Impacts of wood extraction on soil: assessing rutting and soil compaction caused by skidding and forwarding by means of traditional and innovative methods     

Marra  Elena  Laschi  Andrea  Fabiano  Fabio  Foderi  Cristiano  Neri  Francesco  Mastrolonardo  Giovanni  Nordfjell  Tomas  Marchi  Enrico 《European Journal of Forest Research》2022,141(1):71-86

European Journal of Forest Research - Intensive forestry operations may cause soil compaction, plastic soil disturbances and rutting, which are responsible for undesirable effects on soils,...  相似文献   

Metabolomics and food processing: from semolina to pasta     

Beleggia R  Platani C  Papa R  Di Chio A  Barros E  Mashaba C  Wirth J  Fammartino A  Sautter C  Conner S  Rauscher J  Stewart D  Cattivelli L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9366-9377

The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolite variations during industrial pasta processing (from semolina to dried pasta) for five different commercial products. Up to 76 metabolites were detected. Significant differences were observed between wholemeal and refined pasta samples, with the wholemeal pasta richer in many classes of compounds such as phytosterols, policosanols, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, carotenoids, minerals, and so on. Significant differences were also observed between samples of refined pasta apparently similar for the actual parameters used for the assessment of pasta quality. The results indicated that a number of metabolites undergo a transformation during the pasta-making process depending on the processing conditions adopted. The approach used in this work shows the high potential of metabolite profiling for food investigations with regard to process-related transformation, safety, and nutrition.  相似文献   

Efficacy of a single administration of a spot-on solution containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% in eliminating Dirofilaria repens microfilariae in naturally infected dogs     

Traversa D  Aste G  Di Cesare A  Paoletti B  Di Tommaso M  Di Giulio E  Pampurini F  Tunesi C  Boari A 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,179(1-3):107-112

In the past decade reports of canine subcutaneous dirofilariosis, caused by the mosquito-transmitted nematode Dirofilaria repens, increased in number in several countries in Europe, along with a rise of human cases. Given the merit to the new approaches for the control and treatment of this infection, the present study evaluated the efficacy of a single application of the spot-on formulation containing imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 2.5% (Advocate(?), Bayer Animal Health) in the elimination of D. repens microfilariaemia in naturally infected dogs. In September 2009, 18 dogs with a natural infection by D. repens were enrolled in the study. In October 2009 all the dogs were treated once with Advocate(?) and the presence/absence of circulating MF and skin lesions after treatment was evaluated monthly until April 2010. From November 2009 to April 2010 15 dogs scored negative for D. repens while one dog remained negative till March 2010 when it died. Two dogs had a recurrence of microfilariaemia in December 2009 and January 2010 respectively. Nine infected dogs showed skin lesions at the beginning of the trial, which disappeared after treatment in 7 dogs, whereas the other two symptomatic dogs did not show any dermatological improvement until the end of the trial even though they scored negative for D. repens microfilariae. This study demonstrated that a single dermal administration of Advocate(?) is effective in eliminating microfilariae of D. repens and likely has a certain degree of activity in killing subcutaneous adult worms as well. This study demonstrates the efficacy of Advocate(?) in the treatment of dermatitis caused by D. repens. Also, these results are of importance towards further control programs aiming to reduce the number of bites infectious for mosquitoes and the risk of infection for both humans and dogs.  相似文献   

Relation between visitors’ behaviour and characteristics of green spaces in the city of Granada,south-eastern Spain     

Cristiano Adinolfi  Gina Patricia Suárez-Cáceres  Paloma Cariñanos 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(3):534-542

This paper examines the relation between visitor behaviour and certain features of a number of major green spaces in the city of Granada, south-eastern Spain, focussing on key urban, ecological and landscape-related issues. Information on user profiles and numbers, the various uses made of these areas, their design, plant species richness and local urban and sociological background, was collected by means of in situ observation in a total of ten urban green spaces with surface areas of over 5000 m². Findings indicated that these spaces were used largely for purposes directly related to well-being: recreational and sporting activities, socialising, or simply relaxing. Interestingly, the most common activities in each space were governed by features intrinsic to the space itself: accessibility, design, maintenance and plant richness and distribution, all of which affected the health-related attributes and aesthetic value of the space. The study also highlighted a number of serious deficiencies in certain green spaces, which will need to be addressed in future action plans and replanning projects as an essential step in ensuring that they meet the real needs and expectations of the target population. The information provided by this research may prove particularly valuable for improving the systemic functions of green spaces in Mediterranean cities sharing similar bioclimatic and sociological features, and for ensuring that they fulfil the role assigned to green spaces in sustainable cities.  相似文献   

