Effects on growth,survival, body composition,processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds          下载免费PDF全文

Yuka Kobayashi  Carl D Webster  Kenneth R Thompson  Vaun C Cummins Jr  Ann L Gannam  Ronald G Twibell  Nathan M Hyde  Joao Fernando Albers Koch 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(11):2716-2727

To be profitable, producers must reduce diet costs, which can be as high as 80% of the variable costs of an aquaculture expense. As vitamin and mineral premixes represent a significant cost, eliminating addition of these premixes could reduce diet costs if no adverse effects were observed for growth and production parameters. A 105‐day feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to evaluate the effects of growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when red claw were fed a supplemental diet containing 28% crude protein (CP) without vitamin and mineral premixes (and supplemented alfalfa hay) compared with red claw fed a diet (control diet) containing 42% CP, vitamin and mineral premixes, and with supplemented alfalfa hay, and compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay when grown in ponds. Juvenile red claw (mean weight of 15.7 ± 1.0 g) were randomly stocked into nine 0.02‐ha ponds at a rate of 640 per pond (3.2 per m²), and each treatment was used in three ponds. There were two feedings per day, each consisting of one‐half of the total daily ration. At harvest, individual weight, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, survival and total yield of red claw fed a control diet was significantly higher (P < 0.05) (83.0 g, 398%, 1.53% day^?1, 65.1%,and 1708 kg ha^?1 respectively) compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay (44.9 g, 202%, 1.04% day^?1, 30.3% and 431 kg ha^?1, respectively), but not different (P > 0.05) from red claw fed the supplemental diet without vitamin and mineral premixes (76.2 g, 367%, 1.47% day^?1, 57.2% and 1378 kg ha^?1). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments, which averaged 5.0 (based on prepared diet input). These results indicate that vitamin and mineral supplementation in a diet is not necessary when diet containing 28% CP and alfalfa hay are used in combination for pond grown red claw. These results may help reduce diet costs and possibly increase producers’ profits which might allow for industry expansion.  相似文献   

Augmentation of free amino acids in eggs of red snapper,Lutjanus campechanus as part of the induced spawning protocol          下载免费PDF全文

Ryan Hastey  Ronald Phelps  Allen Davis  Keith Cummins 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(2):283-290

An attempt was made to increase free amino acids (FAA) concentrations in eggs of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus as part of an induced spawning protocol. Mature female red snapper were given intramuscular injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at a 1100 IU kg^?1 of female body weight. Immediately after the HCG injection, one set of females received an intramuscular injection of FAA in a buffered saline solution at a dose of 20 mg FAA cocktail kg^?1 of body weight. The FAA cocktail was 25% isoleucine, 25% leucine, 25% lysine and 25% valine on a molecular weight basis. A second set of fish did not receive the FAA supplement. Both sets of fish were equally successful in spawning with ovulation occurring 21–32.5 h post injection. Injection of FAA into brooders as eggs began final maturation and hydration resulted in an increase in leucine (nmoles mg egg^?1) and a slight increase in isoleucine (nmoles egg^?1) in recently ovulated eggs. FAA supplementation via brood injection altered FAA utilization rates by embryos and during larval development, resulted in a greater yolk sac and oil globule reserve in larvae as they approached the time of first feeding.  相似文献   

野性斯派塞     

CC 《百姓》2011,(10)

苍绿的草原一望无际,起伏的山丘上搭着一道道浓绿的葡萄架,远处成群的牛羊悠闲地吃着草,星星点点的白色房屋,好似一幅静美的天然油画,而澳大利亚五星级牧场斯派塞就坐落于这绿色深处。  相似文献   

Reduced in vivo nonspecific resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection during avian retrovirus-induced immunosuppression   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T J Cummins  I M Orme  R E Smith 《Avian diseases》1988,32(4):663-667

Ten-day-old chickens infected with an avian osteopetrosis virus [MAV-2(O)] were more susceptible to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes than virus-free chickens, as demonstrated by reduced bacterial clearance from their spleens. Reduced clearance of L. monocytogenes was observed throughout a 26-day period after MAV-2(O) infection.  相似文献   

Effects of human alpha interferon on experimentally induced equine herpesvirus-1 infection in horses     

T L Seahorn  G K Carter  J G Martens  R A Crandell  M T Martin  W L Scrutchfield  J M Cummins  R J Martens 《American journal of veterinary research》1990,51(12):2006-2010

The immunotherapeutic effect of low-dose human alpha interferon on viral shedding and clinical disease was evaluated in horses inoculated with equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). Eighteen clinically healthy weanling horses, 5 to 7 months old, were allotted to 3 equal groups. Two groups were treated orally with human alpha-2a interferon (0.22 or 2.2 U/kg of body weight), on days 2 and 1 before inoculation with EHV-1, the day of inoculation, and again on postinoculation day 1. The horses of the remaining group were given a placebo orally on the same days. The horses were monitored daily for changes in body temperature and for clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Blood and nasal swab specimens were collected daily for virus isolation. Blood was also collected at intervals throughout the monitoring period for evaluation of CBC, serum IgG and IgM concentrations, and antibody titers to EHV-1. Febrile responses, nasal discharge, viral shedding, changes in CBC, and an increase in antibody titers to EHV-1 were noticed in all horses after inoculation. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in mean values of the factors measured between treatment and control groups.  相似文献   

Efficacy of Sulbactam, a B-lactamase Inhibitor, Combined with Ampicillin in the Therapy of Ampicillin-resistant Pneumonic Pasteurellosis in Feedlot Calves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Bentley OE  Cummins JM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(9):591-594

