Idiopathic sterile pyogranuloma in three domestic cats     

A. Giuliano  P. Watson  L. Owen  B. Skelly  L. Davison  J. Dobson  F. Costantino-Casas 《The Journal of small animal practice》2020,61(3):202-205

Pyogranulomatous inflammation has been extensively described in cats, in particular in cases of feline infectious peritonitis and also associated with Mycobacteria, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and fungal infections. Idiopathic sterile pyogranulomatous dermatitis has also been described. In this case series we describe the clinical presentation, histopathology and outcome of three cases of feline idiopathic sterile steroid-responsive pyogranuloma with different presentation and different locations of the lesion, but with the common feature of having a mass with no superficial skin involvement.  相似文献   

Long-term phosphorus fertilisation increased the diversity of the total bacterial community and the phoD phosphorus mineraliser group in pasture soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hao Tan  Matthieu Barret  Marlies J. Mooij  Olivia Rice  John P. Morrissey  Alan Dobson  Bryan Griffiths  Fergal O’Gara 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(6):661-672

Fertilisers, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supplies, are frequently used in agricultural soil management to attain high crop yields. However, the intensive application of these chemical inputs can decrease the quality of agricultural soils and increase the probability of environmental pollution. In this study, the impact of P fertilisation on the diversity of the soil bacterial community was assessed. For this, a culture-independent approach targeting 16 rRNA and phoD genes was used on DNA extracted from pasture soils subjected to three different P fertilisation regimes for a long-term (42 years). As alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP) is necessary for mineralisation of organic P, an inverse relationship between the level of potential ALP activity and soil available P was expected. Indeed, a lower ALP activity was observed in soil subjected to higher chemical P fertiliser input. Analysis of the prevalence of three divergent families of ALP (PhoA, PhoD and PhoX) in metagenomic datasets revealed that PhoD is the most frequent ALP in soil samples and was selected as the most representative ALP possessed by the soil bacterial communities. Diversity of the phoD phosphorus mineraliser group, as well as the total bacterial community, was both increased in response to long-term P fertilisation. Specifically, phosphorus fertilisation decreased the relative abundance of certain taxa, including Acidobacteria and Pseudomonas fluorescens. In conclusion, this study shows that P fertilisation affects the microbial diversity of soil ecosystems, which might potentially modulate the soil biogeochemical cycle.  相似文献   

Long-term resource variation and group size: A large-sample field test of the Resource Dispersion Hypothesis     

Dominic DP Johnson  Samantha Baker  Michael D Morecroft  David W Macdonald 《BMC ecology》2001,1(1):2-18

Background  

The Resource Dispersion Hypothesis (RDH) proposes a mechanism for the passive formation of social groups where resources are dispersed, even in the absence of any benefits of group living per se. Despite supportive modelling, it lacks empirical testing. The RDH predicts that, rather than Territory Size (TS) increasing monotonically with Group Size (GS) to account for increasing metabolic needs, TS is constrained by the dispersion of resource patches, whereas GS is independently limited by their richness. We conducted multiple-year tests of these predictions using data from the long-term study of badgers Meles meles in Wytham Woods, England. The study has long failed to identify direct benefits from group living and, consequently, alternative explanations for their large group sizes have been sought.  相似文献   

Plasma concentrations of cortisol, testosterone, glucose and blood gases in male goats during anaesthesia with pentobarbitone sodium     

A A Sanhouri  R S Jones  H Dobson 《The British veterinary journal》1990,146(1):36-42

Fasting for 24 h had no statistically significant effect on cortisol, glucose or testosterone concentrations. A dose of pentobarbitone sodium which induced light anaesthesia resulted in an immediate decrease in cortisol values from 5.0-11.1 ng/ml to 2.2-3.6 ng/ml until waking-this latter event was accompanied by an excessive release of cortisol (up to 16.6 ng/ml). In two out of three goats testosterone concentrations decreased from 4.0-9.0 ng/ml to less than 0.5 ng/ml after pentobarbitone; low values were maintained for 4.5-6 hours. Glucose concentrations were unaffected. Precise doses of pentobarbitone (20 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) resulted in similar cortisol profiles as above but with higher concentrations achieved upon waking from the higher dose of pentobarbitone. On two out of nine occasions increased PCO2 values were recorded concurrently with increased cortisol concentrations during the period of anaesthesia, suggesting that a sufficiently strong stressful stimulus can break through the pentobarbitone blockade.  相似文献   

Effects of xylazine on the stress response to transport in male goats.     