High inoculum of Monilinia fructicola is a threat to peach production in the tropics due to fruit susceptibility at all development stages     

Heloisa Thomazi-Kleina  Cristiano Nunes Nesi  Lilian Amorim  Louise Larissa May De Mio 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1131-1141

Brown rot is the main disease of stone fruits in Brazil, but the susceptibility of peaches to brown rot at different stages of development in the field has not been studied under subtropical conditions. This information is relevant to guide the management of the disease. The objective of this research was to determine the influence of inoculating peaches with Monilinia fructicola at different stages of development on the infection and progress of brown rot at postharvest. Two experiments were carried out: one ex vivo with two cultivars and the other in the field for two seasons. Peaches were inoculated at different sizes for both experiments. In the field, peaches were bagged to avoid natural infection, and M. fructicola inoculum was monitored. The ex vivo incidence of the disease was lower at pit hardening than at other fruit stages for both cultivars. The incidence of brown rot for peaches attached to the trees increased with fruit ripening. Conversely, the time for symptom expression was reduced according to peach diameter. Peaches inoculated with a diameter smaller than 2 cm showed a lower incidence of brown rot and longer periods for disease expression than fruit inoculated near harvest. In conclusion, in areas with high inoculum in the orchard, a common condition in the subtropics, the grower must prevent infection at all stages of fruit development, thus avoiding losses during marketing.  相似文献   

Filling the European blank spot—Swiss soil erodibility assessment with topsoil samples          下载免费PDF全文

Simon Schmidt  Cristiano Ballabio  Christine Alewell  Panos Panagos  Katrin Meusburger 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2018,181(5):737-748

Soil erodibility, commonly expressed as the K‐factor in USLE‐type erosion models, is a crucial parameter for determining soil loss rates. However, a national soil erodibility map based on measured soil properties did so far not exist for Switzerland. As an EU non‐member state, Switzerland was not included in previous soil mapping programs such as the Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS). However, in 2015 Switzerland joined the LUCAS soil sampling program and extended the topsoil sampling to mountainous regions higher 1500 m asl for the first time in Europe. Based on this soil property dataset we developed a K‐factor map for Switzerland to close the gap in soil erodibility mapping in Central Europe. The K‐factor calculation is based on a nomograph that relates soil erodibility to data of soil texture, organic matter content, soil structure, and permeability. We used 160 Swiss LUCAS topsoil samples below 1500 m asl and added in an additional campaign 39 samples above 1500 m asl. In order to allow for a smooth interpolation in context of the neighboring regions, additional 1638 LUCAS samples of adjacent countries were considered. Point calculations of K‐factors were spatially interpolated by Cubist Regression and Multilevel B‐Splines. Environmental features (vegetation index, reflectance data, terrain, and location features) that explain the spatial distribution of soil erodibility were included as covariates. The Cubist Regression approach performed well with an RMSE of 0.0048 t ha h ha^?1 MJ^?1 mm^?1. Mean soil erodibility for Switzerland was calculated as 0.0327 t ha h ha^?1 MJ^?1 mm^?1 with a standard deviation of 0.0044 t ha h ha^?1 MJ^?1 mm^?1. The incorporation of stone cover reduces soil erodibility by 8.2%. The proposed Swiss erodibility map based on measured soil data including mountain soils was compared to an extrapolated map without measured soil data, the latter overestimating erodibility in mountain regions (by 6.3%) and underestimating in valleys (by 2.5%). The K‐factor map is of high relevance not only for the soil erosion risk of Switzerland with a particular emphasis on the mountainous regions but also has an intrinsic value of its own for specific land use decisions, soil and land suitability and soil protection.  相似文献   

Evaluation of sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine,midazolam and dexmedetomidine–midazolam in tegus (Salvator merianae)     

Shayne P. Bisetto  Cristiano F. Melo  Adriano B. Carregaro 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(3):320-328

Objective

To evaluate dexmedetomidine, midazolam and dexmedetomidine–midazolam for sedation and antinociception in tegus.

Study design

Prospective, crossover, randomized, blinded study.

Animals

Six healthy tegus (Salvator merianae) weighing 1.6 ± 0.3 kg.

