Accuracy of the thermodilution method in estimating high flow - an in vitro study     

K.A. Jarvis Ph.D    M.J. Woliner BS  E.P. Steffey VMD  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1992,19(1):41-45

The accuracy of thermodilution for measuring flow rates of 10–40 L/min was evaluated using a commercially available thermodilution cardiac output computer in an in vitro model. Water (36.5–37.5°C) was directed through a mixing chamber via a constant flow pump. Thermodilution estimates of flow using four different volumes (10, 20, 30, 40 ml) of iced water injectate were compared to simultaneous measurements of timed samples of effluent from the mixing chamber. Injectate volume had a significant impact on the accuracy of thermodilution estimation (p < 0.05). Thermodilution overestimated measured flow when 10 and 20 ml of injectate were used to determine flow rates < 20 L/min but underestimated flow when injectate volumes of 30 and 40 ml were used, or when measured flow was > 25 L/min. The discrepancy between thermodilution flow and measured flow increased as rate of fluid flow increased.  相似文献   

Contact dermatitis in the dog and cat.     

P D White 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1991,6(4):303-315

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Variation in the level of grain defect light flecks and spots on cattle hides.     

O Nafstad  H Gr?nst?l 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):91-98

The occurrence of hide damage light flecks and spots was determined on tanned hides from 28 herds during a period of 8 to 12 months. Light flecks and spots are described as small areas of grain loss up to 3 mm in diameter that are seen on dyed crust cattle leather. Damage was found on 75.8% of all hides. The neck and shoulders were the anatomical region with the highest prevalence of damage. Sixty-eight per cent of all hides had light flecks and spots in this region. The forelimbs and dewlap were the anatomical region with the second highest occurrence with a prevalence of 39.1%. This distribution corresponded to the known distribution of lice in cattle. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, prevalence of lice in the herd assessed in March or infestations with different lice species. The frequency of light flecks and spots varied significantly during the year. The frequency was highest in the late winter and early spring, decreased significantly during the summer and was lowest in the autumn. This variation supported the importance of lice in the development of light flecks and spots and suggested a relatively long healing period for the damages induced by lice.  相似文献   

Detection and characterization of leptospiral antigens using a biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot.   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

M J Champagne  R Higgins  J M Fairbrother    D Dubreuil 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(3):239-245

A biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antigens of Leptospira interrogans serovars in experimentally inoculated bovine urine samples was evaluated. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from rabbits immunized with L. interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjobovis sonicated, whole cell, and formalinized-heated antigen preparations were purified by a protein A-superose column coupled to fast protein liquid chromatography, and evaluated for species specificity in the ELISA. The ELISA using each specific IgG detected as few as 10(4) leptospires of the homologous serovar hardjo diluted in phosphate-buffered saline solution with Tween 20 (PBSS-Tween 20). On immunoblot analysis of proteinase-K-digested whole cell leptospiral preparations, each IgG revealed the presence of bands specific to serovar hardjo, suggesting the presence of serovar-specific epitopes on the lipopolysaccharide molecules. The minimum number of cells of heterologous serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, bratislava, icterohaemorrhagiae and copenhageni detected by each ELISA was greater, ranging from 10(6) to 10(7). The common antigenic determinants observed on immunoblot analysis were different for each specific IgG, except for a major cross-reacting, possibly flagellar, protein doublet at approximately 36-36.5 kDa. Leptospires were equally well detected by the ELISA in both bovine urine and PBSS-Tween 20.  相似文献   

Humoral immune responses of black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) after DNA-mediated immunization with a beta-galactosidase reporter gene.     

J Sherrill  T Schock  J L Dunn  D J St Aubin  V V Burnley  S E Poet 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2001,32(1):17-24

Humoral immune responses of black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) to DNA-mediated immunization with a beta-galactosidase reporter gene expression plasmid were evaluated. Six male and 6 female adult penguins received either test plasmid, pCMV-beta, containing the beta-galactosidase gene or control plasmid, pCI, lacking a gene for expression. Three birds from each group were used previously in a diluent control group and given one injection of sterile saline. All samples were screened for anti-beta-galactosidase antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with anti-chicken immunoglobulin G as secondary antibody. Antibodies to beta-galactosidase were detected in the sera of pCMV-beta-inoculated penguins, with a peak response on day 21. Antibody titers of the test plasmid group versus both control groups on days 21, 28, and 42 differed significantly. These results demonstrate that black-footed penguins can be safely transfected with the gene encoding beta-galactosidase and will mount a humoral response against the in vivo-expressed protein. Knowledge from this initial study can be applied to the development of DNA-mediated vaccines against specific infectious diseases of penguins.  相似文献   

Molecular technology and antigenic variation among intraerythrocytic hemoparasites: do we see reality?     