A A Sanhouri  R S Jones  H Dobson 《The British veterinary journal》1992,148(2):119-128

A 20-min van journey increased plasma cortisol concentrations to 15-25 ng/ml in male goats, blood glucose concentrations were not affected, but respiratory rates and heart rates were increased, the latter by 40 beats per min. A 2-h van journey increased plasma cortisol to greater than 25 ng/ml and blood glucose to greater than 5 mmol/l. Respiratory rates were increased to greater than 40 breaths per min and heart rates by greater than 100 beats per min. Xylazine alone (0.01 mg/kg) suppressed resting plasma cortisol concentrations, increased blood glucose concentrations to 4.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l and suppressed respiratory rates by 5-10 breaths per min and heart rates by 20 beats per min. Cortisol concentrations were suppressed by xylazine treatment if given before a 20-min van journey, and for approximately 60 min if given 20 min after the start of a 2-h journey. When combined with transport, xylazine caused an additive effect on glucose concentrations, but suppressed respiratory and heart rates. However, for the latter criteria the timing of suppression was different depending on the time of onset and duration of the stressor. Injection of 50 micrograms ovine corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) caused an immediate elevation of cortisol concentrations (but not glucose) which lasted for at least 6 h compared with the return to baseline within 60 min after either length of journey. Xylazine pretreatment did not alter the cortisol response to CRF, suggesting that xylazine must act centrally above pituitary level when blocking the cortisol response to transport. It is proposed that under resting conditions the hypothalamus is under alpha 2-adrenergic suppression. Stimulation of cortisol secretion in response to a stressor can be inhibited by an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist.  相似文献   

Periparturient diseases and their effect on reproductive performance in five dairy herds   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

S Borsberry  H Dobson 《The Veterinary record》1989,124(9):217-219

The incidence of periparturient diseases and their effects on the calving to first service interval, the calving to conception interval and the mean number of services per conception were recorded in five Friesian-Holstein herds in the United Kingdom. The incidence rates of milk fever, milk fever followed by endometritis, retained fetal membranes, endometritis after retained fetal membranes, endometritis, or ovarian cysts, were 7.5, 1.4, 1.3, 3.3, 10.1 and 6.7 per cent, respectively, and the affected cows had significantly (P less than 0.05) extended calving to conception intervals (13, 66, 25, 51, 31 and 64 days, respectively) compared with herd-mates. Calving to first service intervals and services per conception were also adversely affected. In spite of treatment, milk fever, endometritis and ovarian cysts had a considerable impact on fertility. Improved methods of treatment and, or, prevention are clearly required.  相似文献   

Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of different hormone treatments of cystic ovarian disease in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A S Nanda  W R Ward  P C Williams  H Dobson 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(7):155-158

Cystic ovarian disease in cows was treated either with a single intramuscular injection of 500 micrograms cloprostenol, a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, in 77 cases of luteal cysts or with 500 micrograms gonadorelin or 20 micrograms buserelin, gonadotrophin releasing hormone or its analogue (GnRH), in 116 cases of follicular cysts. Recovery was defined as the absence of cysts and the formation of a corpus luteum either with or without observed oestrus within 10 days after treatment with cloprostenol and 15 days after treatment with GnRH. Recovery occurred in 65 per cent and 52.6 per cent of cases, respectively, in average times of 4.9 and 19 days. Fifteen days after treatment with GnRH, 20 cows with luteinised cysts were treated with cloprostenol and 15 recovered in a mean of 20.4 days, while 10 which still had follicular cysts, were given GnRH and one recovered 31 days after the beginning of treatment. Another 27 cows, in which cysts became luteinised, were treated with cloprostenol seven days after treatment with GnRH to give quicker (average 11.5 days) but poor (48 per cent) recovery and with a higher rate (33 per cent) of recurrence of cysts. A progesterone releasing intrauterine device was used in 25 cases of cystic ovarian disease, some of which had been previously treated. Sixty-eight per cent recovered in an average of 15 days. The proportions of cows becoming pregnant to one to three inseminations after the different methods of treatment were similar (77 to 94 per cent).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Electrolytes and reproductive hormone concentrations in maternal plasma and fetal fluids of dairy cows with hydrops     

