Effects of needle gauge and syringe size on small intestinal leakage at injection sites     

Kenneth J. Brand  Emily Hess  Marije Risselada 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(7):1237-1244

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Mapping gendered pest management knowledge,practices, and pesticide exposure pathways in Ghana and Mali     

Maria Elisa Christie  Emily Van Houweling  Laura Zseleczky 《Agriculture and Human Values》2015,32(4):761-775

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Comparison of three methods of tonometry in horses presented for ophthalmic disease     

Emily Latham  Nicole M. Scherrer  Darko Stefanovski 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(5):422-427

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Clinical ophthalmic parameters of the Quaker parrot (Myiopsitta monachus)     

Emily L. Halsmer  Jennifer Jill Heatley  Erin M. Scott 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2023,26(5):428-439

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History of fire and Douglas-fir establishment in a savanna and sagebrush–grassland mosaic, southwestern Montana, USA     

Emily K. Heyerdahl  Richard F. Miller  Russell A. Parsons 《Forest Ecology and Management》2006,230(1-3):107-118

Over the past century, trees have encroached into grass- and shrublands across western North America. These include Douglas-fir trees (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) encroaching into mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. vaseyana (Rydb.) Beetle) from stable islands of savanna in southwestern Montana. Our objectives were to quantify the relative area occupied by mountain big sagebrush and grasslands versus Douglas-fir savanna in the Fleecer Mountains of southwestern Montana today and in the past, and to identify the historical role of fire and other factors in maintaining this distribution. To do this, we reconstructed a multicentury history of tree establishment and surface fires from 1120 trees sampled on a grid of 50 plots covering 1030 ha of a modern mosaic of sagebrush–grasslands and Douglas-fir trees. We compared these histories to time series of climate and land use, and to spatial variation in topography and soil moisture availability. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Douglas-fir trees established in areas in which trees did not persist historically. In 1855, less than half the plots (42%) had trees whereas today, most plots do (94%). This encroachment was synchronous with the cessation of frequent surface fires, likely caused by the advent of domestic livestock grazing, and perhaps by the start of several decades of relatively dry summers. Douglas-fir savannas historically occurred on fire-safe sites more often than did sagebrush–grass. Our inference that frequent fire excluded Douglas-fir in the past was supported by the results of a simulation model of fire and associated vegetation dynamics. In the continued absence of fire, mountain big sagebrush and grasslands in southwestern Montana are likely to become more homogeneous as Douglas-fir trees continue to encroach.  相似文献   

Recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and cellular proliferation indices as prognostic indicators after incomplete surgical excision of cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors: 28 dogs (1994-2002)     

Séguin B  Besancon MF  McCallan JL  Dewe LL  Tenwolde MC  Wong EK  Kent MS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(4):933-940

The objectives of this study were to determine local recurrence rate, clinical outcome, and prognostic value of the number of argyrophylic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and number of Ki-67-positive nuclei after incomplete surgical excision of canine cutaneous grade II mast cell tumors (MCTs). This retrospective study included 30 MCTs in 28 dogs. Medical records were examined and follow-up information was obtained from owners and referring veterinarians. Only cases in which excision was incomplete and no anvcillary therapy (other than prednisone) for MCT was given were included. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were retrieved for AgNORs, PCNA, and Ki-67 staining. Median follow-up time was 811.5 days. Seven (23.3%) tumors recurred locally. Median time to local recurrence was not reached with a mean of 1,713 days. The estimated proportions of tumors that recurred locally at 1, 2, and 5 years were 17.3, 22.1, and 33.3%, respectively. Eleven (39.3%) dogs developed MCTs at other cutaneous locations. Median progression-free survival was 1,044 days. Median overall survival was 1,426 days. The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA scores was prognostic for local recurrence (P = .03) and development of local recurrence was prognostic for decreased overall survival (P = .04). Results suggest that a minority of incompletely excised MCTs recur. Therefore, ancillary local therapies may not always be necessary. However, local recurrence can negatively affect survival of the affected dogs. Cellular proliferation indices may indicate the likelihood of MCT recurrence after incomplete excision.  相似文献   