Methods

Tegus were administered intramuscularly saline (0.5 mL; CON), dexmedetomidine (0.2 mg kg^?1; DX), midazolam (1 mg kg^?1; MZ) and dexmedetomidine–midazolam (same doses; DM). Heart rate (HR) and respiratory frequency (f_R) were recorded before treatment (baseline) and 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the treatments. Sedation scores were recorded according to resistance to manual restraint, posture and response to noxious stimulus, at baseline and 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the treatments. Antinociception was evaluated by measurement of latency of limb withdrawal reflex (LWR) to thermal stimulus, recorded at baseline and 15 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the treatments.

Results

Lower HR (DX and DM) and f_R (MZ, DX and DM) than CON were measured 15 minutes after the treatment and for up to 6 hours. Sedation was mild to moderate in MZ, deep in DM and absent in DX, although animals showed behavioral changes in DX, with increase in aggressiveness. Median (interquartile range) duration of sedation were 170 (50; 235) minutes in MZ and 230 (115; 235) minutes in DM. Recovery period was prolonged in both treatments, surpassing the duration of the experiment. Higher LWR than CON was detected from 15 minutes until 12 hours in DX and DM.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Midazolam provided sedation without antinociception, and dexmedetomidine provided antinociception without sedation. Drug combination increased the duration of sedation but not antinociception. Due to increased duration of sedation, reversal of effects with flumazenil and atipamezole should be considered after conclusion of clinical procedures.  相似文献   

EVALUATION OF CONTRAST‐ENHANCED ULTRASONOGRAPHY AS A METHOD FOR DETECTING GALLBLADDER NECROSIS OR RUPTURE IN DOGS          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Bargellini  Riccardo Orlandi  Chiara Paloni  Giuseppe Rubini  Paolo Fonti  Mark E. Peterson  Mark Rishniw  Cristiano Boiti 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2016,57(6):611-620

Gall bladder necrosis and rupture are life‐threatening conditions in dogs requiring surgical intervention and early diagnosis is essential. Human patients with suspected gall bladder necrosis/rupture are commonly evaluated with contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), however this procedure has not been described in dogs with suspected gall bladder necrosis/rupture. In a prospective diagnostic cohort study, CEUS (using SonoVue contrast medium) was performed in 93 dogs with gallbladder lesions identified by abdominal conventional ultrasonography. Necrosis/rupture was identified by CEUS as a focal lack of enhancement of the gallbladder wall. Dogs with positive CEUS finding for necrosis/rupture (complete lack of regional wall enhancement) underwent immediate surgery as did dogs with other biliary disorders requiring surgery. Dogs with negative CEUS findings or those not requiring surgery were managed medically. In cases undergoing surgery, necrosis/rupture was confirmed intraoperatively (and via histopathology). Absence of necrosis/rupture was confirmed either intraoperatively (via histopathology) or was assumed to be absent by complete recovery with medical management. Forty‐nine dogs underwent surgery and cholecystectomy: 24 had necrosis/rupture. CEUS was more accurate (100% sensitive and specific) in diagnosing gallbladder wall necrosis/rupture than conventional ultrasonography (75% sensitive and 81% specific) (P < 0.03). In conclusion, CEUS provides accurate characterization of gallbladder wall integrity that can impact decisions regarding clinical management, either surgical or medical.  相似文献   

Clotting profiles in newborn maltese kids during the first week of life.     

Giuseppe Piccione  Cristiano Bertolucci  Claudia Giannetto  Elisabetta Giudice 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(1):114-118

The neonatal period is probably the only time when a higher incidence of spontaneous thromboembolic complications may occur in the otherwise normal, healthy individual. This study was designed to determine the postnatal development of the kid coagulation system. Ten clinically healthy and full-term-born Maltese kid goats (5 males and 5 females) were used. In each kid, during the first week after birth, the prothrombin time (PT), the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), the thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen were assessed. Analysis of variance showed a highly significant effect of age on PT, TT, and fibrinogen. Our results of this study indicate that the clotting mechanism in kids is influenced by growth. This investigation contributes to the knowledge of clotting adaptations in kids during the first 7 days of life and provides useful information for the diagnosis and treatment of some neonatal diseases.  相似文献   

A novel machine learning-based web application for field identification of infectious and inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system in cattle     

Sara Ferrini  Cesare Rollo  Claudio Bellino  Giuliano Borriello  Giulia Cagnotti  Cristiano Corona  Giorgia Di Muro  Mario Giacobini  Barbara Iulini  Antonio D'Angelo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2023,37(2):766-773

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