J J Spencer  J E Cox  H Dobson 《The Veterinary record》1989,124(7):159-162

Electrolytes, metabolites, cortisol and reproductive hormones were measured in maternal plasma taken at least twice daily from three cases of bovine hydrops before, during and after parturition induced by dexamethasone or prostaglandin. Caesarean operations were required for two of the cases. Maternal plasma electrolytes remained within the normal range, but average potassium and creatinine concentrations were higher (9.2 and 0.68 mmol/litre, respectively) than normal (4.7 and 0.42 mmol/litre) in samples of amniotic fluid obtained at calving. Sodium (100 mmol/litre) and chloride (67 mmol/litre) in allantoic fluid were also higher than normal (53 and 20 mmol/litre, respectively). Conversely, creatinine concentrations were lower than normal in allantoic fluid (2.2 vs 13.8 mmol/litre). Oestradiol concentrations were lower than normal in maternal plasma (ranges: less than 20 to 140 pg/ml vs 30 to 440 pg/ml); maximum prostaglandin F metabolite (PGFM) concentrations were slightly elevated (ranges 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml vs 0.4 to 0.9 ng/ml). Progesterone and cortisol concentrations remained within the normal range; the latter hormone increased markedly in parallel with raised PGFM concentrations. In two cases, the concentrations of reproductive hormones tended to be lower in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic fluid. For example, progesterone concentrations were 42.8 and 14.9 ng/ml in the amniotic fluids vs 64.2 and 29.8 ng/ml in the allantoic fluids of the two cows; PGFM concentrations were 27.7 and 4.3 ng/ml vs 34.6 and 5.0 ng/ml, and oestradiol concentrations were 1.5 and 3.5 ng/ml vs 1.1 and 6.4 ng/ml in the two fluids, respectively.  相似文献   

Incidence and risk factors for the diagnosis of lymphoma in dogs in UK primary‐care practice     

C. Pittaway  I. Schofield  J. Dobson  D. G. O'Neill  D. C. Brodbelt 《The Journal of small animal practice》2019,60(10):581-588

  相似文献   

The future of radiotherapy in small animals – should the fractions be coarse or fine?          下载免费PDF全文

M. W. Nolan  J. M. Dobson 《The Journal of small animal practice》2018,59(9):521-530

Radiation therapy has been used to treat animal cancers for more than 100 years. Clinical experiences and experimental results have been widely published and provide a basis for the recognition of radiation therapy as an integral component of multimodal cancer management in veterinary oncology. As the expectations of pet owners and the demand for treatment of companion animals with cancer have increased, veterinary oncology itself has undergone dramatic advances in the past several decades both in terms of improved diagnostics and treatments, including increased accessibility of radiation therapy. Synchronous with development of the specialism of veterinary radiation oncology, confusion and controversy have arisen with regard to distinguishing between different types of radiotherapy and methods of treatment delivery. Importantly, the confusion extends beyond semantics, and includes opinionated debate about defining which forms of therapy (if any at all) are optimal for a given patient. This exemplifies how, despite marks of maturity including age and a robust publication history, the field of veterinary radiation oncology is in some ways still in its infancy. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence base for daily (fine) fractionation versus weekly (coarse) hypofractionation in veterinary oncology, using selected tumour types as examples.  相似文献