Nairobi Fly (Paederus) Dermatitis in South Sudan: A Case Report     

Kenneth V. Iserson  Emily K. Walton 《The Forestry Chronicle》2012,23(3):251-254

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Sequence diversity of the immunogenic outer membrane lipoprotein PlpE from Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, and 6     

Ayalew S  Blackwood ER  Confer AW 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,114(3-4):260-268

Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 (S1), S6 and S2 are the most common bacterial isolates found in shipping fever pneumonia in beef cattle. Currently used vaccines against M. haemolytica do not provide complete protection against the disease. Research with M. haemolytica outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has shown that antibodies to one particular OMP from S1, PlpE, may be important in immunity. Recombinant PlpE (rPlpE) is highly immunogenic in cattle, and the acquired immunity markedly enhanced resistance to experimental challenge. We previously demonstrated that the immunodominant epitope (R2) is located between residues 26 and 76 on the N-terminus of PlpE from a reference S1 strain (). This region consists of eight hexapeptide repeats. The potential of this epitope as a vaccine or supplement to commercial vaccines is dependant on its state of conservation amongst isolates of the three serotypes. To determine this, we sequenced plpE genes from 32 isolates. The sequences from S1 and S6 were identical with one exception. Substantial variation was observed among sequences from S2 strains, particularly in the R2 region of the protein. These variations in S2 isolates range from 3 to 28 hexapeptide repeats. Calculated molecular weight of PlpE from S1 and S6 isolates was 37 kDa, where as PlpE from S2 strains ranged from 30 to 50 kDa. These similarities and differences were demonstrated by western blot. Competitive binding assay was used to determine that antibody against rPlpE from S1 binds native PlpE on surfaces of both S1 and S2 cells.  相似文献   

Scaling up alternative food networks: farmers’ markets and the role of clustering in western Canada     

Mary A. Beckie  Emily Huddart Kennedy  Hannah Wittman 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(3):333-345

Farmers’ markets, often structured as non-profit or cooperative organizations, play a prominent role in emerging alternative food networks of western Canada. The contribution of these social economy organizations to network development may relate, in part, to the process of regional clustering. In this study we explore the nature and significance of farmers’ market clustering in the western Canadian provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, focusing on the possible connection between clustering and a “scaling up” of alternative food networks. Survey and interview results from four regional clusters indicate that in addition to spatial agglomeration, dynamic processes of interaction and knowledge exchange are occurring and are shaped by vendor mobility as well as collaborative and competitive forces. Horizontal and vertical collaborations are resulting in innovative strategies to address challenges of scale, scope, infrastructure, and organizational capacity that are prevalent in alternative food networks. Government support for market clustering has been modest to date but, we argue, could play a more prominent role in facilitating cluster development as part of a broader collaborative strategy involving public, private, and social economy sectors in the scaling up of alternative food networks.  相似文献   

Prevalence and molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in cattle from Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica     

Shebish E  Vemulapalli R  Oseto C 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,188(1-2):164-167

A study was conducted in 2008 to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma and Babesia infections in cattle in the Puntarenas Province of Costa Rica. Blood samples were taken from a total of 449 cattle during the month of March at 30 farms in the region of Espiritu Santu, Costa Rica. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to determine presence of antibodies to Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale, and real-time PCR was used to determine the presence of DNA from the disease-causing organisms. The ELISA results indicated that 87.5% of the cattle sampled were positive for antibodies to A. marginale, while 59.1% were positive for antibodies to B. bigemina. The real-time PCR results showed that 235 cattle were carrying A. marginale DNA (56.9%), 6 with B. bigemina DNA (1.34%), and 2 with B. bovis DNA (0.45%).  相似文献