Two field efficacy studies, involving a total of 80 naturally infected feedlot calves, were conducted to compare the efficacy of sulbactam-ampicillin with that of penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin in the treatment of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Cultures from pretreatment nasal swabs were predominantly ampicillin/ penicillin resistant Pasteurella haemolytica. Clinical observations revealed that cattle treated with penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin responded poorly, whereas those treated with sulbactam-ampicillin responded promptly. Twenty-four hours after initiation of treatment, mean body temperatures of the calves in the sulbactam-ampicillin groups had decreased by 2.1°C, whereas, in the penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin calves there was little change. The difference between the two treatments was statistically significant (P≤0.01). The combined mortality for the two studies in the penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin treated groups was 18%. No mortality occurred in the sulbactam-ampicillin treated groups. Our data show that sulbactam-ampicillin was more effective than penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin in the treatment of pneumonia caused by ampicillin/penicillin resistant strains of Pasteurella in feedlot calves.  相似文献   

Protection of calves against rhinovirus infection by nasal secretion interferon induced by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

J M Cummins  B D Rosenquist 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(2):161-165

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Systemic effects of interferons after oral administration in animals and humans     

Cummins JM  Krakowka GS  Thompson CG 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(1):164-176

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Reproductive performance and genetic parameters in first cross ewes from different maternal genotypes     

Afolayan RA  Fogarty NM  Gilmour AR  Ingham VM  Gaunt GM  Cummins LJ 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(4):804-814

The reproduction of 2,846 crossbreed ewes with 7,899 records is reported. The ewes were progeny of mainly Merino dams and 91 sires from several maternal sire breeds including Border Leicester, East Friesian, Finnsheep, Coopworth, Corriedale, Booroola Leicester, and several others. There were 3 cohorts of ewes at each of 3 sites that were bred naturally to meat-type rams for each of 3 yr to evaluate reproduction and lamb production. At 2 sites, the ewes were mated in the autumn, first at 7 mo of age, and at 2 sites the ewes were mated in the spring, first at 14 or 17 mo of age. The cohorts of ewes and sites were genetically linked by 3 common sires. Mixed linear models were used to analyze ultrasound scanned pregnancy rate, fetal number, fertility (ewes lambing), litter size, lamb survival, number of lambs born (NLBj), number of lambs weaned (NLWj), and total weight of lamb weaned (TWWj) per ewe bred. Fixed effects included sire breed (1 to 10), environment (1 to 4, site and season of breeding: autumn, spring), breeding (1 to 3), cohort (1 to 3), and their interactions. The REML procedures were used to estimate (co)variance components. Ewe sire breed effects were significant (P < 0.01) for all the reproductive traits and breed means ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 for fertility, 1.22 to 2.08 for litter size, 0.70 to 0.90 for lamb survival, 0.99 to 1.66 for NLBj, 0.87 to 1.26 for NLWj, and 22.9 to 33.8 kg for TWWj, with the ranking of sire breeds varying for different traits. For all traits except lamb survival, the contrast between breeding 1 vs. 2 and 3 was considerably greater than the contrast between breeding 2 vs. 3, with significant environment x breeding interactions (P < 0.01). Estimates of heritability for the components of reproduction ranged from 0.03 +/- 0.02 for lamb survival to 0.19 +/- 0.05 for litter size, and those for the composite traits were 0.17 +/- 0.04 for NLBj, 0.13 +/- 0.04 for NLWj, and 0.17 +/- 0.04 for TWWj, with repeatability ranging from 0.10 to 0.19. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among the traits are reported. The significant variation among sire breeds of the crossbred ewes can be used to improve reproduction, although there was a change in the rank of the breeds for the various traits. There was considerable overlap between the breeds, and additional improvement could be achieved by exploiting the genetic variation between sires within breeds for all the ewe reproductive traits.  相似文献   

Short‐term tolerance of equine spermatozoa to various abiotic factors          下载免费PDF全文

CC Pérez‐Marín  FD Requena  A Arando  L Requena  F Requena  EI Agüera 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(2):534-544

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of various abiotic factors, such as light, physical stress (pipetting) and thermal shock, on the quality of fresh and cooled equine sperm. In experiment I, four sperm aliquots were subjected to different light exposures: (i) protected control samples (CTRL), (ii) exposed to UV light at 10 cm (UV10), (iii) exposed to UV light at 20 cm (UV20) and (iv) exposed to laboratory lighting (LAB). In experiment II, four semen aliquots were subjected to repeated pipetting for 0, 10, 20 and 30 times (CTRL, P10, P20 and P30, respectively). In experiment III, four semen aliquots at 15°C were subjected to thermal oscillations: (i) cooled control sperm at 15°C (CTRL), (ii) oscillations of 1.9°C/min to a temperature of 30°C (T30), (iii) oscillations of 1.4°C/min, with the temperature rapidly falling until reaching 1.3°C (T0R) and (iv) oscillations of 1.1°C/min, with the temperature slowly falling until reaching 4.2°C (T0S). The results revealed that after 30 min, UV10 and UV20 sperm samples showed significantly (p < .05) lower total and progressive motility values, sperm kinematic parameters and mitochondrial potential. After 45 min of exposure, differences were highly significant (p < .001). No significant differences (p > .05) were found for pipetting or thermal oscillations. The results suggest that, even if equine sperm samples are not handled in the laboratory under optimal conditions, fresh and cooled equine spermatozoa are able to resist the impact of various abiotic stimuli without any reduction in their quality. This study analyses the effect on normospermic samples, but future research could look at the tolerance that asthenozoospermic equine samples have to these abiotic influences.  相似文献