with the capsule gained 1.4 kg (95% CL: 0.7, 3.1) more weight over the 16 week trial period compared to untreated weaners (P = 0.01). Both groups of ewes lost weight as a result of parturition but the mean loss by week 16 was greater for untreated (3.7 kg) (95% CL: -5.1,-2.2) than for treated ewes (1.8 kg) (95% CL: -3.3, -0.4). The mean change in ewe body weight for the two groups was however not significant (P = 0.07). Differentiation of nematode larvae recovered from cultures of faeces from untreated animals indicated that the capsules were effective against the common parasites of sheep. Conclusion The capsule was efficacious against gastrointestinal nematodes judging from faecal egg counts. It has the potential to significantly reduce contamination of pasture with nematode eggs. Treated weaners had less dags for 16 weeks and gained more weight than untreated weaners.  相似文献   

Effet de la densité et de la proportion des plantes lors de renvahissement de la luzerne par Taraxacum officinale Weber     

R. RIOUX  A. LRE 《Weed Research》1992,32(3):213-220

Des expériences ont été conduites en salle climatisée pour mesurer l'influence de la densité et de la proportion des plantes sur l'envahisse-ment de la luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) établie par le pissenlit (Taraxacum officinale Weber). La durée de l'interférence et la densité de la luzerne ont permis d'expliquer la variation de la biomasse aérienne chez la luzerne cultivée en mélange avec le pissenlit. La densité du pissenlit a été toutefois un facteur important permettant d'expliquer la variation de la biomasse racinaire de la luzerne. La biomasse aérienne et racinaire du pissenlit a varié en fonction de la durée de la compétition, de la densité du pissenlit, de la densité de la luzerne et de la photopériode. Les équations de surface de réponse et hyper-boliques Iinéarisées ont permis de déterminer que la compétition dépendait de la densité plutôt que des proportions de chaque espèce dans le mélange. Effect of plant density and proportion on invasion of lucerne by Taraxacum officinale Weber Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber to establish the effect of plant density and proportion on invasion by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) of established lucerne (Medicago sativa). Duration of competition and lucerne density accounted for the variation in shoot biomass of lucerne growth in mixture with dandelion. The dandelion density explained a large proportion of the variation in lucerne root biomass. Dandelion root and shoot biomass varied according to duration of competition, dandelion density, lucerne density and photoperiod. Response surface and linearized hyperbolic equations suggested that competition was related more to density than to the proportion of each species in the mixture. Einfluβ der Pflanzendichte und-verteilung auf die Verunkrautung von Lucerne durch Taraxacum officinale Weber In Klimakammerversuchen zum Einfluß der Pflanzendichte und-verteilung auf die Verunkrautung von Luzerne (Medicago sativa L.) durch Löwenzahn (Taraxacum officinale Weber) erwiesen sich die Konkurrenzdauer und die Luzernendichte als wichtige Faktoren für die Bildung der Sproßbiomasse der Luzerne in Mischbeständen mit Löwenzahn, dessen Dichte für die Wurzelbiomasse der Luzerne ausschlaggebend war. Sproß- und Wurzelbiomasse der Löwenzahns variierten mit der Konkurrenzdauer, der Unkraut- sowie der Luzernendichte und der Photoperiode. Die Pflanzendichte erwies sich für die Konkurrenz wichtiger als das Mischungsverhältnis der Arten.  相似文献