D R Allred 《Veterinary parasitology》2001,101(3-4):261-274

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STUDIES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOPULMONARY EMBARRASSMENT DUE TO THIOPENTONE ANAESTHESIA IN THE EQUINE     

D. Sharifi  J. Singh  P.K. Peshin  A.P. Singh 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(Z1):309-314

Cardio pulmonary embarrassment was induced with thiopentone sodium in 35 healthy adult donkeys divided in to seven groups of five animals. “To effect” anaesthetic dose was (12.72 ± 0.69 mg/kg) which caused transient hypotension, tachycardia and hypoxemia. A stable fall in MAP 1. 6.77 ± 0.287 Kpa (50.78 ± 2.15 mmHg) and a flat EEG were considered to indicate acute circulatory insufficiency due to thiopentone overdose.  相似文献   

DOES KETAMINE PROVIDE ADEQUATE VISCERAL ANALGESIA WHEN USED ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH ACEPROMAZINE,DIAZEPAM, OR BUTORPHANOL IN CATS?     

D.C. Sawyer  R.H. Rech  R.A. Durham 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1991,18(Z1):381-381

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Effects of monensin on Mg, Ca, P and Zn metabolism and tissue concentrations in lambs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D J Kirk  L W Greene  G T Schelling  F M Byers 《Journal of animal science》1985,60(6):1485-1490

A study consisting of two trials was conducted to determine the effects of monensin on the apparent absorption and retention of magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and to determine mineral changes in tissue and ruminal fluid. Eight lambs (39 kg) were used in trial 1, and 10 lambs (37 kg) were used in trial 2. Animals were blocked by weight and fed a high concentrate diet with or without 20 mg/kg monensin. Trials began with a dietary adjustment period lasting 18 d in trial 1 and 21 d in trial 2. Animals were then placed in metabolism stalls for a 10-d stall adjustment period followed by a 12-d collection period. Collections to determine mineral balance were made during the first 10 d of the collection period. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were taken on d 11 of the collection period. Lambs were slaughtered on d 12 of the collection period and tissue samples were collected. Monensin supplementation increased (P less than .05) Mg retention 42.0%. Urinary Ca excretion decreased (P less than .05) 60.0% when monensin was fed. Monensin supplementation decreased (P less than .05) liver Ca and bone Ca, 45.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Apparent P digestibility increased (P less than .05) 40.0% and P retention increased (P less than .10) 26.8% due to monensin supplementation. Both apparent absorption and retention of Zn increased (P less than .01) 50.0 and 45.0%, respectively, with monensin supplementation. Ruminal fluid Zn concentrations decreased (P less than .05) 33.0% with the addition of monensin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Prevalence of leukemic blood and bone marrow in dogs with multicentric lymphoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R E Raskin  J D Krehbiel 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(10):1427-1429

Multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed in 53 dogs. A study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of leukemic involvement in blood samples, bone marrow aspirates, and bone marrow core biopsy specimens at the time of initial diagnosis. Data indicated that 57% (30/53) of the dogs were leukemic when all materials were considered relative to the presence of cellular atypia or immaturity and abnormal tissue distribution. In the 30 leukemic dogs, detection was made in the specimens with the following frequency: 15 in blood (50%), 18 in bone marrow aspirates (60%), and 29 in bone marrow core biopsy specimens (97%). Five cases (17%) were only detected by core biopsy examination, even when dogs with bone marrow lymphocytosis of greater than 15% of nucleated cells were considered leukemic. Nondiffuse histologic colonization patterns accounted for the lack of correlation between the type of bone marrow specimens. Clinical staging for treatment response and prognosis was best determined by evaluation of concurrently obtained blood samples, bone marrow aspirates, and bone marrow core biopsy specimens.  相似文献